Articles tagged with Open Access
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Cognitive neuroscientists successfully created an illusion of body-swapping by manipulating sensory impressions, allowing subjects to perceive a mannequin's body as their own. This discovery sheds light on how the brain constructs an internal image of the body and has potential practical uses in VR applications.
A genome-wide association study reveals genetic variants influencing metabolic capacity, affecting disease susceptibility. The study identifies four SNPs associated with variations in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis and breakdown of triglycerides.
Research challenges the idea that longer sperm are faster due to drag from their heads. Streamlining and tail shape may be more important factors in determining sperm performance.
A recent study published in Reproductive Health found that pregnant women who attended water aerobics classes had shorter labor durations and lower rates of analgesia requests compared to those who did not participate. The research suggests that moderate water aerobics during pregnancy may improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.
The discovery of Bundibugyo ebolavirus represents a significant addition to the puzzle of the Ebola virus genus. The new virus is genetically distinct from all other known Ebola virus species, differing by more than 30% at the genetic level. This finding has implications for the development of diagnostics, antivirals, and vaccines.
A UK study reveals that most children are meeting physical activity guidelines, but failing to eat five pieces of fruit and vegetables a day. The study found that socioeconomic background plays a significant role in dietary habits, with children from lower-income backgrounds more likely to consume healthy foods.
A new technique allows for a quantitative and precise determination of plant viability during drought stress using chlorophyll fluorescence. This method is non-invasive, easy to measure, and minimizes technical expertise, making it a valuable complement to existing methods.
Research on small skink lizards reveals extensive body shape changes over brief geological periods, with species evolving an elongate, limbless body form. The study found rapid evolution of this snake-like body form, without reversals, and estimated the loss of limbs to have occurred within 3.6 million years.
Researchers propose that organisms can learn environment rules and develop modular designs storing history information in their genome, generating useful novelties for new environments.
A comprehensive study of lion populations in Africa and Asia found evidence of genetic diversity, even in well-studied ecosystems. The research highlights the need to prioritize conservation efforts for declining populations over larger-scale initiatives.
Researchers developed an AI coaching system called COACH to assist older adults with moderate dementia in performing daily activities. The system uses computer vision and artificial intelligence techniques to deliver personalized reminders, resulting in increased independence for participants.
A large study of former fenfluramine users found a strong association between duration of exposure and prevalence of valve regurgitation. The risk of valve surgery was increased approximately seven-fold, with over 0.44% of participants undergoing surgery due to the drug's use.
Researchers found that applying a probiotic bacterial solution in place of antiseptics effectively prevents respiratory illness in ventilated patients. The friendly bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum 299, has no negative side effects and does not contribute to antibiotic-resistant strains.
A study on eland antelopes found that males use knee clicking to broadcast their fighting ability and settle conflicts without incurring high costs. The researchers also discovered that the size of a bull's dewlap is related to age, while hair darkness reflects aggressiveness.
Research published in PathoGenetics reveals that one mutated SMAD4 allele is associated with gastrointestinal polyps and cancer development. This study highlights the importance of dosage in tumor suppressor genes, challenging the conventional understanding of gene mutations and disease phenotypes.
A study found that 24-hour drinking has not reduced the burden of alcohol-related attendances to emergency departments but shifted the problem to later into the night. This trend was seen for weekdays and weekends, with significantly more attendances in early morning hours.
The new journal Epigenetics & Chromatin publishes research on heritable changes in gene expression without altering DNA sequence. High-quality studies on human telomeres and the RNAi pathway have been published, shedding light on epigenetic inheritance and chromatin-based interactions.
A meta-analysis found that many wines contain high levels of metal ions, exceeding the safe threshold and posing potential health risks. The study suggests that these metals may contribute to neurological problems, oxidative damage, and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Researchers found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can improve delicate task performance by 24%, outperforming single-hemisphere and sham treatments. The study used healthy volunteers to test the effects of dual-hemisphere tDCS, showing significant benefits for non-dominant hand skills.
Researchers found that most cases of strangulation occurred early in the morning, often in homes, and were more common among victims who had consumed excessive alcohol. The study revealed a significant correlation between sexual violence and female strangulation rates in South Africa.
Researchers found that methylmercury harms T-lymphocytes, key cells in a seal's immune system, and similar results were also observed in human lymphocytes. The study suggests that mercury pollution may have already taken a toll on harbor seals' ability to fight infections.
Researchers have discovered primary developmental defects in the lens of moles, leading to a disrupted epithelium and disorganized mass of immature fibre cells. Genetic information reveals abnormal gene expression central to eye development, causing incomplete lens fibre completion.
The Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) aims to represent the interests of OA journals publishers globally. OASPA supports OA publishing by setting industry standards, advancing business and publishing models, advocating for gold OA journals publishing, education and innovation.
A new open access journal, Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair, has launched to address key issues in tissue fibrosis and repair. The first paper published in the journal reveals that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in skin correlates with myofibroblast induction.
A study found that farmers are skilled at identifying mildly lame sheep, but often neglect to treat them promptly, allowing the disease to spread. The researchers recommend that farmers inspect and treat the first mildly lame sheep in a group within one to three days of it first being lame
Researchers have identified a new gene, Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), that may contribute to human vulnerability to pulmonary tuberculosis. The study found that males are more susceptible than females to the disease.
Scientists have detected changes in prion protein production and accumulation in brains of cattle with a rare neurological disorder. The study suggests an association between abnormally high levels of prion protein and the disease, but differs from BSE and CJD.
Researchers found that froghoppers store energy in a composite structure made of hard cuticle and resilin, flexing it like an archery bow before releasing the energy for a powerful jump. This technique allows them to achieve remarkable heights, over 100 times their body length.
New research found that many published clinical genomic signatures have high specificity but very low sensitivity, making them inadequate for most clinical applications. The study suggests that a rigorous approach to evaluating signature quality is necessary to improve the accuracy of sequence-based diagnostics.
A recent survey found that trachoma affects over 15% of adults in Ayod county, Sudan, with severe consequences for public health. The SAFE strategy is being implemented to prevent the spread of infection and treat blinding trachoma.
A study finds that catch shares can reverse fisheries collapse, with nearly a third of open-access fisheries collapsing compared to half for those managed under catch share systems. Catch shares create incentives to protect fish populations and reduce bycatch, leading to better biological outcomes.
A new study reveals that delayed elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery significantly increases the risk of post-operative death. In contrast, performing CABG surgery within the recommended timeframe reduces the risk of death by approximately one-third.
A study published in PLOS ONE found a strong link between digit length and voluntary exercise, contradicting previous research on male aggression. The findings indicate that prenatal stress hormones play a key role in shaping the desire for physical activity.
The Journal of Dental Biomechanics will cover tissue and material biomechanics, with a focus on hard and soft tissue analysis. The journal aims to provide a platform for researchers to share vital research and developments in dental biomechanics.
Research published in BMC Ecology reveals at least 32 reef fish species exhibiting red fluorescence, a previously unknown signaling mechanism. The authors speculate that this phenomenon may serve as a private communication system among fish, allowing for attraction and presence detection.
A new marker for raised intracranial pressure has been identified using magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the optic nerve sheath. A retro-bulbar optic nerve sheath diameter above 5.82mm predicts raised ICP in 90% of cases, providing a non-invasive solution for early detection and treatment.
Researchers have discovered that the blood-boosting effects of erythropoietin are not related to its impact on cognition. Instead, EPO directly influences neurons in the brain, improving memory and cognitive function. The findings may lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study published in BioMed Central's Nutrition Journal found that popular slimming programmes do result in reduced energy intake while providing enough nutrients. The four commercial diets tested were Slim Fast, Atkins, Weight Watchers, and Rosemary Conley's Eat Yourself Slim Diet & Fitness Plan.
New research reveals that wolves prioritize seafood, specifically salmon, over deer when available. The study shows that wolves reduce deer hunting activity and focus on fishing during autumn when salmon is abundant.
A new approach, MisPred, uses five principles to identify suspect proteins with abnormal or incomplete annotations in public databases. The majority of errors are attributed to the absence of expected signal peptides and domain integrity violations.
A new resource called Proteopedia links written information with interactive 3D images of biomacromolecules, enabling easy creation and editing by users. By integrating 3D structures with descriptive text, Proteopedia aims to make complex structural information comprehensible to all.
A study by Sheffield University and the University of St. Andrews found that relearning can trigger forgotten information when forgetting is induced by directional decay in synaptic connectivity. This suggests that evolution may have selected physiological mechanisms involving forgetting using a form of synaptic drift.
A new study found that young women with positive emotional states and high levels of happiness are less likely to develop breast cancer. However, women who have experienced multiple severe or mild negative life events are at higher risk for the disease. The researchers suggest that a general feeling of happiness can play a protective r...
Research finds that children exposed to pets, suffering from early respiratory or ear infections, and growing up in large families are more likely to become adult snorers. Additionally, these factors may enhance inflammatory processes and alter upper airway anatomy, increasing the risk of adult snoring.
A new study published in BMC Infectious Diseases reveals a significant increase in human rabies cases in China since the new millennium. The researchers found that the number of cases jumped dramatically from 159 to 3,279 between 1990 and 2006, with most patients contracting the disease after being bitten by dogs.
Cells from menstrual blood, known as endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs), have been shown to restore blood flow in a mouse model with advanced peripheral artery disease. This breakthrough discovery holds promise for the treatment of critical limb ischemia, which causes approximately 150,000 amputations per year.
A study of 228 women identified two genetic variants associated with body shape, one affecting European American women and the other African American women. These variants were also linked to weight, lean mass, height, total fat mass, and HDL-cholesterol levels.
A new study has shed light on the inner mechanics of the thymus, revealing its role in negative selection, which prevents immune cells from attacking the body's own tissues. Researchers genetically engineered mice to contain an antigen only in the cortex, finding that T cells programmed to attack it were absent from mature mice.
A recent study by Cornell University found that open-access articles receive more downloads than subscription-based articles, but do not receive more citations. Higher quality articles are simply made freely available, reversing the cause-and-effect relationship previously assumed.
A cholesterol-lowering drug, lovastatin, has been shown to improve bone healing in an animal model of NF1. The study found marked improvements in bone healing compared to control animals.
A randomized, double-blinded trial of 70 patients found that taking an enriched extract of Indian Frankincense significantly improved osteoarthritis symptoms within seven days. The study suggests that AKBA, the most active ingredient in the plant, has anti-inflammatory properties and may be effective for treating knee osteoarthritis.
A new analysis of a 2005 survey found that male students were more likely to carry weapons than females, with certain racial groups also being overrepresented. The study suggests that socioeconomic factors, such as living in violent neighborhoods, may contribute to the carrying of weapons among disadvantaged students.
A new study reveals that two-thirds of South African schoolboys report being forced to have sex before the age of 18, mostly by female perpetrators. The research highlights systematic differences in frequency and type of perpetrator across provinces and rural-urban areas.
A new study shows that giving children four xylitol gummy bears three times a day reduces harmful bacteria in their plaque after six weeks. The findings suggest that a clinical trial to develop a gummy-based caries prevention program is feasible.
A recent study published in BMC Cancer reveals that a family history of breast cancer does not significantly increase the likelihood of developing the disease at an early age. The research suggests that applying strict screening criteria can help reduce unnecessary testing and alleviate psychological harm.
Researchers report rapid improvement in verbal fluency and aphasia following perispinal etanercept administration in a novel immune-based treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that elevated TNF-alpha levels may interfere with neural communication, which can be reversed using this approach.
A novel computational model illustrates how HIV evades the human immune system through 'escape mutants', which can lead to AIDS progression. The study suggests a new vaccine design approach by reducing viral replicative capacity.
A study published in Critical Care journal found that patients who survive cardiac arrest without severe neurological disabilities can expect fair long-term survival and good quality of life. The allocation of resources to treat heart attack patients is equally justified as other intensive care patient groups, according to the research.
Researchers found a negative correlation between dengue hemorrhagic fever and moderate to high mosquito density, with a 40% higher incidence in areas of moderate mosquito density. The study suggests that reducing Aedes mosquitoes may not effectively control the spread of the disease.
Women exposed to high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are more likely to give birth to female children. A study found that for every one microgram of PCBs per liter of serum, the chance of having a male child fell by 7%. The researchers suggest that high maternal PCB concentrations may favor fertilization by female sperm or ...