Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists have used genetics to analyze DNA and discover an influx of European genes into Caribbean populations after Columbus' arrival. The results demonstrate how deciphering genetic echoes can illuminate human history, highlighting differences in susceptibility to diseases among populations.
A new study by Stanford researchers reveals the genetic roots of Caribbean populations, shedding light on historical events such as European colonization and African immigration. The research uses a novel DNA analysis method to infer genetic ancestry at a fine geographic scale.
An international team of scientists aims to develop Heusler alloy films as a cost-effective alternative to Iridium in spin electronic devices. The project, funded by the European Commission and Japanese Science and Technology Agency, seeks to address the growing scarcity and price increase of Iridium.
A study using phylogenetic analysis maps out the evolution of folk tales, revealing that Little Red Riding Hood shares a common root with The Wolf and the Kids, which originated in the 1st century AD. The research sheds light on the migration patterns of humans in ancient times by determining the origins and evolution of folk stories.
Researchers are using past natural disasters to develop models of potential future events, highlighting the importance of local community resilience. By analyzing geological and social parameters, scientists aim to create a more robust framework for disaster preparedness.
More than 22 million postmenopausal women in the European Union are at risk of developing osteoporosis, which can lead to debilitating fractures, pain, and premature death. The disease is expected to increase by 23% from 2010 to 2025, with a total health burden estimated at 1,180,000 lost QALYs.
A study by the University of Basel found that four out of thirteen nursing activities are left undone across Europe, with psychoeducational care being the most omitted. The research highlights the negative impact on job satisfaction and suggests optimizing nurse work environments can help reduce this issue.
A new scorpion species, Euscorpius lycius, has been discovered in the ancient Lycia region of Turkey, adding to the total of five known species within the genus. The newly found species is relatively small, ranging from 2-2.5 cm in length and has a pale color with darker pedipalps.
Experts warn that a Syria polio outbreak could spread to Europe if vaccination coverage is low, particularly in Bosnia, Ukraine, and Austria. High hygiene standards and large refugee populations are key to preventing transmission.
A recent study by Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz found that the Hartz IV reform had no significant impact on reducing unemployment in Germany. However, earlier reforms such as Hartz I to Hartz III were more effective in lowering unemployment rates.
A recent study published in Nutrition found that higher chocolate consumption is associated with lower total and central body fat levels in European adolescents. The researchers controlled for other factors, such as diet and physical activity, to reach this conclusion.
Researchers created a timeline of planet and atmosphere formation by studying liquid basalt under extreme pressures and temperatures. They discovered molten magma once formed an ocean within the Earth's mantle.
The European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) has published a position statement on fertility preservation, highlighting the need for informed consent and minimizing gonadotoxicity for fertility treatments in individuals of reproductive age. The statement critically appraises available options for fertility preservation in both ...
Researchers have created a new world map of land use systems, identifying 12 global archetypes that reveal the complexity of land use. The study provides new insights into the environmental impact of land use and suggests opportunities for improving agricultural yields without harming the environment.
A recent genetic study published in Scientific Reports reveals that Israel's wild boars descended from European pigs brought by the Philistines approximately 3,000 years ago. The research analyzed DNA samples from over 25 modern-day wild boars and found a dominant European genetic signature.
A new international collaboration aims to advance commercial opportunities in next-generation electronic devices by developing more accurate measurements of strain at the nano-scale. The Nanostrain project seeks to drive innovation in areas such as microelectronics, ICT, and sensors industries.
A three-year project aims to create an oral vaccine against C. difficile, which kills thousands annually. The novel approach uses harmless bacterial spores to boost immunity and targets the protein needed for the infection to take hold.
A new pocket manual for first aid teams will help improve heart attack survival rates across Europe by providing quick access to treatment protocols. The toolkit, developed by the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association, is small and easy-to-use, with illustrations showing exactly what needs to be done for patients in an emergency.
A team led by Professor Simon Keay will study 31 Roman ports across nine countries using geophysical surveys, satellite imagery, and ancient texts. The project aims to gather knowledge about how these ports integrated into vast trading networks across the Roman Empire.
A new study suggests that melting Arctic sea ice causes a shift in the jet stream, leading to increased rain in northwest Europe during summers. The research also finds that Mediterranean regions will receive less rain, with potential effects on weather patterns as far as North America.
Researchers analyzed teeth of mice and rats using X-ray beams to study evolutionary processes that led to their characteristic feature. The team identified two key moments in the acquisition of this apparatus, dating back 16 million years.
A recent study published in the Lancet found that young obese women with metabolic disorders are at a higher risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol, which can increase their likelihood of having a stroke. In contrast, young women who are overweight or obese without metabolic disorders do not have an incr...
A Cornell professor outlines a path to achieving a European standard of living for the world's population, driven by growth in renewable energy sources. The proposed solution requires significant energy production, with a focus on nuclear power, to meet the 'Grand Challenge' of global prosperity.
Stroke cases among young and middle-aged people have increased by 25% over the last 20 years, with the total number projected to double by 2030. The global burden of stroke is expected to more than double worldwide due to rising disability and premature death.
A study published in the Journal of Contemporary Religion found that Danes aged 50-76 show increased support for Christian faith and spirituality. The research contradicts the idea that Western societies are increasingly individualizing their religious practices.
A new consensus report highlights massive underdiagnosis and undertreatment of hereditary high blood cholesterol in virtually all countries, with the exception of Netherlands and Norway. Easy to diagnose through a blood test and family history, the condition can be treated with statins and a low-cholesterol diet.
The EU has launched a project called WE-CARE, which aims to create a strategic plan for reducing healthcare costs in Europe. The project will be coordinated by the University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care and involves several European research institutes, businesses, and non-profit organizations.
An international team of scientists has provided proof of Heisenberg's error-disturbance relation, describing a reciprocal relation between position accuracy and momentum disturbance. The work has important implications for quantum cryptography and computing, reaffirming the security of quantum-encrypted messages.
Researchers from Europe focus on conceptual issues, multigenerational perspectives and cross-cultural approaches to understand intergenerational relations. The book highlights new questions arising from the economic crisis, such as resource distribution and investment in education and healthcare.
Fragility fractures in the EU are estimated to occur annually at 3.5 million, resulting in a healthcare cost of €37 billion, which is expected to rise to €45 billion in 2025. The report calls for prevention and treatment guidelines to address this growing concern.
The Graphene Flagship aims to take graphene from academic labs to society, revolutionizing multiple industries and creating economic growth. The initiative includes 75 partners in 17 European countries, focusing on ICT, energy technology, and sensors.
A large European study found that exposure to even low levels of air pollution during pregnancy increases the risk of lower birthweight babies. The study estimated that reducing PM2.5 levels could prevent up to 22% of cases of low birthweight.
Research from Athens, Greece found that psychological interventions reduced mortality and cardiovascular events by 55% after 2 years or more in patients with coronary heart disease. The addition of psychological support improved patient outcomes by providing information, reassurance, and stress management techniques.
Research finds that system delay in treating STEMI patients leads to postponed return to work and earlier retirement. A study of 4,061 patients under 67 years old found that those with longer system delays returned to work later and retired earlier.
A recent study reconstructed the first detailed genetic history of modern-day Europeans using ancient DNA from 364 prehistoric skeletons. The research found dramatic population changes with waves of migration from Western and Eastern Europe, contradicting previous assumptions about the Near East's role in shaping European genetics.
Researchers found that ancient hunter-gatherers in Central Europe coexisted with immigrant farmers for over 2,000 years. Genetic analysis reveals a specialized diet of fish and other seafood among the hunter-gatherers until their way of life died out around 5,000 years ago.
Researchers found that hunter-gatherers and farmers coexisted in Central Europe for at least 2,000 years, with genetic evidence showing that the two groups intermarried. The study suggests that the traditional narrative of the European hunter-gatherers' disappearance soon after farming arrived is incorrect.
The study found that the region now known as Germany experienced at least four significant migrations and settlements between 5500 B.C. and 1500 B.C., resulting in marked genetic shifts across several millennia. This complex dynamics helped shape the present-day genetic patterns in Europe.
A recent study presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress found that current antihypertensive treatment guidelines can be highly successful in controlling blood pressure. However, more than 40% of Chinese people with hypertension are unaware of their condition, and about 50% are not receiving medication for it.
Archaeogenetics research finds Ashkenazi lineages closely related to southern and western European DNA, indicating early adoption of Judaism from amongst the local population.
Research presented at the Acute Cardiac Care Congress 2013 found a significant association between air pollution levels and admission for acute cardiovascular events. The study also showed that older people and men were more susceptible to arrhythmias and acute coronary syndromes at increasing levels of air pollution.
Adults with ADHD frequently experience significant psychosocial impairments due to persistent symptoms. Current guidelines recommend a multimodal treatment approach, including pharmacotherapy, psycho-education, and occupational rehabilitation.
Researchers found that epigenetic changes in the brain are associated with Alzheimer's disease, offering potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation increased with age, correlating with AD pathology.
The invasive zebra mussel is unaffected by blue-green algae toxins, which may be harming native Unio mussels. This resilience allows the zebra mussel to outcompete and dominate freshwater ecosystems, posing significant costs to industries.
A pilot study reveals large variations in patient survival rates after surgery for oesophageal and gastric cancers across European countries. The new European Upper GI Cancer Audit aims to identify key factors contributing to these differences.
A new study aims to investigate the potential of exercise in treating and preventing heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFPEF). The OptimEx study will examine the effects of different exercise protocols on HFPEF, including their impact on pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical outcomes.
A new report from ECCO highlights the growing burden of cancer worldwide, with India, China, and Nigeria expected to see dramatic increases in cases due to population growth and lifestyle changes. The report calls for a major public-private partnership to improve cancer care and outcomes globally.
The European Society for Medical Oncology emphasizes the need for new testing methods to ensure patients benefit from personalized cancer treatments. Researchers are working on developing new approaches to analyze tumour characteristics and select targeted therapies.
A study of 4846 patients treated with ipilimumab reveals that some can survive for up to 10 years, with a plateau in overall survival starting around three years. This finding provides valuable insight into the long-term efficacy of the treatment and its potential as a benchmark for future medicines.
A recent study found that colorectal cancer screening programs in European countries have a significant impact on reducing mortality rates. The researchers analyzed data from 11 European countries and found that the scope and take-up of CRC screening activities were strongly related to the reductions in death rates.
Research finds that increased government spending on health care is associated with decreased cancer mortality rates in Europe. Eastern European countries tend to have higher mortality rates, while Western Europe has better outcomes due to effective screening programs and treatments.
The EASE-R3 project aims to increase the longevity of CNC machine tools by developing new and cost-effective systems for repair, renovation, and re-use. The University of Huddersfield team will lead the design and prototype production of a compact module incorporating laser technology to ensure accuracy during renovation.
A meta-analysis of over 11,000 patients showed that hyperfractionated radiotherapy (AFRT) reduces the risk of death by 8% compared to standard fractionation radiotherapy (SFRT). AFRT also improves locoregional control, with a significant increase in five-year survival rates.
Researchers found that as European songbirds colonized islands, their songs became less structured. The study suggests a genetic component to the loss of syntax, and may be due to the effects of small population sizes on cultural transmission.
A new consortium led by the Sabin Vaccine Institute is conducting clinical trials of a human hookworm vaccine in Gabon. The vaccine has the potential to dramatically improve health, economic, and social landscapes in countries with high burdens of hookworm disease.
A new study highlights the essential role of cardiologists in addressing cerebrovascular disease, a leading cause of death in Rio de Janeiro. The research emphasizes the need for improved access to healthcare, patient education, and awareness about risk factors, such as hypertension.
Research by Dr Norman Mangner found that obese children exhibit early stages of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, increasing their risk of cardiovascular disease. Adopting a healthy lifestyle from childhood is essential to prevent these conditions and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Researchers at UC Davis have found evidence that Neandertals, not modern humans, made the first specialized bone tools in Europe. The discoveries were made by undergraduate student Naomi Martisius and her adviser Teresa E. Steele, who identified the tools as part of a decade-long excavation project.
The ESMO Designated Centres programme has seen a significant increase in new applications, with 37 successful new entrants in 2013. The programme aims to promote integrated oncology and palliative care services for cancer patients and has been highly successful, with over 160 centres recognized globally.
The study found a marked rise in male suicide following the 2008 global economic crisis, with an estimated 5000 excess suicides in 2009. The impact varied by age, country, and employment change, with rises seen in males aged 15-24 and 45-64 in Europe and America.