Articles tagged with Hiv Research
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An international team of researchers suggests that people at high risk of contracting HIV should take daily antiretroviral medication as a preventative measure. This approach, known as PrEP, has been shown promise in clinical trials and is seen as a crucial strategy to combat the ongoing pandemic.
Researchers find that HIV in the temporal lobe mutates rapidly, triggering an immune response that causes dementia. The study suggests targeting infected white blood cells could lead to new treatments for HIV-related brain damage, affecting up to 15% of infected individuals worldwide.
Key findings highlight the importance of early community involvement, clear communication, and local infrastructure development in HIV pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis research. The commentary advocates for partnerships between sponsors, investigators, communities, and governments to build trust and achieve successful research outcomes.
Researchers found that POZ parties in New York City attracted predominantly white, over-30 men with varying lengths of HIV infection. The parties' mix of unprotected sex and multiple partners raises concerns about the spread of treatment-resistant strains of HIV.
The prevalence of unprotected anal sex with casual partners increased by 10% between 1996 and 2002, with rates higher among those who were less optimistic about HIV treatment. Renewed national efforts are needed to counteract 'prevention fatigue' and promote effective HIV prevention strategies.
Researchers at UGA College of Veterinary Medicine have identified a new way to combat viral diseases by blocking a protein that helps transport viruses out of cells. This approach, targeting the host gene Rab9, shows promise in preventing the replication of four different viruses: Marburg, Ebola, HIV-1, and measles.
Researchers have discovered an unexpected connection between the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and HIV, which may lead to the development of a new HIV vaccine. FIV, also known as feline AIDS, has been used in animal studies to model human AIDS, but this study found that a core protein from HIV also protects cats against FIV.
A new study confirms that APOBEC-3G edits the HIV genetic code, preventing viral reproduction. Higher levels of A3G are associated with lower HIV viral levels and higher CD4 T cell counts in patients. This discovery holds promise for a novel approach to fight HIV.
A study examining media reports on the closure of HIV drug trials in Cambodia and Cameroon found that many articles failed to identify primary sources or provided inaccurate information. The researchers stress that both the media and trial organisers have a responsibility to provide accurate information during periods of controversy.
Researchers found chimpanzees learn by observation and adopt traditions through ape-to-ape transmission. Chimpanzee groups conform to established norms, even when alternative methods exist, suggesting an ancient origin for cultural conformity in non-human primates.
A new approach using valproic acid has shown promise in reducing latent HIV infection by 75% in three out of four patients. The researchers suggest that a staged treatment process, starting with standard antiretroviral regimens and then targeting latent viral infection with HDAC inhibitors, could lead to the cure of HIV.
A telephone survey of over 3,500 US adults found conflicting attitudes towards HIV vaccine research. The survey revealed that some groups have misconceptions about vaccines and the importance of diverse participation in clinical trials.
Researchers criticize activist groups for derailing PREP trials, citing concerns about drug's efficacy and safety. The pause in trials may hinder development of female-controlled prevention technologies.
CHAVI will focus on solving key questions about HIV interactions with the body and designing improved vaccines. The center will also evaluate promising candidates in small-scale clinical trials.
The NIAID-funded CHAVI center will focus on understanding early stages of HIV infection, developing new research tools, and designing improved HIV vaccines. The center aims to accelerate the development of a safe and effective preventive vaccine for HIV/AIDS through collaborative research.
Rates of HIV-1 infections are growing rapidly in Moscow, with the epidemic spreading beyond high-risk groups to heterosexual populations. The study highlights the urgent need for intervention, such as screening and health education, particularly among women and young people at risk.
Two studies found that nevirapine-associated resistance emerges in at least 65% of women after single-dose therapy, with conventional tests missing up to one-third of cases. Resistance rates vary by HIV-1 subtype, with subtype C showing higher mutation frequencies.
Researchers identified seven non-B HIV-1 subtypes among African-born patients in Minnesota, contradicting the assumption of subtype B prevalence. The study suggests that implementing HIV subtype surveillance in states with larger immigrant populations is essential for public health.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism of resistance to CMV, involving the interaction between two genes that flag infected cells for destruction and allow Natural Killer cells to recognize and terminate them. This discovery increases the likelihood of therapies being developed to fight CMV.
Research shows that early institution of ART therapy can delay and decrease HIV progression in perinatal HIV infection. Untreated children are more likely to progress, but very early mono/dual ART initiation by age 2 months offers improved survival rates.
CONRAD will conduct two Phase III clinical trials in India and four African countries to test a vaginal microbicide candidate, Ushercell, developed by CONRAD in collaboration with Polydex Pharmaceuticals. The goal is to determine its effectiveness in preventing HIV transmission.
A new study found no association between hormonal contraceptive use and changes in CD4+ cell count or viral load suppression after initiating HAART. Continuous HAART use significantly improved HIV disease progression outcomes, with increased CD4+ counts and undetectable viral loads.
Researchers found that minocycline reduced brain cell damage, inflammation, and virus levels in SIV-infected monkeys, a potential breakthrough for treating HIV-related cognitive impairment. The antibiotic was able to calm down undefined biological pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
The study found that the risk of HIV transmission is highest during early infection, with an average rate of 8.2 per 1000 coital acts, compared to 0.7-1.5 during established infection. The rate rose again late in infection, highlighting the need for targeted prevention efforts.
Research found that moderate aerobic exercise significantly improves cardiovascular and autonomic profiles in HIV+ subjects, compared to those without HIV. The study suggests that exercise may be a cost-effective supplemental therapy for HIV patients.
A study found that malt liquor drinkers are more likely to be homeless, unemployed, and drink heavily, with higher blood alcohol levels and aggressive behavior associated with MLB consumption. The researchers also noted that MLBs are often targeted towards lower-income, minority communities, making them a concern for public health.
A recent Emory University study found that HIV infection is not an independent risk factor for severe heart disease in patients who undergo cardiac catheterization. Lifestyle and traditional cardiac risk factors, such as hypertension and high cholesterol levels, play a larger role in the development of CAD.
A recent study found that youth with HIV who were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) between 1999 and 2000 reported having more sexual partners, unprotected sex, and drug use compared to those treated before 1996. The researchers suggest targeted interventions are needed to address these risk behaviors.
Researchers analyzed viral RNA from 39 couples in a long-term HIV study to identify variations of the virus that were transmitted during sex. The findings showed distinct patterns in HIV-1 variant diversity for male-to-female versus female-to-male transmission.
Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute have identified an antibody called 4E10 that can neutralize nearly 100 different HIV strains. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a more effective HIV vaccine by targeting this specific epitope.
Researchers analyzed data from a three-year study in rural Zimbabwe and found no correlation between contaminated needle use and increased HIV transmission. The study collected data from over 1,800 participants and excluded injections as a major transmission route.
The Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS and the American Association for the Advancement of Science are promoting global health partnerships to accelerate HIV/AIDS vaccine research. Collaborations between governments, industry, and multilateral organizations can make a substantial difference in advancing vaccine development.
A recent study found that gay men did not engage in increased sexual risk-taking during an HIV vaccine trial. The study, led by Dr. Tom Lampinen, revealed that the biggest risk for new infection was among minority gay men who had unsafe sex with partners whose HIV status they didn't know.
A large-scale trial is underway to test two topical microbicides, PRO 2000 and BufferGel, for preventing HIV and other STIs. The study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of these microbicides, which could provide a valuable woman-controlled means of slowing the pace of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
A Stanford study found that early HIV screening reduces annual transmission by 21% and lengthens life by 1.5 years for those with HIV infection. Routine screenings are cost-effective compared to other commonly accepted programs, suggesting expanded HIV counseling, testing, and referral in the US.
A recent HIV vaccine trial found that the vaccine was ineffective in preventing infection, with only a slight increase in efficacy observed among high-risk and non-white groups. The study's results suggest that future vaccines should be tested in diverse populations to better understand their effectiveness.
A new nanoscale diagnostic technique has been developed to detect possible traces of Alzheimer's disease in cerebrospinal fluid. The procedure uses magnetic and DNA particles to identify biomarkers, which could lead to early diagnosis and effective treatment if proven successful.
The trial aims to test whether a vaccine stimulates cellular immunity to prevent or control HIV infection. The study will enroll healthy, HIV-negative volunteers from at-risk populations and gather data on the potential efficacy of the vaccine.
The Global HIV/AIDS Vaccine Enterprise has launched a scientific strategic plan to address major roadblocks in HIV vaccine development and proposes an innovative collaborative model for researchers worldwide. The plan aims to harness new opportunities, including an expanded pipeline of HIV vaccine candidates and improved animal models.
A study has identified a genetic factor that determines an individual's susceptibility to HIV/AIDS. The research found that people with fewer copies of the CCL3L1 gene are more likely to contract HIV and experience rapid disease progression, while those with more copies are less prone to infection.
The invention uses protein-DNA chimeras to detect and count small numbers of molecules, offering exquisite sensitivity and dynamic range. Methods based on these molecules are designed to work with existing PCR machines, making them useful for human disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and pathogen detection.
A large retrospective study found that tuberculosis incidence doubled within the first year of HIV infection and increased four-fold after two years. The study's unique setting, including a high incidence of tuberculosis among miners and access to free healthcare, facilitated the research.
Researchers found that particular versions of HLA-B molecules make a significant difference in how well the immune system responds against HIV. The study's results illuminate evolutionary interaction between virus and human immune system, providing new insights for developing an effective vaccine.
Researchers discovered that specific HLA-B alleles generate stronger immune responses against HIV, influencing viral load and immune system health. The findings have significant implications for vaccine development to combat the AIDS epidemic.
Research from the Women's Interagency HIV Study found that HIV-infected women with low platelet counts had a five-fold increased risk of dying due to any cause. The study also revealed that highly active antiretroviral therapy, such as HAART containing zidovudine, can boost platelet counts back to normal.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is revamping its HIV/AIDS clinical trials networks with a new leadership structure. The network will focus on six priority research areas, including vaccine development and prevention strategies, to address the global burden of HIV/AIDS.
A randomized trial found that daily doses of cheap antibiotic co-trimoxazole nearly halved the mortality rate compared to placebo among HIV-infected children in Zambia. The study suggests that all children with clinical features of HIV infection in Africa should receive co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, regardless of age or CD4 count.
Researchers at GlaxoSmithKline have been awarded grants to develop new treatments for HIV/AIDS. Dr. Yaoxing Huang's work focuses on designing a protein that can block all three steps of the viral entry process, while Olaf Kutsch aims to identify potential inhibitors of HIV transcription using a novel screening system.
The Gerontological Society of America has conferred the 2004 Nathan Shock New Investigator Award to Dr. Marciniak for his pioneering work in gene regulation by the AIDS virus HIV. His research expertise bridges two critical areas, aging and cancer, making him a prime example of a geriatric oncologist.
A study found that African-American patients treated by white doctors receive HIV medications nearly four months later than those treated by African-American doctors. Better communication and trust between patient and doctor of the same race may explain these differences.
The seven-year contract will target non-HIV STIs and include microbicides, vaccines, STI treatments and diagnostic products. Students from international partners can participate in a yearlong program at UCSF for certification and mentoring.
Researchers successfully targeted the key HIV protein Nef using small molecules, disrupting its interaction with other proteins. This breakthrough may lead to new drug therapies with improved treatment options.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that using visual aids significantly improved pregnant women's understanding of HIV study information. The researchers suggest that the current informed consent process is inadequate and should be revised to effectively communicate information.
A study suggests that aging HIV patients are at risk of developing dementia due to the accumulation of amyloid beta in their brains. Researchers found a correlation between years of infection and increased amyloid beta levels, suggesting that good clinical control of plasma HIV may not be enough to prevent related pathologies.
The Yale team will conduct research on implementing structural interventions among high-risk groups in southern India, aiming to reduce HIV transmission and promote healthier behavior. The project, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, aims to address social, economic, and normative factors that contribute to HIV risk.
A recent study found that HIV clinicians with fatalistic attitudes are less likely to provide prevention counseling to HIV-positive patients. The study surveyed 618 patients and found a correlation between provider fatalism and reduced reporting of prevention services.
A mobile testing van was introduced in Zimbabwe's Epworth and Seke areas, offering free rapid HIV tests with same-day results. The initiative reduced structural barriers by providing convenient access to testing and increased acceptance of rapid tests due to same-day results.
A recent study by researchers at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology investigated potential superinfection involving variations within HIV-1B. The findings, presented at the XV International AIDS Conference, suggest that superinfection may be restricted to a short window period after seroconversion.
In a study published in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, researchers found that African participants took on average 91-94% of prescribed HIV medications. The study, which followed 34 participants over 12 weeks, used multiple adherence measures and observed high rates of viral suppression.
Researchers found six HIV patients who started treatment early became test-negative for the virus. The study suggests that reducing HIV to low levels can help boost the immune system's response to the virus.