Articles tagged with Hiv Research
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Researchers found that HIV reduced population growth in worst-affected areas by two-thirds, but the overall population continues to grow, with a higher crude death rate and lower birth rate in the presence of HIV.
A new study found that 1 in 20 North Carolina men who have sex with men reported using crystal methamphetamine, increasing the risk of spreading HIV and other STDs. Meth use is associated with inconsistent condom use, STD infection, HIV positivity, and erectile dysfunction treatment.
A comprehensive survey found that most older adults (57-85) are sexually active and view intimacy as crucial to life, but face high rates of 'bothersome' sexual problems. Healthier individuals report more frequent sex, with physical health playing a stronger role than age.
Leading researchers from IAVI, CDC and USMHRP presented final results of independent studies reexamining medical criteria for African volunteers in AIDS vaccine trials. The findings suggest that many healthy Africans have been excluded due to laboratory reference ranges developed for Western populations.
Researchers found that heavy alcohol consumption is associated with lower CD4 cell counts and faster HIV disease progression in HIV-infected persons who are not on antiretroviral therapy. The study suggests that abstaining from alcohol use may decrease the risk of disease progression for these individuals.
A study found that fat on the chest and upper back is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance, a condition that can lead to type 2 diabetes. The researchers also discovered that each type of fat contributes independently to insulin resistance, regardless of its presence.
Dr. Daniel Malamud leads a five-year research collective to study host defense molecules and bacterial factors in HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy. The project aims to define the interactions between these molecules and bacteria, with potential applications for designing better anti-HIV drugs and vaccines.
A Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health study documents high rates of HIV infection among young Nepalese girls trafficked to India, with 60.6% infected among those trafficked prior to age 15. The study highlights the dire health consequences of sex trafficking and the need for improved prevention measures.
Research suggests that tonsils may facilitate oral HIV transmission through their unique gene expression profiles, which include higher levels of immune function-related genes and lower levels of antiviral proteins. This makes the tonsil tissue more permeable to pathogens, increasing its vulnerability to infection.
A clinical trial by NIAID suggests that early antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected infants can significantly improve survival rates. The study found that children treated before three months of age had a better prognosis than those whose treatment was delayed, leading to a potential change in standard care worldwide.
Researchers identified three gene variants linked to HIV control and progression, providing new targets for therapies and vaccines. The study's findings could lead to improved treatments and more effective immune responses against the virus.
The CRESIB has launched a research programme on malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, aiming to better understand the disease and develop new control tools. The international consortium will bring together leading researchers from around the world to promote global efforts in P.vivax research.
The new publication provides up-to-date recommendations for clinicians treating patients with both HIV and TB, emphasizing the urgent challenge of integrating these two complex diseases. Key articles focus on treatment options, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies, highlighting the need for closer collaboration between experts.
A clinical trial involving 5,045 women in South Africa and Zimbabwe found no statistical difference in the rate of new HIV infections between those who used a diaphragm with lubricant and male condoms versus only male condoms. The study found an overall HIV incidence rate of 4.0 percent, with no additional protective benefit from addin...
Researchers found that each doubling of a program's scale can reduce costs by around a third, making it a cost-effective strategy to prevent more HIV infections. Larger prevention programs use money more efficiently than smaller ones, with some large programs being ten times more efficient.
A recent study published in BMC Health Services Research found that larger HIV prevention programs in low and middle-income countries can reduce unit costs of prevention services by up to a third. By rapidly scaling up well-run existing programs, the study suggests that more HIV infections may be averted.
A new vaginal microbicide, VivaGel, is being tested in a clinical safety trial among sexually active young women to determine its safety and acceptability. The study aims to assess the product's effectiveness in preventing HIV transmission and gather information on user experience.
Scientists have discovered how the HIV virus evades the human immune system, revealing a predictable pattern of mutations that can inform the design of an effective vaccine. The study's findings hold tremendous promise for global HIV efforts and could complement smaller functional studies with population-based approaches.
A new UCLA AIDS Institute study found that self-monitoring by HIV-positive patients is an effective strategy to reduce high-risk behavior. By answering questions about their sexual behavior, patients reflected on their own behavior and changed their actions.
The International AIDS Society conference in Sydney drew a record number of 5,000 delegates and featured a new biomedical prevention track, reflecting increasing interest in microbicides and other innovative approaches.
Researchers discovered two human antibodies that can neutralize different strains of the SARS virus, which caused outbreaks in humans in 2002-2003. The antibodies were tested in lab assays and mouse models, showing potent neutralization of the virus.
amfAR is funding research projects to better understand the social and biological factors that influence HIV treatment. Studies will explore the potential benefits of maraviroc, a new antiretroviral drug, and examine how stigma affects healthcare quality for people with HIV.
A study conducted in Cambodia found that directly observed therapy significantly boosted immunity and reduced drug toxicities in HIV-infected children. The method, which involves trained childcare workers administering medication twice daily, is an effective and economical way to ensure adherence.
Scientists have challenged a long-held theory about how HIV depletes white blood cells, instead proposing that the virus slowly adapts to evade the immune system. This new understanding could pave the way for new treatment approaches.
A smokeless cannabis-vaporizing device delivers the same level of active therapeutic chemical and produces the same biological effect as smoking cannabis, but without the harmful toxins. The study found that vaporization produced comparable levels of THC with minimal exposure to combustion-generated toxins.
Researchers found that HIV patients with regular medical care have better survival rates compared to those without. The study, conducted on 2,619 men with HIV, showed that patients who visited their healthcare provider at least once each quarter had significantly lower risk of dying.
Researchers at UCLA AIDS Institute found a peptide that enhances HIV infection, contradicting its normal protective function. The discovery could lead to the development of new tools for gene therapy using HIV-based vectors.
AIDS researcher Dr. Edward Johnson has received a $1.8M NIH grant to study the molecular mechanics of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a brain disease that kills four percent of AIDS patients worldwide. The research aims to understand how the JC virus causes PML, which can occur even in patients with well-managed AIDS.
Researchers explore how religious leaders and congregations respond to HIV/AIDS, with a focus on the impact on black church communities. The study aims to identify existing support groups and reveal how social networks can increase self-worth and prolong lives.
A study by Ugandan researchers found that interruptions in antiretroviral medication supply due to financial or logistical issues led to the development of drug resistance in HIV-infected patients. Despite near-perfect adherence, treatment interruptions created opportunities for resistance to develop.
The rhesus macaque genome shows 97.5 percent similarity to both chimpanzees and humans, highlighting genetic differences between primates. Researchers identified 200 genes with evidence of positive selection during evolution, which may contribute to human-specific traits.
A new MUHC-led study reveals the oral fluid-based OraQuick HIV1/2 test to be 100% accurate and a patient-preferred choice for HIV testing in rural India. The test demonstrated higher accuracy than traditional blood tests, with minimal discomfort during sample collection.
Danish researchers have shed light on how viruses, like HIV and bird flu, trick human cells into producing proteins needed for replication. They developed optical tweezers to investigate the mechanical unfolding of pseudoknots, a crucial step in virus replication.
Scientists have identified a natural mechanism by which tumors and viruses evade the immune response, leading to the development of new cancer therapies. By inhibiting an enzyme called IDO, researchers hope to restore the immune system's ability to target cancer cells. Early clinical trials are underway to test this approach.
A new study by Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University found that adolescents with psychiatric disorders were less likely to use condoms consistently if they felt stressed or anxious about it. Helping teens manage their emotions may be crucial in preventing HIV and other STIs.
The Microbicide Trials Network will conduct 17 clinical trials over seven years to determine if topical microbicides can prevent the sexual transmission of HIV in women. The network, supported by NIH, brings together international investigators and community partners to develop and evaluate microbicides.
The NIAID has selected 60 U.S. and international institutions as HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Units (CTUs) to conduct next-generation research on vaccines, prevention, and treatment. The CTUs will work together with clinical research networks to tackle critical research questions and accelerate progress against the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Two trials found HIV acquisition rates to be 53% and 51% lower in circumcised men compared to uncircumcised men in Kenya and Uganda, respectively. The Lancet published the findings on adult male circumcision as a prevention strategy for HIV.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded grants to University Hospitals Case Medical Center for expanded HIV treatment development and pioneering advances in Microbicides Trials Network. This includes immunology laboratory funding at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and clinical trial research sites in Uganda.
A trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that treating women co-infected with HSV-2 and HIV with anti-herpes treatment significantly reduced HIV levels in genital secretions and plasma. The results suggest a new approach to reducing sexual transmission of HIV from already infected individuals.
Researchers have generated an atomic-level picture of a stable HIV surface protein component that appears vulnerable to attack from the b12 antibody. This finding could help develop an HIV vaccine capable of eliciting a robust antibody response.
Researchers at Rochester Institute of Technology are developing a micropump to administer drugs and gene-based therapy treatments for auditory dysfunction. The goal is to improve treatment and cure hearing loss, surpassing the limitations of existing hearing aids and cochlear implants.
In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, patients smoking cannabis experienced a 34 percent reduction in intense foot pain associated with HIV—twice the rate experienced by patients who smoked placebo. This study provides evidence for the therapeutic value of cannabis in managing HIV-associated sensory neuropathy.
The trial will evaluate a candidate HIV vaccine on the African continent, aiming to determine its effectiveness and potential protection against different strains of HIV. The study will enroll healthy HIV-negative males and females aged 18-35, exploring how the vaccine works in a predominantly heterosexual epidemic.
The Phambili trial aims to determine the efficacy of a candidate HIV vaccine and its potential to protect against clade C subtype prevalent in South Africa. The study will enroll healthy HIV-negative men and women aged 18-35 years old.
A Phase III trial of cellulose sulfate, a topical microbicide gel, has been halted due to preliminary results indicating an increased risk of HIV infection in women. The Independent Data Monitoring Committee will conduct a review of the data to better understand the findings and determine implications for future research.
A historical analysis by Johns Hopkins researchers found that increased investment in HIV prevention programs led to a significant decline in new infections. The study suggests that increasing national investment in effective prevention services could further lower infections and save lives and dollars.
Researchers will study anal intercourse, rectal microbicides, and social networks to better understand HIV transmission. The findings will contribute to the development of prevention technologies that can be used by those engaging in anal intercourse.
A new UCLA study warns that the World Health Organization's (WHO) plan to track transmitted HIV drug resistance in Botswana may not be effective due to a high detection threshold. The researchers suggest revising the threshold to around 3 percent to detect resistance earlier and provide more accurate information on the situation in Bot...
A study published in PLoS Medicine finds that male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of HIV infection, resulting in cost savings for healthcare systems. The analysis suggests that circumcision could be a cost-effective strategy for preventing HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan countries.
A new study found that HIV-infected individuals with CD8 responses directed against the Gag protein have lower viral levels. This contradicts previous approaches focusing on broad responses against multiple viral proteins. The researchers suggest that targeting specific proteins like Gag may be more effective in controlling HIV.
A randomized controlled trial conducted in Kenya demonstrates that male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of acquiring HIV, with a 53% reduction in new infections among circumcised men. The study, funded by CIHR, provides conclusive evidence supporting the use of circumcision as an important HIV prevention strategy.
Researchers at MGH found that individuals infected with both HIV and HCV who maintain low viral levels have stronger immune responses. Early antiretroviral treatment before CD4 levels drop may be crucial to preserve HCV control in co-infected patients. The study suggests a potential strategy for improving treatment outcomes.
A large NIH-commissioned study found no evidence that hormonal contraception increases a woman's chances of becoming infected with HIV. The study followed thousands of women in Africa and compared their patterns of contraceptive use to their risk of infection with HIV, finding no statistically significant difference.
A recent study by researchers at Yale University found that routine HIV screening in virtually all health settings is cost-effective and saves lives. The study provides strong support for the US CDC guidelines recommending HIV screening of all persons aged 13-64 in all healthcare settings.
Researchers found that HIV-1 infection leads to the loss of immune cells in the gut, which may never return to normal levels. A subset of patients showed only half the normal number of CD4+ effector memory T cells in their GI tracts despite effective antiretroviral therapy.
A large HIV/AIDS treatment trial found that interrupting antiretroviral therapy more than doubles the risk of AIDS or death from any cause. The study used two levels of CD4+ T cells to guide therapy suspension and restarting, but participants receiving episodic therapy had a significantly increased risk of disease progression.
Six Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor were wrongly accused of deliberately infecting over 400 children with HIV in Libya since 1999. The Lancet calls for their immediate release due to lack of legal basis.
Researchers have created a diagnostic test that can detect viruses like influenza, HIV, and RSV in under 60 seconds using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The technique works by measuring the change in frequency of a near-infrared laser as it scatters off viral DNA or RNA.
Researchers found that adolescents with a history of arrest were more likely to engage in unprotected sex acts and use substances during sex. This increased risk was attributed to higher rates of substance abuse, mental health issues, and unfavorable attitudes towards risky behavior.