Articles tagged with Scientific Journals
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study published in the Journal of Personality reveals that personality at adolescence predicts reproductive success later in life. Adolescents with socially dominant personalities were more likely to have children as adults, suggesting that status striving may be important for reproductive success even in modern humans.
The Journal of General Physiology explores the mysteries of TRP channels, which are crucial for various senses. The latest Perspectives series provides a comprehensive overview of their biophysics, protein structure, and gating processes, shedding light on areas in need of further exploration.
A new study published in Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics challenges the concept of consensus in anti-aging medical intervention, citing diverse therapeutic approaches and conflicting opinions. Dr. Imre Zs.-Nagy proposes an open-minded approach to reconcile differences and achieve a realistic goal of aging intervention.
Researchers at Uppsala University have identified the three genes that determine warfarin dosage: VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2. This discovery will enable more precise treatment and reduce the risk of bleeding or blood clots.
Research finds that three- and four-year-old children favor majority opinions, even in follow-up experiments with only two individuals present. This suggests young children can recognize and trust consensus, and remember group membership.
The research, led by Johan Bollen, created a high-resolution graphic depiction of the virtual trails scientists leave behind when they retrieve information from online services. The map reveals unexpected relations between scientific domains and emerging relationships capturing the collective interest of the scientific community.
Researchers found that 'dialectical bootstrapping' technique can improve accuracy of estimates across various domains by averaging conflicting opinions and considering potential errors. The study suggests this method can be an effective strategy for boosting individual decision-making.
Researchers found that describing past actions in the imperfective aspect (e.g. I was solving word puzzles) improves memory recall and performance on similar tasks compared to the perfective aspect (e.g. I solved word puzzles). This technique may be useful in behavioral therapy for increasing healthy behaviors.
Research reveals that chemicals in cranberries, called proanthocyanidins, prevent E. coli bacteria from attaching to urinary tract cells. This prevents the development of UTIs, which burden the healthcare system with significant treatment costs.
Researchers at UT Southwestern used a computer-based tool to analyze millions of abstracts and found nearly 70,000 highly similar citations. Journal editors' reactions to the investigation revealed varying attitudes towards dealing with plagiarism, with some admitting to having borrowed previously published material.
A new study explores how and when politicians can use fear to manipulate the public into supporting policies they might otherwise oppose. Politicians' use of fear is more likely with abstract topics that are difficult for citizens to observe.
A new study published in the FASEB Journal reveals that a gene in the blind mole rat, which allows it to thrive in low-oxygen environments, is also active in human tumors. This discovery could lead to the development of new anti-cancer drugs that 'suffocate' tumors.
A new study finds that power can cause individuals to think they have more personal control over outcomes than they actually do. Researchers discovered that those in positions of power are more likely to believe they can influence events beyond their control, resulting in unrealistic optimism and inflated self-esteem.
A study by Dr. Ri-Nan Zheng found that esomeprazole significantly reduced heartburn scores and resolved symptoms faster than omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole in patients with reflux esophagitis. The results suggest esomeprazole may be the best choice for symptom relief in these patients.
Research reviews scientific evidence on tooth decay, concluding that good oral hygiene and fluoride toothpaste practices override the effects of food alone. Lifestyle factors such as regular brushing and dental health education are essential in preventing tooth decay.
Research by Christophe Boone and Walter Hendriks found that IT firms with diverse expertise and work experience tend to be more effective in managing organizations. In contrast, personality diversity hinders firm performance. The study suggests using carefully designed personnel selection techniques to screen for knowledge and experience.
A study found that tillage and nutrient management practices can affect soil carbon storage differently depending on the soil profile. When considering only the top 20 cm of soil, no-till treatments showed higher organic carbon stocks, but this effect was cancelled when accounting for deeper soil layers.
The journal Molecular Oncology has been accepted by Thomson Reuters for inclusion in the Science Citation Index Expanded and other prominent databases. It highlights new discoveries and approaches in basic, clinical, and translational research related to cancer.
A study found significant confusion among pre-hospital healthcare providers regarding living wills and DNR orders, which can compromise lifesaving care. Implementing clearly defined code status designations within living wills can clarify this confusion and ensure patient safety.
Researchers have developed a human cell-derived model of ALS, allowing for the study of the disease's progression and potential therapeutics. The model, derived from motor neurons generated from human embryonic stem cells, exhibits characteristics typical of the disease.
A new study describes how telomere dysfunction in skin cells can lead to increased skin cancer risk and pigmentation. Limiting the activity of a tumor suppressor protein, p53, restores cell regeneration but also advances skin cancer progression.
Bias in medical literature can be prevented through recognition and declaration of competing interests, detailed authorship policies, and mechanisms to control outcome reporting bias. The PLoS Medicine editors propose these measures to reestablish the integrity of the scientific record.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that low-dose furazolidone-based quadruple regimens are effective for treating H pylori infection, with eradication rates ranging from 70-90%. The regimens have a low cost and relatively minor side effects, making them a useful option for rescue therapy, particularly in d...
Researchers found that males' mating organs with barbs cause severe injuries to females, but also increase fertilization success rates, outcompeting males with shorter barbs
A new study finds that open access articles experience a 12% increase in usage compared to commercial formats, but have only a small positive impact on attention. Open source publications benefit researchers in developing countries with limited access to research funding and libraries.
Recent experiments using brain waves have shown that our brains rapidly draw upon a wide range of information to understand unfolding sentences. Key findings include the rapid classification of speakers based on their voice and social stereotypes.
A new study by Hyunjin Song and Norbert Schwarz found that people tend to classify difficult-to-pronounce items as risky, whether they are desirable or undesirable risks. This suggests that the ease of processing a product's name can influence risk perception.
A study found that when individuals are presented with a challenging task, they are more likely to be drawn to it and perceive its importance in helping them achieve their goals. Conversely, simple tasks are often overlooked despite being equally valuable.
A study suggests that measuring intra-abdominal pressure can help predict abdominal compartment syndrome in acute pancreatitis patients. The research team recommends IAP monitoring for patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) to prevent mortality.
Researchers found that fruit fly females' genes are activated similarly to an immune reaction when they mate, leading to a heightened defense system. The cost of mating is also revealed to be high, as females produce fewer offspring due to male harassment and toxic sperm fluid.
Researchers found that E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression is correlated with invasion and aggravation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The down-regulation of N-cadherin decreases invasiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro.
A study by Tufts University psychologists found that mentally depleted individuals were more direct and authentic in conversation with black interviewers, and perceived as less prejudiced. This suggests that relinquishing power over oneself can lead to more harmonious interactions.
When reading sentences describing everyday actions, volunteers who read second-person statements (
A study by the University of Minnesota found that 'Honeycrisp' apple trees produce more blushed fruit than striped ones, which have more intense markings. The research also discovered that northeast-facing branches produce more blushed fruit, highlighting the importance of tree position in determining peel pattern.
A team of researchers has developed a new method to analyze grape shapes using digital technology, which enables faster and more accurate breeding of elongated grapes. The study, led by Dr. John R. Clark, uses a special application of the SigmaScan technology to measure the area of each grape and calculate its shape.
Scientists analyze Lake Kråkenes sediments to detect short-term climate fluctuations. They attribute these changes to glacial melt runoff driven by the Gulf Stream's variability. The findings reveal a period of high-frequency climate oscillations during the Younger Dryas cold period.
Researchers explore social behavior in various animal species, including birds and gerbils, to understand how they use social cues for mating, diet, and survival. These findings demonstrate that animals have evolved complex social behaviors, challenging the idea of human exceptionalism.
Recent findings suggest early humans primarily ate gelatin, contradicting the long-held notion that they ate hard, tough foods like nuts. This shift in understanding may be linked to crisis situations rather than everyday dietary needs.
The AAAS Science Journalism Awards have received a $2 million endowment from the Kavli Foundation to foster strong, probing science writing. The awards, established in 1945, recognize distinguished reporting on science by professional journalists.
Researchers found that males maintain larger social networks with other males compared to women and have longer-lasting friendships with members of the same-sex. Males rated their roommates as more satisfactory and less bothersome than females did.
Richard A. Meserve has been selected to receive the 2008 Philip Hauge Abelson Prize for his remarkable career advancing science in the public interest. He is recognized for his contributions to institutions, scientific communities, and the general public, both domestically and internationally.
Drummond Rennie receives AAAS Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award for his efforts to promote integrity in scientific publishing and research. He is recognized for his advocacy on issues such as publication bias, conflicts of interest, and compulsory registration of clinical trials.
Pragmatically licensed statements, which sound natural and informative, don't hinder the brain's understanding of negative statements. In contrast, pragmatically unlicensed statements elicit similar ERPs to true words, suggesting negation is not more challenging when useful.
Recent studies suggest that humans use multiple senses for speech perception, including lip-reading, teeth movements, and facial features. The McGurk Effect demonstrates the integration of visual and auditory information, showing how our brains blend these senses together to process speech.
A new study reveals that music involvement has a positive effect on academic performance, especially during high school years. Socioeconomic status and ethnicity also impact music participation rates, with higher socioeconomic groups and Whites more likely to participate.
A new study published by Elsevier found that nearly half of patients with heart failure have problems with memory and other aspects of cognitive functioning. Memory problems, especially short-term memory, were the most common type of cognitive deficit in these patients.
The article highlights the importance of alternative and complementary medicine (CAM) in healthcare reform, advocating for universal coverage and evidence-based methods. CAM encourages a holistic view of health, promoting whole-systems approaches and multifactorial integrative therapies.
EurekAlert! and AAAS have launched fellowships for five Latin American science journalists, allowing them to cover the latest research at the AAAS Annual Meeting. The program aims to promote international scientific dialogue and advance sound science reporting worldwide.
A new study by Michigan State psychologist Carlos David Navarrete found that men's fears are reserved for members of their own gender when it comes to out-groups. The findings suggest that this fear is linked to evolutionary history, with male faces being a potent cue for danger.
Leading authors debate the best strategies to tackle ghostwriting, a form of scientific misconduct that undermines author accountability. Some advocate for regulations and explicit disclosure of writing assistance, while others argue against excessive controls that may not be justified by current evidence.
A study by Stanford University School of Medicine found that an 11-gauge needle is more effective in breast biopsy procedures compared to a 14-gauge needle. The results showed significantly fewer false-negative diagnoses with the 11-gauge needle, which also produces larger and more accurate specimens.
Researchers discovered that optical illusions, like the Rotating Snakes illusion, activate the brain's motion-perception area, suggesting a bottom-up process rather than imagination. This finding has implications for designing instrument panels and multimedia content to avoid motion sickness.
A study by the University of Washington found that radiologists' perceived risk of malpractice lawsuits was four times higher than actual risk. This led to increased use of defensive medicine and potentially contributed to workforce shortages in breast imaging.
A new study identifies miR-23 as a microRNA that regulates myelin formation and maintenance. By turning down lamin gene expression, miR-23 prevents demyelination due to lamin overexpression, offering a potential treatment for demyelinating illnesses.
A recent study found that false confessions can significantly influence eyewitness testimony, with 60% of witnesses changing their minds when told of a confession. This has serious implications for the legal system and suggests that investigators need to be aware of how confessions may impact eyewitness identifications.
Researchers found that young infants (8-12 months) can tell the difference between an action's goal and its outcome. However, younger infants need explicit information about successful outcomes to infer goals. This study suggests that understanding internal causes of actions develops over time, enabling effective social navigation.
A new INFORMS management insights feature warns that relying on arithmetic means can lead to flawed plans. Non-averaging metrics, such as the artist's maximum sales, are often more accurate and should be used instead.
A new study published in Social Science Quarterly found that adolescents with unpopular names are more likely to commit crime. Researchers analyzed state data and constructed a popularity-name index, which showed the least popular names were associated with juvenile delinquency among both black and white youths.
A recent study found that when people are told false information about an event shortly after witnessing it, they become less likely to remember the actual details. However, forcing them to recall what they witnessed shortly afterwards improves their ability to learn and retain false information.
A study by Rachel Smallman and Neal J. Roese found that people with positive preferences sort items into finer, more specific categories compared to those with negative preferences. This suggests that our likes can shape how we categorize information, particularly in consumer psychology where this can influence brand perceptions.