Research programs focused on child health and development. Covers pediatric research standards, infant nutrition and sleep, rare disorders, and childhood diabetes.
Workers were more willing to pay for policies that directly benefited them than those with no direct benefit. Notably, teachers with a low probability of using paid childbirth leave had the highest willingness to pay.
Researchers found that levels of IL-12 and TNF alpha decreased during pregnancy, while cortisol, norepinephrine, and 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D3 increased. After birth, these stress hormones surged, possibly contributing to the resurgence of immune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
The Cornell Institute for Research on Children (CIRC) aims to bridge the gap between scientists and decision-makers. CIRC will conduct multidisciplinary research on policy-relevant questions related to children, informing better-informed decisions.
Research reveals US boys are reaching puberty earlier than in past years, with average ages of pubic hair growth and genital development being significantly lower. This could have implications for testicular cancer risk, sex education, and psychosocial challenges.
Researchers found no significant differences in sexual development between children fed cow milk and soy formulas, despite concerns over phytoestrogens. The study, spanning nearly three decades, suggests long-term exposure to soy-based infant formula may not have a 'feminizing' effect on children.
Researchers at Yale University have conducted a controlled study on guanfacine, finding it to be an effective treatment for children with ADHD and tic disorders. The study showed significant improvement in symptoms, including a 37% increase in total score on the ADHD Rating Scale compared to placebo.
Children prenatally exposed to alcohol demonstrate significant social and adaptive behavior deficits, but similar deficits are found in clinically referred children with no prenatal exposure. As prenatally exposed children age, their social difficulties become more pronounced, highlighting the importance of addressing these issues.
Research finds that fathers' alcohol abuse and depression are associated with emotional and behavioral problems in children, including anxiety and depression. The study also highlights the importance of considering maternal depression when evaluating the effects of paternal alcohol abuse.
A study published in Neuropsychology found that pre-pubescent boys use more of their right brain to process faces and expressions, whereas girls use more of their left brain. This difference has significant implications for understanding the effects of brain injury on men and women.
A new study published in Pediatrics found that allopurinol significantly reduced seizures and cardiac events in infants with high-risk heart defects undergoing heart surgery. The study, led by Dr. Robert R. Clancy, used deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and randomized infants to receive either allopurinol or a placebo.
Researchers developed a computer program that provides bite-sized information on the most important findings, leading to a 34% decrease in antibiotic prescriptions for middle ear infections. The system helps doctors stay current with the latest research without overwhelming them.
A long-term study by Lehigh University researchers finds a strong link between severe physical discipline in preschool and later aggression. Children from low-socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to develop aggressive behavior due to inadequate nurturing and stressful environments.
A study published in Neuron found that ephrin-B3 plays a key role in the connection between the brain and spinal cord, which is essential for forming motor connections. The research provides new insights into mirror movement disorder, a rare condition characterized by involuntary symmetrical movements of limbs.
A new study assesses the effects of therapeutic doses of oral Ritalin on dopamine levels in healthy, adult male subjects, revealing increased dopamine levels and potential improvement in attention and focus for ADHD symptoms.
Researchers at Emory University found that temporal lobectomy significantly reduces complex partial seizures in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who cannot be controlled by medication. However, the procedure is less effective in reducing generalized tonic-clonic seizures, also known as grand mal seizures.
A recent study found that US military members have lower physical fitness rates compared to civilians, with 37% exercising less than three times a week. However, military members who exercise tend to do so more regularly than civilians, and required physical training is an effective method for increasing overall activity levels.
A study by researchers at NIH has identified the HOXA1 gene as a potential contributor to autism in a large number of cases. The gene plays a crucial role in early brain development, and variants of the gene were found to be present in nearly 40% of individuals with autism.
A study found that a genetic variant of the IL-8 gene is carried by over half of the UK population and increases the risk of developing severe bronchiolitis in children. The research suggests a possible genetic basis for the common childhood infection, which affects nearly all children by their second year.
Research finds Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia cases clustered in San Francisco and Cincinnati zip code areas, highlighting epidemiologic features of the infection. Asthmatic children's susceptibility to ozone pollution is linked to low birthweight or prematurity, with boys showing a greater response.
Two girls with rare bone disorders Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy and progressive osseous heteroplasia showed severely depressed levels of Gs-alpha protein, suggesting a collective culprit behind the conditions. The study provides new insights into the developmental pathways controlling normal bone development.
Studies at the University of Illinois have identified a brain pathway in which neurons activate during low oxygen, triggering increased breathing. Newborns may not have enough neurons to respond sufficiently, possibly contributing to sudden infant death syndrome.
A recent study found that newborn boys, especially those born very prematurely, have a higher mortality rate and are more susceptible to complications than girls. The researchers analyzed data from over 6,500 babies up to two weeks old and found that death rates were one in four for boys compared to one in seven for girls.
Research from the University of Washington suggests that building fondness and affection, being responsive to each other's lives, and approaching problems together can help new parents maintain stable or improved marital satisfaction. Despite initial reports of decline, many couples adapt and even strengthen their relationships during ...
A study of childhood brain tumors found that children born in late summer or fall were more likely to develop medulloblastoma than the general population. Researchers also discovered a link between longer symptom duration for boys and lower stage of disease at diagnosis, potentially affecting diagnoses and treatment.
Researchers at UIC College of Medicine are developing a powerful new prenatal diagnostic technique to detect genetic abnormalities in fetal blood cells. The technique, using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), will identify defects in individual genes and could potentially be used by all women who wish to undergo screening.
A study of 1,277 elderly people found no correlation between left-handedness and mortality rate. Instead, factors such as pressure to switch hands, gender differences, and adaptation to a right-hand world influenced the prevalence of left-handedness among older adults.
Research in the Archives of Disease in Childhood found that babies whose mothers smoked were twice as likely to experience colic. Breastfed infants were less prone to colic when their mothers smoked, highlighting a potential risk factor for smoking mothers.
A study found that the number of family members caring for chronically disabled parents or spouses decreased, but those who did were more likely to be primary caregivers. The Baby Boomer generation's lower fertility rate is expected to increase pressure on family care in the coming decades.
Researchers from University of Washington and UC Berkeley found two distinct patterns of dysfunctional marital interaction predictive of divorce at different points during a marriage. These patterns differ in emotional intensity, leading to either volatile or suppressed relationships.
Young children view violent events in emotional and dramatic terms, while older children see violence in a more intellectual and detached way. The study found that younger children focus on human emotions, such as hate and fear, whereas older children analyze the events using abstract concepts like just war principles.
Research shows that short-term exposure to violent video games has minimal impact on empathy and aggression in children. However, preexisting personality traits and long-term gaming habits are likely to shape behavior. The study found a significant correlation between the child's favorite game and their total aggression score.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center found that certain antibiotic agents can improve autism symptoms in some children, particularly those colonized by bacteria producing toxins. The study suggests a possible link between intestinal bacteria and autism, warranting further research for prevention or treatment strategies.
Researchers discovered how E. coli O157:H7 causes massive cell death in humans, leading to organ failure and death. The bacteria's verotoxins trigger programmed cell death through a Bcl-2 protein sequence, offering potential new treatments for food poisoning.
A computer simulation, known as a cyberkid, was used to study how children's problem-solving behavior changes across ages. The study found that 7-year-olds' thinking improves in strategy selection as they grow towards adulthood.
A University of Florida study found that most Americans consider mid-range body sizes attractive and socially acceptable. In contrast to the idealized thin figure often seen in media, participants preferred a range of builds from slender to rounded. As people age, they become more tolerant of varying body sizes.
A new study published in Behavioral Neuroscience found that exposure to a paired scent and milk can condition newborn rats to suckle on a surrogate nipple. The researchers observed an 80% suckling rate in pups exposed to lemon odor and milk, compared to 20% in control groups.
Researchers from various fields will discuss normal development and understanding of the visual world, as well as brain failures to recognize objects. The symposium aims to bring together converging perspectives on how our brains organize and interpret visual information.
The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft conference highlighted the need for research into adiposity, which causes physical disorders and increases the risk of contracting illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Scientists called for guidelines to support doctors and patients in their struggle against obesity.
A recent study found that a half-day safety program for kindergarten students showed minimal improvement in basic safety skills. The research compared two groups of children, one that participated in the program and another that did not, but found no significant difference in their scores. This suggests that many safety programs, like ...
A four-month study of over 200 ambulance arrivals found potential for injury to children and other occupants in urban medical centers. Researchers identified opportunities for prevention, including securing EMS equipment and ensuring proper restraint.
A new UCSF study has analyzed data from 1.5 million births to Mexican-born Latinas, U.S.-born Latinas, and U.S.-born White women, revealing lower rates of tobacco use and medical complications among Mexican-born Latina women.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that zafirlukast effectively reduces lung and nasal allergic symptoms in cat allergy sufferers. The study tested 18 individuals with cat allergies, showing significant relief from wheezing and shortness of breath.
Researchers found a five-fold increased risk of OCD in first-degree relatives of patients, supporting the hereditary nature of the condition. The study used diverse patient populations and blinded diagnosing researchers to minimize bias.
A multicenter clinical trial has found that premature infant formula containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) improves visual development in preterm infants. The study involved 470 premature infants who received either DHA- and AA- fortified formula or standard premature infant formula.
A study of 558 students and professionals found that religious individuals value interdependence with others, whereas non-religious people prioritize self-reliance. This contradicts common criticisms that religious dependence is a sign of weakness.
Research in Archives of Disease in Childhood found that short boys were more likely to repeat a grade, with two-thirds being boys. The study suggests that height may influence the decision to keep children back a year, reflecting societal biases against short children.
A new study suggests that mothers' depression may cause their daughters to enter puberty earlier. Researchers found a correlation between maternal depression and the timing of puberty in adolescent girls. The study also discovered a link between exposure to unrelated adult men, such as stepfathers, and early puberty in girls.
New research suggests that non-mutational gene defects, involving DNA methylation, contribute significantly to the development of cancer. Up to 10% of genes in some tumor types are found to be inactivated by aberrant DNA methylation, suggesting a much larger role for this process than previously thought.
A recent Purdue University study discovered that parents' influence on their children's religious beliefs is largely shaped by verbal communication rather than actual practice. The research found that students who had open discussions with their parents about religious beliefs were more likely to accurately perceive their parents' views.
Certain long-chain alcohols can reverse ethanol's antiadhesive effects on nerve cells, suggesting potential medications to reduce the damaging effects of alcohol. The findings may lead to a better understanding and prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and its related neurotoxic effects.
Researchers found that MK-801 blocks the sensitizing effects of alcohol, making it a potential treatment for addiction. Behavioral sensitization is a phenomenon where repeated exposure to alcohol increases its rewarding effects, leading to overconsumption and addiction.
A new study published in Nature found no association between nighttime lighting and the development of nearsightedness in children. The study surveyed over 1,200 children and found that parents' eye sight and genetics played a more significant role in causing myopia.
Researchers found that children whose parents scored high on dietary restraint or disinhibition had greater increases in body fat over time. Parents' impulsive eating habits also had a strong effect on their child's body fat level.
Researchers analyzed 15,414 student and faculty yearbook photos to pinpoint the age when girls begin smiling more often than boys. The study found that girls start smiling significantly more than boys as early as the fourth grade, with a widening gender gap by high school.
New research suggests that mother baboons do not use their voices to call back to lost infants, contrary to previous assumptions. This lack of 'theory of mind' is believed to be due to the inability to recognize that other animals have thoughts and feelings apart from their own.
A Cornell psychologist has challenged the idea of universal music experiences across cultures by finding a Western bias in the explanation. Research suggests that expectations play a crucial role in our emotional response to music, and that this may be specific to Western musical backgrounds. The study's findings have implications for ...
A recent study by NYU Neurolinguist Diana Van Lancker explores the neurological patterns found in swearing, shedding light on its emotional, behavioral, and cognitive processes. The research reveals that swearing is selectively preserved in individuals with brain injuries or disorders, highlighting its complex role in communication.
A study by psychologists at the University of Warwick found that even with good academic knowledge of road safety rules, young children often miss danger signs when crossing roads. The researchers discovered that video materials are more effective in teaching children about road dangers than simple line drawings.
The Cedars-Sinai Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute will host a free patient/family brain tumor conference featuring new research, treatments, and support services. Experts in the field will discuss various topics, including current treatment approaches and potential therapies.
Researchers developed a reliable blood test to diagnose diabetes in children at an early stage, allowing for prediction of the condition with a reliability of 50%. The test measures concentration of islet antibodies in a child's blood and combines it with DNA testing for hereditary susceptibility.