Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A burst of protons from the Sun in 1859 caused unprecedented ozone destruction, with energy released six times larger than a 1989 solar flare. Simultaneously, research suggests that ancient Farallon plate movement may have triggered massive earthquakes in the central US, shedding light on seismic hazards.
Dr. YiJin Ren is recognized for her groundbreaking research on tooth movement mechanisms and cytokine profiles during orthodontic treatment. She has published over 40 papers and received several awards, including the 'Outstanding Young Scientist Award' from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.
The report emphasizes the need for life cycle assessments to ensure sustainable nanotechnology commercialization, citing limited data on nanomaterial toxicity and environmental impacts. LCA can still be useful, but uncertainties must be clearly stated to address critical unknowns.
The collaboration aims to broaden the scientific basis for targeted cancer therapies, combining expertise from NDDO, ESMO, and NCI. The partnership will further accelerate early-phase clinical trials and translational research, strengthening ties between European and US cancer research communities.
Researchers found that goalkeepers stood marginally left or right of the goal centre 96% of the time. Penalty takers were more likely to direct the football to the side with more space, suggesting a possible strategy for goalkeepers to influence penalty kick direction.
Research reveals significant differences in gene expression between individuals and populations, with individual-level factors dominating variations. This study challenges the notion of biological races, highlighting the importance of understanding human genetic variation for better disease treatment and drug development.
Two promising blood cancer researchers, Giovanni Roti and Marta Crespo, will each receive $75,000 to fund their research in the US. The EHA-ASH International Fellowship Award aims to build stronger ties between European and North American scientific communities.
Exercise testing can diagnose chronic conditions and measure treatment responses, according to a new task force report. The findings suggest that clinical exercise testing can be a powerful tool for clinicians to evaluate interventions and improve patient outcomes.
Scientists at UCL and Mainz University found that the gene controlling milk digestion was missing from Neolithic skeletons. However, through exposure to milk, lactose tolerance evolved extremely rapidly in European populations. Today, over ninety percent of northern Europeans can digest milk.
A UVM study reveals that reed canarygrass's invasive power comes from its history of multiple introductions and interbreeding with European strains, allowing it to adapt quickly to new conditions. This phenomenon has significant implications for the potential invasiveness of other horticultural and agricultural plants.
The European Union has launched the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008, a massive scientific undertaking that brings together 50,000 people from over 60 nations to study the Earth's polar regions. The IPY aims to deepen international partnerships and create trust through political and scientific dialogue.
A special section in The Lancet examines the intersections between medicine and society, highlighting the impact of direct-to-consumer drug advertising on patients' expectations and doctors' professional clout. The essays explore how pharmaceutical ads create new societal perceptions of disease, normalcy, and wellness.
A new European satellite project, Polar View, is contributing to the International Polar Year by offering real-time monitoring of polar regions. The project provides comprehensive services to over 40 international users, including government agencies and commercial interests, to help guide responses to environmental and human pressures.
A team of researchers, led by Alyson Thibodeau and David J. Killick, used physical sciences techniques to analyze archaeological artifacts at the La Isabela settlement. They found that the silver-bearing ore brought from Spain was extracted using an improvised smelting process, contradicting earlier historical accounts.
A team of climate scientists will measure the influence of Greenland's atmosphere on Northern European weather, aiming to improve forecast accuracy. The research will also fill gaps in existing climate change models, enhancing long-term predictions.
A recent study found that American adults have a limited understanding of scientific principles, with only 28% qualifying as scientifically literate. This is attributed to various factors, including the lack of general science courses in high schools and the reliance on informal science education resources.
The Altran Innovation Conference focused on technology challenges, with industry experts discussing the need for improved researcher incentives and increased investment in R&D. Innovations showcased included solar-powered technologies, drone capabilities, and sustainable energy solutions.
The MOSAR project aims to control and study antimicrobial resistance in hospitals, with a focus on four types of microorganisms. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic participates in the network, led by INSERM, and has expertise in bacteriology and public health.
The European Union's changed policy will negatively affect dairy farmers' income, especially small farms, leading to a decrease in the number of farms. This will result in the disappearance of many small farms, allowing remaining farms to expand and increase production.
A study found that Americans have a lower understanding of science and evolution compared to Europeans, with only 40% accepting the concept of evolution. This is largely attributed to religion and politics playing a significant role in shaping Americans' views on the subject.
Scientists have found that nifedipine, commonly used for high blood pressure, can reverse iron overload in mouse models and may treat similar conditions in humans. The compound helps mobilize iron from stores in the liver and enhances its excretion into the urine.
An international consortium, led by Professor Dominique Gauguier, aims to understand the complex causes of coronary artery disease (CAD) and develop effective treatments. The project will use advanced genomics techniques to identify biomarkers for predicting CAD risk factors, offering insights into disease diagnosis and prevention.
The new guidelines emphasize the importance of treating both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases simultaneously. The guidelines recommend using stress testing and echocardiography to confirm a diagnosis of valvular heart disease, and emphasize the need for precise risk stratification before treatment decisions are made.
A new report by the European Society for Medical Oncology warns that Europe's aging population is driving a major increase in cancer cases and deaths. The report estimates that there were 3.2 million new cancer cases diagnosed in 2006, with lung cancer remaining the leading cause of death.
An observational study published in The Lancet found that thrombolytic drug alteplase is safe and effective in routine clinical use when used within 3 hours of stroke onset. This suggests that intravenous treatment with alteplase could be considered as part of routine care for suitable stroke patients.
US physicians tend to start treatment sooner and are more aggressive in controlling blood pressure, with 63% of patients having their blood pressure under control. However, vast room for improvement exists, with less than two-thirds of patients reaching guideline-set goals.
A mathematical model predicts that international cooperation on sharing antiviral drugs is key to slowing down the spread of a bird flu pandemic. The 'reproductive number' of the virus plays a critical role in determining its potential for global spread.
Individuals with diagnosed hypertension in the US have lower blood pressure readings and better control compared to those in five Western European countries. The study found that treatment thresholds are more aggressive in the US, resulting in higher rates of hypertension control.
A 35,000-year-old European skull found in Romania has been analyzed, revealing that it exhibits both modern and archaic features. The discovery supports the idea of human evolution and suggests that early modern humans interbred with Neanderthals.
A 40,000-year-old skull found in Romania shows both modern human and Neandertal characteristics, indicating complex population dynamics as humans spread into Europe. The skull, named Oase 2, has a mix of archaic and derived features, raising questions about the evolutionary history of modern humans.
The discovery suggests that modern humans migrated out of Africa and occupied parts of eastern Europe as early as 45,000 years ago. The findings are based on the analysis of stone tools, beadwork, and other artifacts found at the Kostenki site in Russia.
A new study reveals that modern humans first arrived in Europe around 45,000 years ago, with evidence of stone, bone and ivory tools found in Russia. The discovery includes a carved piece of mammoth ivory believed to be the oldest figurative art ever discovered.
A study published in the European Heart Journal found that adding milk to black tea completely negates its ability to relax and expand blood vessels. The researchers suggest that tea drinkers consider omitting milk from their beverage some of the time.
Researchers found that adding milk to tea completely blunts its cardiovascular benefits, which can lead to a higher risk of heart disease. The study suggests that tea drinkers who add milk regularly should consider omitting it some of the time to maximize their health benefits.
A consortium of seven institutions led by the University of Helsinki will receive €2 million funding from the European Commission to develop a new therapy for cancer. The Apotherapy project aims to activate the protein CD40, which can stop tumor growth and induce the body's natural defenses against cancer cells.
The Turiasaurus riodevensis is the largest known Sauropod dinosaur found in Europe, weighing between 40-48 tons and measuring up to 37 meters long. Researchers found numerous fossils, including a large humerus and claw, at the Barrihonda-El Humero site in Teruel, Spain.
Researchers analyzed 43,000-year-old Neanderthal remains at El Sidrón in Spain, revealing significant north-south variations in facial shape. The study suggests that Southern-European Neanderthals had broader faces with increased lower facial heights.
The Corot space mission is scheduled to launch on December 27, 2006, and will detect planets orbiting around other stars. The mission will also probe the secrets of stellar interiors, potentially discovering rocky worlds similar to Earth.
A study found that TV viewing and low physical activity are associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases in children. However, physical activity was inversely related to blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and overall risk score. Preventive action may need to target both TV viewing and physical activity separately.
Research reveals that four subspecies of honey bees originated in Africa before migrating to Europe. The study contradicts long-held beliefs about the honey bee's Asian origins.
Researchers found that consuming olive oil significantly reduced oxidative damage and waste by-products in Northern European subjects. The study suggests that olive oil's phenols and other compounds have anti-cancer effects, supporting its inclusion as a healthy food.
The EMBO Installation Grants scheme aims to strengthen science in selected member states by supporting talented life scientists in setting up their research groups. The grantees will receive 50,000 euro annually for three to five years, with networking opportunities through the EMBO Young Investigator network.
Thousands of statin users worldwide are suffering preventable heart attacks due to sub-optimal use or low doses. Researchers found that only 20% of low-dose users experienced significant risk reduction compared to high-dose users.
Research on great tit birds in urban environments found that city songs are shorter, sung faster, and have a higher frequency to overcome noise, while forest songs remain intact. This study supports the acoustic-adaptation hypothesis, suggesting that environmental pressures shape animal communication sounds.
The IDIBAPS project has validated the first prognostic DNA chip, called the IBDchip, which predicts inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prognosis and treatment response. The chip is a simple device requiring only a small blood sample and can detect 61 genetic mutations.
Primary Care Diabetes is an influential new journal launched in February 2007, covering clinical care, education, nutrition, health services, and psychosocial research related to diabetes. The journal aims to promote the implementation of evidence-based diabetes practices in primary care settings.
A study found that England's national teenage pregnancy strategy has been successful in reducing the number of under-18s conceiving and having babies, with a 3.2% drop in conception rates between 1998 and 2003. The decline was more pronounced in areas with targeted resources and lower educational achievement.
The UK's national teenage pregnancy strategy has led to a steady decline in the number of under-18 conceptions and births, with a drop of about 3.2% between 1998 and 2003. The decline was greater in areas with more targeted resources and in rural and deprived areas.
A powerful analysis reveals that only one-third of high-risk populations in Europe receive seasonal influenza vaccine, resulting in avoidable morbidity and mortality. Implementing EU vaccination recommendations could reduce the number of cases of death and illness from influenza, as well as contribute to flu pandemic preparedness.
A joint European effort, EPICA, reveals a direct connection between Arctic and Antarctic climates through 'bipolar seesaw', driven by Atlantic Ocean currents. This finding has significant implications for global warming research.
Researchers from France and Italy used synchrotron light to investigate the mysterious darkening of ancient Pompeii wall paintings, discovering chemical reactions involving chlorine, mercury, and calcite. The study provides new insights for conservators and preservation of Roman archaeological sites.
The US has failed to promote effective family planning policies due to the Bush administration's inaction. Europe may need to take a lead in revitalizing global commitment to family planning, as population growth poses a greater threat to development than HIV/AIDS in many poor countries.
A study on 776 patients with angioedema without urticaria reported a practical approach to differential diagnosis. The European approach to diagnosis and management of angioedema is encouraged for its effectiveness.
A recent study highlights the need for increased female representation in clinical drug trials, as acknowledged gender differences in treatment effectiveness have not been adequately addressed. The European Medicines Agency's policies have been criticized for failing to develop gender-specific guidelines or strategies.
New data reinforce the safety profile of ENBREL, confirming its efficacy for up to 2.5 years with no significant increase in adverse events. The study also shows that patients who experience interruption in treatment can regain similar positive efficacy results after re-initiating therapy.
The European Union should make vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) mandatory for all girls aged 11-12 years to prevent cervical cancer. The vaccine offers protection against HPV types 16 and 18, responsible for 70% of all cervical cancers.
Historian Simon Burrows disputes popular narrative that Queen's love life sparked revolution, citing evidence of scandalous pamphlets appearing after its start. The queen was unfairly maligned with lavish spending and plotting against the revolution, while sex allegations were baseless.
The 3rd European Young Investigator Award (EURYI) ceremony honors 25 young researchers from across Europe for their groundbreaking research. The awardees will receive a diploma and €1.25 million in project funding to turn their scientific ideas into reality.
A study by University College London archaeologists found that the humble shoelace tags were more valuable to indigenous Cubans than gold, suggesting a significant shift in trade priorities. The discovery challenges traditional views of gold's value and highlights the importance of alternative materials in pre-Columbian societies.
A 4-year project called CONTENT is investigating the effects of gut infections on growth and development in young children in Latin America. The project aims to develop new diagnostic tools and prevention methods for gut infections, which cause significant deaths and health issues globally.