Articles tagged with Universities
Researchers at the University of Kent have developed a new method to extend the life of silicone voice prostheses for throat cancer patients by treating a common fungal infection. By addressing Candida albicans, patients can now carry on using their voice prosthesis for longer, reducing the risk of secondary chest infections.
A new doctoral training collaboration between Warwick and Waitrose aims to develop graduate students who can address the need for a more secure and sustainable food system. The programme will provide PhD students with industry training and expertise in agriculture and sustainable crop production.
In a study published in Scientific Reports, researchers discovered that edible dormice experience increased telomere length with age, contrary to human aging. The unique life history of the species and its remarkable longevity may hold the key to understanding cellular rejuvenation.
Using computer simulations, researchers at MIT and others have made significant strides in understanding the way graphene behaves when something slides along its surface. The findings reveal that the quality of contact between two surfaces is more important than the true contact area in explaining a material's frictional behavior.
Researchers found that engaging in daily creative activities led to increased feelings of enthusiasm and higher 'flourishing' states. The study supports the idea that everyday creativity can cultivate positive psychological functioning.
Researchers have successfully used Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a predatory bacterium, to clear multi-drug resistant Shigella infections in zebrafish. The bacteria works alongside the host's immune system, showing promise as a living antibiotic for tackling drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Researchers from Uppsala University developed computational tools to predict large-scale collective motion in simulated mass gatherings. They found that densely packed crowds are at risk of emergent structural mechanisms leading to disasters.
The BLUEPRINT project has discovered how variation in blood cell characteristics and numbers affects the risk of complex diseases such as heart disease and autoimmune diseases. Genetic differences affecting some characteristics are linked to increased risk of heart attack, rheumatoid arthritis, and other common autoimmune diseases.
Researchers significantly reduced CAUTI rates through a multifaceted intervention emphasizing best practices for insertion, maintenance, and removal of indwelling catheters. As a result, the rate decreased by one-third from 3.0 per 1,000 catheter days in 2013 to 1.9 in 2014.
Dusa McDuff and Dietmar Salamon will receive the 2017 AMS Steele Prize for Exposition for their comprehensive book on J-holomorphic curves and symplectic topology. The prize recognizes their contributions to the field, which has rapid development since Mikhael Gromov's introduction of J-holomorphic curves in 1985.
The University of Plymouth is expanding its work supporting farmers and families in rural Kenya after receiving a second grant from Comic Relief. The partnership has already seen the number of shops up and running across the country rise to 77, with the aim of doubling that number by the end of 2018.
Researchers have identified a new treatment strategy for MRSA infections that uses a combination of modern-day antibiotics and old-fashioned penicillin to weaken the virulence of the bacteria. This approach has shown promising results in reducing the duration of MRSA sepsis from 3 days to 1.9 days.
New research by the University of Kent found that expanding childcare provision can increase public support, while reducing it. The study analyzed data from 22 European countries and discovered a 'virtuous cycle' between policy provision and parental support for childcare.
A study of over 1,000 Turkish residents found that consuming violent media within 90 minutes of bedtime increased the likelihood of having a violent dream by 13 times. Similarly, viewing sexual media was linked to sex-related dreams six times more often. The study suggests that the media we consume can influence our dreams.
A study by Mainz University Medical Center found that the level of education is more decisive than intelligence in developing short-sightedness. The researchers analyzed data from the Gutenberg Health Study and found a strong correlation between educational attainment and myopia, but not with cognitive ability.
Researchers found that problems spread between siblings within behavioral domains, then escalate and spread across different domains. Sibling influence is a risk factor for illicit substance use, predicting substance use by both twins.
A University of Illinois study suggests that the Mississippi River's natural course could permanently reroute Dogtooth Bend peninsula, leaving approximately 15,000 acres of farmland inaccessible by road. The researchers propose three alternative solutions to mitigate this threat and ensure sustainable land use in the region.
Researchers at Rice University discovered that molybdenum diselenide's tensile strength can be significantly reduced by flaws as small as one missing atom. The material's brittle nature may limit its use in next-generation technologies.
Cardiac surgery patients worldwide have been infected with M. chimaera due to contaminated heater-cooler devices, according to a study published by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.
Researchers developed a new laboratory system to study the deformed wing virus, showing viral antigens in all body areas, particularly in gland tissue. The discovery could lead to targeted strategies against disease-causing viruses and improve bee colony survival.
Researchers at The University of Texas at Arlington are studying the ideal physical and mental states to help individuals pay attention and practice self-control. They use computer-game testing combined with heart-rate and skin activity analysis to understand how people respond to tasks requiring attention and self-regulation.
The BioEYES program using live zebrafish teaches basic scientific principles and increases students' science knowledge and positive attitudes. Elementary students showed the greatest attitude changes.
Scientists have found that the Zika virus uses a complex molecular process to produce disease-causing small RNAs. The researchers used x-ray crystallography to understand the structure of these RNA segments, which interact with and block cellular enzymes.
A five-year study found BioEYES significantly improves elementary, middle school, and high school students' science knowledge and positive attitudes towards science. The program increased students' ability to imagine themselves as scientists, with the greatest effect on attitude changes among younger students.
A new study published in PLOS Biology found that a program teaching biology through raising zebrafish from embryos improves students' knowledge of scientific concepts and their attitudes towards science. The program, BioEYES, was shown to be particularly effective in engaging underrepresented minorities.
Researchers from the University of Exeter found that parthenocarpy increases fruit quality and quantity in crops like apples and tomatoes, which traditionally rely on insect pollination. The study suggests this technique could improve food security by extending growing seasons and increasing crop resilience.
A study published in Frontiers found that individuals with greater self-control tend to engage in healthier behaviors, which in turn improve their executive function. The research suggests a bidirectional relationship between physical activity, executive function, and healthy behavior.
A new study by University of Miami researchers found that the Agulhas Current, a major Indian Ocean current, has broadened since the early 1990s due to increased turbulence from intensifying winds. This widening of the current has significant implications for global climate change and ocean heat transport.
A recent study found that nurses working the night shift and experiencing workplace incivility are more likely to consider leaving their jobs. However, targeted interventions such as team-building initiatives and private informal meetings can reduce these intentions.
Compost bedded barns showed significantly fewer cases of claw lesions, such as foot rot and white line disease, compared to freestall cubicle barns. Daily aeration and fresh bedding also improved social interaction among dairy cows.
Military surgeons develop guidelines for treating devastating wounds, including massive blood transfusions and wound cleaning, to stabilize patients and prevent long-term complications. The review aims to improve trauma care in both military and civilian hospitals, reducing preventable deaths from injury.
Research from Binghamton University finds that pupil dilation in response to negative emotional faces predicts risk for depression relapse among women with a history of major depressive disorder. High or low reactivity to angry faces is associated with increased risk, while low reactivity to sad faces may be protective.
Kent's Dr Mark Shepherd and PhD student Charlie Hobbs provide new insights into the HemQ enzyme of haem synthesis, a key process in MRSA's rapid growth. The discovery could lead to alternative strategies to combat resistant bacteria by targeting this pathway with new drugs.
A Chapman University study finds that Orange County adolescents are more likely to vape when their school is located near e-cigarette specialty retailers. The study also reveals a high prevalence of e-cigarette use among local teens, with 27.5% of high school students having tried e-cigarettes.
A study led by the University of Kent found that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) delayed leg muscle exhaustion by 15% during exhaustive leg exercise. Participants felt less effort during exercise, but no effect was observed on neuromuscular response.
Researchers propose that understanding the connection between size and number is crucial for developing higher math abilities. This new approach could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of dyscalculia in younger children.
A new study reviewing 20 existing studies found that bedtime use of media devices increases the likelihood of inadequate sleep quantity, poor sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness. The presence of a media device in the bedroom also affects sleep, even without use.
Research by Natalia Karelaia finds that social connectedness enhances the perceived effectiveness of actions, leading to increased social responsibility. Studies show that people who feel a sense of belonging and can make a difference are more likely to engage in environmentally conscious behaviors.
A University of Huddersfield professor found that black and minority ethnic teachers need white endorsement to climb the career ladder. Despite being underrepresented, only 1% of head teachers are BME, highlighting the need for robust policy monitoring.
A new study found that common cuckoo eggs experience similar amounts of decalcification during embryonic development as warbler eggs, maintaining thicker shells. This adaptation helps ease hatching and reduces the risk of host bird puncture.
Research by the University of Kent has identified an enzyme, cytochrome bd-I, as crucial for the survival of antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria. Targeting this enzyme with new drugs may render these bacteria susceptible to attack from the host immune system.
A new study published in Psychological Science reveals that school principals' personal values influence the school atmosphere and ultimately shape students' values over time. The researchers found a consistent pattern for three out of four value categories, with one exception that may be attributed to unstudied mechanisms.
Florida Atlantic University has received a $4.4 million grant from the US Department of Education to increase degrees awarded to Hispanic and low-income students in computer science, computer engineering, and electrical engineering. The project aims to improve student success rates and provide employment opportunities in various settings.
Physicists create a memory bit that traps and releases electrons with laser excitation, storing vast amounts of data in an atomic-sized defect. The resulting storage densities would be hundreds of thousands of times larger than existing Blu-ray technology.
A study by Michigan State University found that many children enter kindergarten unprepared for self-regulation, a critical skill for academic success. Around 20% of preschoolers showed little improvement in self-control, leaving them behind their peers.
A study by Hubert Gatignon found that customer-oriented firms are more likely to adopt environmental management practices, such as environmental audits and ISO14001 certification. The extent of a firm's customer orientation determines its environmental innovation, with values and information-gathering capabilities playing a crucial role.
The new CaPSuLe system calculates locations in under 2 seconds with over 92% accuracy, consuming less than 4 joules of energy. It uses machine learning and inexact computing to address issues of privacy, computations, and energy.
Researchers at the University of Vienna have made a groundbreaking discovery on how cells regulate autophagy, a vital process for maintaining cellular balance. The study shows that autophagy is tightly controlled in space and time by two independent coordinators, which enables the activation of autophagy when precise requirements are met.
An international team of scientists has created a three-dimensional atomic-level image of the human cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), revealing an expansive and complicated binding pocket network. The findings have potential to guide drug design for pain, inflammation, obesity, fibrosis, and other indications.
Researchers found that azure-winged magpies provided food to their group members spontaneously and without being asked, showing a high level of prosocial behavior. This suggests that cooperative breeding may have promoted the emergence of prosocial tendencies in these birds.
Researchers at Ohio State University developed a mathematical model of drinking behavior in college students, revealing that they adjust their consumption to maintain a certain level of drunkenness. The study aims to provide insights into high-risk alcohol consumption and inform interventions.
A study ranking nations by empathy places the US at No. 7, behind countries like Peru and Saudi Arabia. The researchers analyzed online surveys of over 104,000 people, finding that Americans are struggling to form meaningful close relationships due to changing psychological states.
A new study from North Carolina State University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Michigan found that women college students are more active in racial justice movements. The research also showed that what drives Black students to engage is different from what drives Latino students. Key findings include: Black women we...
Researchers at UTA are developing an AI system that assesses children's executive function skills, recognizing patterns of inattention and hyperactivity. The system provides recommendations for effective intervention and monitoring progress over time.
A 15-year international study found that HIV-1 subtype C, the most dominant form of the virus, is also the slowest to progress to AIDS. This counterintuitive finding challenges Darwinian evolutionary theory.
Researchers have designed metal-free phosphorescent molecules that glow persistently at room temperature, overcoming challenges of organic compounds emitting light only at low temperatures. The molecules can be tuned to emit different colors and are potentially three times more efficient than fluorescent LEDs.
A team of 90 institutions from 44 countries found that forests with many tree species are more productive than those with few, providing an estimated USD$166-490 billion in annual economic benefits. This discovery highlights the need for a re-assessment of biodiversity values and conservation priorities.
The University of Texas at Arlington has partnered with Apache Corporation to conduct a baseline water quality study of groundwater and surface water in the Alpine High resource play. The study aims to provide important data for future monitoring efforts and support responsible energy extraction processes.
A new series of studies found that men consider sexist jokes less hostile when presented in a lads' mag context, particularly among younger males and those with ambivalent sexism. The research suggests that exposure to extreme content can lead men to reject magazines altogether.
The University of Texas at Arlington's TMAC has received a $2.6 million award to help small- and mid-sized defense industry companies in Texas grow through diversification. The program aims to create jobs and increase sales for affected businesses.