Articles tagged with Hiv Research
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Scientists have identified a critical element in HIV pathogenesis: the translational control of HIV-1 RNA in the cytoplasm. A Sam68 mutant suppresses Nef expression by sequestering nef mRNA, offering a new strategy for developing anti-HIV therapeutics.
A study published in Blood journal reveals that individuals with rare blood type Pk are more resistant to HIV infection, while those without it are more susceptible. This discovery paves the way for new therapeutic approaches to induce HIV resistance and promote further understanding of the pandemic.
Researchers have identified broad-spectrum aptamers that can treat many subtypes of HIV-1 by inhibiting reverse transciptase. These synthetic molecules can reduce viral infectivity and block the normal action of RT enzyme.
Researchers successfully blocked PD-1, boosting anti-viral killer cells and antibody response, reducing plasma viral load and prolonging survival of SIV-infected rhesus macaque monkeys. The therapy showed improved function of T cells in the blood and gut, increasing antibody production against SIV.
A UCSF study found that maternal cells enter the fetus during pregnancy, inducing regulatory T cells that enforce a state of tolerance between the fetus and mother. This discovery defines a previously-unrecognized pathway for human tolerance development.
The African AIDS Vaccine Programme (AAVP) is a network of African HIV vaccine stakeholders working towards an AIDS-free continent. The programme, established in 2000, supports and represents diverse communities involved in HIV vaccine research and development.
Researchers found a retrovirus in the DNA of a gray mouse lemur, suggesting lentiviruses may have coevolved with primates for millions of years. This discovery could lead to new insights into why non-human primates don't get AIDS and potential treatments for humans.
Three studies show that becoming circumcised reduces a man's chances of acquiring HIV from an infected woman by approximately half. The Male Circumcision Consortium will work to expand voluntary male circumcision services in Kenya and other African countries, with the goal of saving millions of lives.
A survey of researchers found that many engaged in self-censorship after public debate about NIH grant funding, removing politically sensitive language and stopping certain topics. The study also showed that some researchers strengthened their commitment to complete their research despite controversy.
A landmark clinical trial of an HIV vaccine candidate found no protection against infection, despite generating a strong immune response. The study, sponsored by Merck & Co., Inc. and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, analyzed the effects of the vaccine on study participants' immune responses and viral load.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that the MRKAd5 HIV-1 gag/pol/nef vaccine failed to provide any protection against HIV infection. However, immune responses mounted by T-cell-based vaccines alone may not be sufficient to protect against HIV infection or disease.
Researchers have found a way to 'rescue' immune cells that are exhausted from fighting off HIV infection using the molecule Tim-3, which is present at high levels on poorly functional immune system cells. Blocking the activity of Tim-3 improved cell function and allowed them to rejoin the battle against HIV.
Researchers at UCLA discovered a chemical called TAT2 that can prevent or slow telomere shortening in immune cells, potentially making it a key weapon in the fight against HIV. The study found that TAT2 treatment prolonged the ability of killer T-cells to divide and inhibited HIV production.
A new study reveals how an HIV vaccine may have enhanced infection rates by tethering the vaccine to immune cells, facilitating entry and activation of T cells. This raises concerns about the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing HIV infection.
Researchers found a 71% higher risk of death for patients who deferred treatment compared to those who started HAART earlier. The study's findings suggest that initiating therapy at an earlier stage of HIV disease may improve patient outcomes.
A new study found a correlation between anti-HIV immune response and sexual activity in treatment-suppressed HIV patients. Individuals with regular unprotected receptive anal intercourse showed stronger anti-HIV immune responses.
Researchers have identified the evolutionary origin of two genes, MDA-5 and RIG-I, which trigger the body's immune response to viral infections. These genes induce type I interferons, providing a unique mechanism for protection against viral infection.
Researchers found strong associations between markers of inflammation and coagulation and increased risk of death from non-AIDS diseases. Biomarkers IL-6 and D-dimer levels were unchanged in patients receiving continuous ART treatment, suggesting a link to intermittent ART.
A meta-analysis of 15 studies found no association between circumcision and lower risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. Circumcision may be beneficial in preventing other STIs, but its effectiveness is unclear for HIV prevention.
Researchers found that family interventions, including parental supervision and open communication, significantly reduced risky sexual behaviors among teens with mental health issues. Family involvement also showed promise in reducing HIV risk among juvenile offenders.
Researchers at Salk Institute and Burnham Institute for Medical Research have identified 295 human host cell factors involved in HIV infection. This study may lead to the development of novel therapies aimed at disrupting human-HIV interactions and preventing viral replication.
Researchers discovered that HIV-1 group M strain began spreading among humans between 1884 and 1924. The study suggests urbanization played a significant role in the pandemic's emergence. A genetic analysis revealed evidence of common ancestor around 1900, indicating an earlier origin than previously thought.
A systematic review suggests that over 40% of injecting drug users in nine countries are HIV positive, highlighting a major challenge to global public health. The authors estimate that there may be 15.9 million people worldwide who inject drugs.
A significant percentage of resident physicians reported that patient handoffs contributed to incidents resulting in patient harm. The study found that half the residents reported that problematic handoffs reduced their ability to provide complete and accurate information.
A recent study published in the Journal of Homosexuality found that internalized homonegativity, or negative attitudes towards homosexuality, is a stronger predictor of poor mental and sexual health among gay men than the act of being homosexual itself. The research suggests that positive attitudes towards homosexuality are associated ...
A study by Indiana University found that rural HIV care providers face significant stigma and discrimination, hindering their ability to provide quality care. This has important health and economic implications, highlighting inefficiencies in the public health system.
Researchers discovered that acyclovir directly suppresses HIV-1 in tissues co-infected with several herpesviruses. The activated form of acyclovir inhibits the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, necessary for viral replication. This finding holds promise for developing new anti-HIV treatments combining acyclovir with other therapies.
A recent study found that teens who did not use condoms were more likely to believe that condoms reduce sexual pleasure and were concerned about their partner's approval. The study recommends clinical interventions to address these attitudes and promote condom use.
Researchers discover HIV's ability to break down the internal skeleton of resting T cells, allowing it to overcome a previously resistant barrier. This process involves the activation of protein cofilin and actin microfilaments, which may provide a new target for therapy.
A recent study found that public health institutions can increase HIV prevention program enrollment by up to 15% by offering a neutral message, rather than an invitation to counseling. This approach is particularly effective for participants with no intention of using condoms.
A new collaborative study explores how operations research can maximize efficient use of limited resources, including antiretroviral drugs and medical personnel. The researchers show that using mathematical modeling approaches can help plan national drug distribution systems and predict demand for services.
A University of Chicago study found that over 13% of elderly Americans experience mistreatment, with verbal and financial abuse being the most prevalent forms. The study also revealed wide variations in mistreatment depending on age and ethnicity.
A novel approach to treating HIV/AIDS uses customized dendritic cells to stimulate immune response, showing potential for innovative therapeutic approach
Researchers from Michigan State University found that many low-cost over-the-counter hearing aids fail to meet basic fitting requirements and may damage a person's hearing. The study advises consumers to consult with an audiologist for proper fitting and customization.
A new study reveals that a history of sexually transmitted disease increases the risk of sexual dysfunction in older adults. The study found that physical health and mental health are significant factors contributing to sexual problems in both men and women, with certain demographics experiencing specific challenges.
A new study found that referees tend to award more points to tae kwon do competitors dressed in red than those dressed in blue. The researchers discovered a split-second bias toward red-clad athletes when competitors are evenly matched in skill.
Researchers at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center are launching a study to investigate the impact of mistrust in medical care on Latino HIV patients' mortality rates. The study aims to understand cultural and social factors contributing to this disparity.
Researchers found no correlation between traditional and standardized assays, highlighting the need for a physiologically relevant platform. Clade C antibodies showed broad cross-reactivity, neutralizing multiple viruses in both formats.
A study of HIV-infected crack users found that nearly half reported unprotected sex in the last six months, highlighting a pressing need for targeted interventions. The five-year HOPE study aims to improve engagement in care and prevention services, particularly for female users.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology has published a special issue focusing on AIDS and HIV research, featuring reviews on vaccine development, B-cell abnormalities, and viral reservoirs. Key findings also include an increased rate of asthma in HIV-infected children treated with HAART.
Researchers will explore how HIV infection causes immune activation and depletion, with potential for clinical applications in AIDS treatment. The grant supports four projects ranging from basic lab research to experimental models and translational research.
A new study published in The Lancet warns that HIV transmission could quadruple in certain populations if people with HIV follow potentially misleading advice. Mathematical modeling predicts that HIV transmission would be four times higher in serodiscordant couples who abandon condom use.
NIAID is reshaping its research enterprise to broaden HIV vaccine discovery activities, with a focus on laboratory, non-human primate, and clinical researchers. The Institute plans to develop new initiatives to support individual investigator-initiated grants in HIV vaccine discovery and other tactics to interrupt HIV transmission.
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) is providing $4.4 million in funding to support three research teams investigating ways to improve the application of mental health research in Canada.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has decided not to conduct the PAVE 100 HIV vaccine trial, but will consider a smaller study to determine if the VRC vaccine regimen significantly lowers viral load. The decision comes after analyzing the STEP HIV vaccine study results, which found increased numbers of HIV infec...
A genetic variation that protects against malaria increases susceptibility to HIV by up to 40%, yet also prolongs survival by approximately two years. This finding highlights the complex relationship between genetics and HIV/AIDS, with implications for targeted prevention strategies.
A study published in the journal Addiction found that sexual behavior counseling during drug addiction treatment can decrease risky sexual behavior and HIV transmission in Russian substance-dependent individuals. The PREVENT program, a behavioral intervention, was effective in increasing safe sex among participants.
Researchers are comparing the effectiveness of tenofovir as an oral tablet and vaginal gel for HIV prevention. The study aims to understand how each formulation works in infection-prone cells, with a focus on optimal doses and women's adherence.
New UCLA study suggests that vaginal microbicides, currently being developed for women, might be more effective in preventing HIV infections in men. The study found that if the efficacy of these microbicides is less than 50% and adherence is less than 60%, they could prevent up to 21% of HIV infections in men.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that a public-health approach to HIV treatment in South Africa is equally effective as an individualized approach used in Switzerland. Treatment initiated early greatly reduces HIV levels and viral rebound, but higher mortality rates were observed in South Africa.
A federally funded consortium of researchers led by Baylor College of Medicine found that children treated for HIV are at higher risk of developing asthma. CD4 cells increase in these children, leading to inflammation in lung tissue and worsening asthma symptoms.
A meta-analysis of 38 randomized controlled trials found that interventions incorporating these characteristics significantly reduced HIV risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding diversity within African American communities in developing effective interventions.
The NIAID Vaccine Discovery Branch aims to remove fundamental obstacles to achieving a safe and effective HIV vaccine by focusing on the development and sharing of new knowledge. The branch will monitor scientific developments, identify gaps in knowledge, and promote research collaborations.
A study found that frequent self-cutting is linked to higher rates of HIV risk among teens. Teens who frequently cut themselves were more likely to share cutting instruments and exhibit less self-restraint.
Women were more likely than men to approach gender-matched brochures and retain information from them. The study found significant gender differences in exposure to the intervention, including women reading more brochures and retaining more information.
A randomized trial found that extending antiretroviral regimens can significantly reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. Infants receiving extended prophylaxis had lower rates of HIV infection compared to those receiving standard care.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine has found that circumcision is safe for both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men, with a low risk of moderate or severe surgical complications. The study also highlights the importance of refraining from intercourse after circumcision to prevent transmission of HIV to women partners.
The Einstein-Montefiore Center for AIDS Research has received a $8.5 million grant renewal from the NIH, supporting its growth of AIDS research programs and international collaborations. The center's contributions to HIV/AIDS research and treatment include identifying key areas of study and developing innovative therapies.
Scientists have identified CAML as a human host restriction to HIV release, which can now be overcome by Vpu. This discovery may lead to new treatments for HIV, as researchers are working on defining the mechanism and developing therapies.
Advances in sequencing and surveillance have enabled researchers to identify circulating strains of HIV-1, with subtype B prevalent in the Americas and clades A, C, and D in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study highlights the importance of viral diversity on disease progression and transmission.