Articles tagged with Universities
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of Leeds researchers has built the world's most powerful terahertz laser chip, more than doubling previous records. The achievement showcases the expertise developed at Leeds in fabricating layered semiconductors and engineering them into powerful laser devices.
Recent advances in data analysis technology have given federal controllers new weapons in the fight against Medicare and Medicaid fraud. Researchers found that for every dollar spent on fraud control, $7 was returned, with significant recoveries made in fiscal years 2011 and 2012.
A three-year study published in Neuroscience reveals how loud sound damage affects myelin, the protective sheet around cells, and its correlation to auditory signals failing to transmit during hearing loss. Understanding this link can help develop strategies to prevent or alleviate deafness or tinnitus symptoms.
Scientists at the University of Sheffield have developed a novel antibody-based therapy to target fibrosis progression. The treatment blocks key enzyme action and may also work for lung, liver, and heart fibrosis.
A novel one-hour intervention that raises awareness of social class shapes the college experience significantly reduces the academic achievement gap between first-generation and continuing-generation students. The difference-education intervention improves first-generation students' psychological adjustment, grade point averages, and c...
A Baylor University study found that online games like iCivics significantly improved civics knowledge scores among primary and middle school students. The study showed the most significant gains in younger students, with grades 5 and 8 students scoring nearly five points higher on civics tests.
Research from San Francisco State University finds that affluent neighborhoods contribute to poor spending habits and materialistic values, especially among younger individuals. The study suggests that relative deprivation and social comparison drive this behavior, leading to impulsive purchases despite a lack of happiness.
Researchers found that strongly interacting binary stars are necessary for powerful, bipolar jets of gas and dust to form in planetary nebulae. The jets are produced by accretion processes that provide fuel for the outflows.
A new study by Case Western Reserve University finds that people with strong religious beliefs perceive a higher risk of addiction to online pornography, even if they only view it once. The researchers suggest that therapists can help individuals understand their driving motivations and enjoy their faith.
Researchers found that brain activity for mathematical beauty correlates with the same region as art and music, suggesting a neurobiological basis for beauty. The study used fMRI to image brain activity of mathematicians when viewing beautiful formulae, revealing strong correlation between beauty experience and brain intensity.
Andrew Tsin, a professor of biology at the University of Texas at San Antonio, received the 2013 AAAS Lifetime Mentor Award for his dedication to mentoring underrepresented students. He has mentored over 130 students, including dozens of Hispanic Americans, and helped establish programs aimed at increasing diversity in science education.
Researchers have uncovered geologic evidence supporting two earthquakes in 1838 and 1890 that match historical accounts. The team used LiDAR technology to map the active fault trace and found ax-cut wood chips, tree stumps, and charcoal fragments confirming the quakes.
Paul B. Tchounwou, associate dean of graduate studies at Jackson State University, received the 2013 AAAS Mentor Award for his significant contributions to mentoring African American students in environmental sciences. He has mentored over 75 students and has played a key role in increasing research productivity at the university.
Researchers found that people attribute more status and competence to individuals who display nonconformity in prestigious contexts. This phenomenon, dubbed the 'Red Sneakers Effect,' suggests that intentionally deviating from norms can be a powerful signal of success.
Research reveals a long-term hidden threat to the environment: shrinking households. A study by Michigan State University found that as global household size declines, it will double the number of homes needed per-capita, straining natural resources and the environment.
Researchers found a 400% increase in obesity and 250% increase in diabetes among TV, computer, and car owners in low-income countries. The study suggests that these modern conveniences contribute to a sedentary lifestyle, leading to increased rates of obesity and diabetes.
Researchers found that hydrogen sulfide regulates the body's production of nitric oxide, which protects the heart muscle against cell death. The study's discovery has far-reaching implications for developing novel treatments for cardiovascular disease.
Researchers found that fallow bucks respond differently to fast vs. slow rate groans, indicating they signal aggression through calling speed. Bucks also recognize early-rut groans as more threatening than late-rut ones, helping them avoid exhausted rivals during mating season.
Researchers at Aarhus University have developed tiny, degradable 'medicine factories' inside the body that can produce specific medicines in response to specific enzymes. The technology, funded by a €2 million ERC grant, has the potential to revolutionize pain relief and cancer treatment.
A new disease gene ERCC6L2 has been identified as the underlying cause of bone marrow failure, allowing for reliable genetic testing. The discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for this specific gene defect.
Researchers aim to create personalized models for individual patients using their clinical data, enabling prediction of disease progress. The goal is to tailor treatment and improve healthcare outcomes for Parkinson's sufferers.
A groundbreaking study published by George Mason University and Indiana University found that nearly all (92.6 percent) gay and bisexual men reported being in love with their partner during a recent sexual event. The study also revealed that men who were in love with their partners experienced sex as more pleasurable.
The Sochi Winter Olympics are expected to be the first 'fully mobile' Olympics due to increased web and mobile viewing. However, traditional TV viewing is enhanced by social media usage, according to a new study. The Olympics attract diverse audiences and offer a unique experience that balances sports and social aspects.
Researchers have developed a graphene water balloon to visualize hydrated protein molecules without freezing or slicing them. This technique allows for the capture of high-resolution images of ferritin, a protein critical for human health, which may lead to new treatments for diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer.
Patients with Sjögren's syndrome report higher levels of cognitive, psychological, and physical impairment than peers, yet still maintain high functional levels. The study suggests that people with Sjögren's can compensate for the disease's effects and function reasonably well.
A new study by Brandeis University and University of Rochester found that individuals with a high sense of control tend to live longer and healthier lives, especially among those with less education. The study suggests that educational experiences can be a key factor in improving one's sense of control.
A study published in two papers found that relocating Gujjar communities outside of forests can increase tiger populations by up to 68% and provide a rare conservation opportunity. The research suggests that prioritizing the socio-economic needs of local people, such as education and healthcare, can coexist with tiger conservation.
A new study found that adults with low education levels live longer if they feel in control of their lives. Conversely, those who feel little control are three times as likely to die. Researchers believe innate and external factors contribute to perceived control.
A new study emphasizes the importance of a data-driven team in launching and sustaining a School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) framework. The study found that an effective school-based team using data for decision-making was more critical to sustainability than principal support.
A recent study published in Science has discovered that vibrations can influence the circadian clock of a fruit fly, with exposure to 12-hour cycles of vibration and silence synchronising the fly's internal clock and corresponding daily locomotor activity.
Researchers at Michigan State University have developed a new approach to assess the long-term impact of conservation efforts by considering human behavior and ecological gains. The study uses an agent-based modeling approach to simulate how conservation policies can affect outcomes over decades.
Researchers discovered that fruit flies' biochemical pathway to fight fungal infections is compromised after space flight, while bacterial infection defense remains intact. The study offers a promising lead in understanding the impact of microgravity on human immune systems, paving the way for future research with astronauts.
Researchers found statistically significant reduction in water use only in the month of the workshop, but this impact is short-lived. To sustain reductions, reinforcement of educational messages is required.
The January/February ER issue investigates the impact of arts education on critical thinking skills and finds benefits for disadvantaged students. The special section discusses standards for high-quality education research, emphasizing the importance of understanding policy decisions and contextual nuances.
Deforestation in Central America is linked to growing evidence of drug trafficking, with traffickers creating clandestine roads and landing strips within protected areas. The influx of cash from drug trade emboldens local residents to expand their activities at the expense of indigenous people who are key forest defenders.
A national campaign by Public Health England aimed to encourage smokers to quit for 28 days, resulting in a significant increase in quit attempts and a cost-effective initiative that saves lives. The campaign resulted in an estimated 350,000 additional quit attempts compared to other months.
Researchers found that people with slower reaction times were 25% more likely to die within 15 years compared to those with average reaction times. The study, published in PLOS ONE, controlled for age, sex, and lifestyle factors.
A Kansas State University engineer has developed a composite paper that can efficiently store sodium atoms and serve as a flexible current collector in sodium-ion batteries. The paper offers stable charge capacity and eliminates the need for polymeric binders and copper current collectors.
A recent study found that companies that successfully achieve a dual emphasis of improving efficiency and customer satisfaction experience the highest increase in long-term financial performance. The research suggests that ignoring customers during mergers can lead to missed opportunities and decreased value for firms.
A new partnership between the University of Maryland Medical Center and a rural health education center has shown that empowering underserved communities can lead to increased participation in clinical trials and biospecimen donations. The partnership aims to address racial, income- and geographically-based health disparities by foster...
A team of biologists and architects found that building design influences microbial communities, with variations depending on architectural choices. The study analyzed DNA from over 30,000 types of bacteria, revealing distinct communities in different rooms, such as bathrooms and offices.
Researchers at the University of Akron identify fungi closely related to WNS, predicting future of North American bats; a single bat can eat thousands of insects, critical to controlling agricultural pests. The fungus can survive in caves without bats, making reintroduction attempts doomed to failure.
A clinical study published in PLOS ONE found that the low-cost 'bubble CPAP' device increased neonatal survival rates by 27% compared to standard care, saving an estimated 178,000 lives annually. The technology, developed by Rice University students, is a cheaper alternative to conventional CPAP machines.
Scientists have identified a large, deep magma chamber below Kilauea volcano using seismic data. The crustal magma reservoir is composed of 'magma mush' and is similar to those found beneath mid-ocean ridges, posing significant hazards to the volcano.
The Israel government has announced a new national cyber research complex called CyberSpark, which will be located adjacent to Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. The complex is expected to attract major companies and researchers in the field, and will be a hub for cybersecurity innovation and education.
A team led by George Washington University researcher will receive funding to develop an approach to rapidly identify the root cause of biological and chemical threats, potentially reducing processing time from years to 30 days. The project aims to enhance national security efforts against these threats.
A team of surgeons, led by Dr. T. Sloane Guy, has successfully performed a robotic operation to reconstruct the tricuspid valve in patients with infective endocarditis. The procedure uses a bioscaffold material that allows new tissue to grow, offering a potential cure for this potentially fatal bacterial disease.
A recent study found that 59% of college students at one Oregon university experienced food insecurity, with severe implications for their academic performance, physical and emotional health. The researchers attributed this issue to rising college costs, low-income and first-generation students, and changing demographic trends.
Temple researchers have shown that identical or compatible blood types between donor and recipient do not affect rejection rates in double-lung transplants. The study confirms excellent post-transplant lung function and comparable mortality rates for compatible donors.
A new multilayer stent may revolutionize the treatment of aortic aneurysms in the US, offering improved outcomes and reduced need for surgical bypass grafts. The device has already shown promising results in European trials, with patients experiencing similar or better outcomes than those treated with traditional stents.
Researchers at VIB and Ghent University discovered a protein complex that regulates the transition from cell division to cell specialization in leaves. By extending the activity of this complex, more cells divide, resulting in larger leaves.
The UTSA Institute for Health Disparities Research and the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio will provide comprehensive services to young minority adults through the Oh Snap! program. The program aims to reduce substance abuse and HIV/AIDS transmission among 18-24 year olds in the greater San Antonio region.
A systematic review of data from over 40 studies found that colleges can reduce freshman drinking by implementing personalized feedback reports, which significantly helped students to reduce their drinking frequency, quantity, and alcohol-related problems. Interventions combining multiple techniques proved most effective in reducing fi...
A team of researchers discovered that large multicellular organisms grew tall to access nutrient-rich ocean flow, gaining an advantage over bacteria. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of early life forms and may have implications for understanding modern ocean processes.
Decisions on homebirth vs hospital birth should consider long-term disability risk to child, leading ethicists say. Homebirth risks include increased chances of death, disability, and neonatal intensive care admission compared to hospital births.
The Biophysical Society has announced the winners of its 2014 CPOW Travel Awards, which support female postdoctoral fellows and mid-career scientists presenting at the conference. The recipients will receive travel grants and be recognized at a reception.
A Tel Aviv University study reveals that educated adults still think about numbers like kids, retaining a primal sense. The research found that adults' innate number sense influences their thinking on both one-digit and two-digit numbers.
A study reveals that the Georgia Basin, a rigid soil bowl beneath Vancouver, can amplify earthquake effects, causing potential devastation beyond building codes' preparedness. The basin's unique geography traps and amplifies seismic waves, predicting extended shaking times for shallow quakes.
A University of Oregon study discovers the source of Galapagos eruptions to be a plume 150 kilometers southeast of Fernandina Island, contradicting previous modeling. This finding sheds light on volcanic activity in the islands and raises questions about plate tectonics and Earth's internal convection.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have developed a new method called direct measurement that can characterize high-dimensional quantum states in a single experiment with no post-processing. This technique offers an exciting alternative to quantum tomography and could be central in developing high-security quantum communication...