Articles tagged with Discovery Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in Lancet suggests a genetic mutation in two genes, TEL and AML1, occurs during fetal development, leading to a potentially oncogenic protein. The fusion of these genes is not inherited but rather occurs during pregnancy, possibly due to a developmental accident.
A newly discovered gene in the pituitary gland is found to be activated by estrogen, leading to cell proliferation and tumor development. Researchers have identified this link between estrogen and pituitary tumor growth, which may lead to improved cancer diagnosis, assessment, and treatment.
Researchers will use marine microorganisms to discover new chemical compounds with anticancer properties, acting through non-traditional mechanisms. The study aims to identify novel agents that can accelerate the drug development process and improve treatment options for cancer patients.
Researchers from Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto have discovered that Alzheimer's disease proteins also play a crucial role in mammalian development. The study used mice lacking PS1 and PS2 genes to investigate their normal function, finding that these proteins are essential for brain development.
Researchers Ally R. Harari and Jane Brockmann studied the behavior of Diaprepes abbreviatus beetles, finding that mounting females attracts larger males, improving female reproductive success. The beetle's behavior appears to suggest a different explanation for homosexual behavior than observed in domesticated animals.
Researchers are changing treatment methods for gum disease to focus on treating bacterial infections. This approach can save many teeth that were previously considered 'hopeless' and may reduce the risk of heart disease.
Researchers at Cornell University will use acoustic monitoring to count forest elephants in Africa, providing crucial information on population numbers and health. The project aims to support conservation efforts by tracking endangered species such as gorillas and rhinos.
Günter Blobel's work on protein signaling discovered the importance of signal sequences in targeting proteins to their proper intracellular destinations. His research has led to a deeper understanding of protein trafficking, with implications for drug delivery and cellular processes.
Researchers have discovered a reversible lipid imbalance that may be responsible for the common symptoms of cystic fibrosis. Administration of DHA corrected the imbalance and reversed signs of cystic fibrosis in mice with the genetic defect.
A recent study suggests that the immune system protein CD2AP may play a critical role in kidney function. Researchers found that mice lacking CD2AP developed defective glomeruli and died of renal failure, highlighting the protein's importance in maintaining kidney health. The discovery also sheds light on other diseases, such as congen...
Researchers have identified two genes contributing to asthma development: interleukin IL4 and IL13. Decreasing their activity may help reduce asthma attacks, with potential applications to other complex genetic conditions.
Researchers have uncovered six complete bone flutes at a 9,000-year-old Neolithic site in China, which may be the earliest complete, playable, and tightly-dated musical instruments. The flutes, made from red-crowned crane wing bones, have been analyzed and played, revealing a tone scale similar to the Western eight-note scale.
The matrilysin enzyme plays a key role in activating defensins to combat bacterial infections in the intestine. The researchers found that matrilysin is essential for regulating antimicrobial activity and protecting the epithelial lining from bacterial invasion.
A genetically-engineered mouse model helps researchers better understand how folic acid protects against neural tube defects and cleft lip/palate by explaining the transport of folic acid within cells. The study may also shed light on why Hispanic women don't seem to benefit from taking folic acid supplements.
The Indiana University Cancer Center has been designated as an NCI-recognized clinical cancer center, bolstering its $33.3 million annual funding for cancer research projects. The grant enhances collaboration between researchers and physicians to target clinical problems and apply findings to new patient treatments.
A common intestinal parasite has rewritten the understanding of hemoglobin's evolution and role in nature. The parasite reveals that hemoglobin evolved primarily to handle nitric oxide rather than oxygen.
Researchers at the UK College of Medicine are developing a technology to deliver drugs directly into brain tissue to treat Parkinson's disease. The team plans to use a modified Medtronic pump to deliver GDNF, a protein that has shown promise in protecting dopaminergic neurons in preclinical studies.
Armstrong's groundbreaking work elucidated the physical processes underlying electrical signaling in and between cells. His research has contributed significantly to our understanding of ion channels and their role in transmitting nerve impulses, with implications for drug development and treatment of various diseases.
Researchers are developing tiny, chip-based laboratories to speed up the search for new medicines by analyzing thousands of compounds simultaneously. This microscale analysis will enable faster, more cost-effective discovery in the fields of materials science and chemistry.
Scientists at OHSU have discovered a mechanism in the brain that controls weight, named the adipostat, which acts as a fat thermostat. The discovery could lead to medications that help regulate patient weight and prevent excessive caloric intake.
Researchers aim to uncover principles of coordinated group motion and apply them to designing autonomous underwater or airborne robots. They will create a database recording fish school movements and test robotic versions of biological models.
Scientists at Millennium and the Whitehead Institute discovered a novel protein FATP4 that plays a role in transporting fatty acid molecules from the intestine into the body. Inhibiting its function may provide new approaches to treating obesity.
Researchers at UCSF have identified a protein enzyme that plays a key role in pain signaling, suggesting a possible target for broad-based pain therapy. The finding applies to inflammatory pain syndromes, such as arthritis and colitis, and has potential implications for post-operative pain relief.
The discovery of a new tomb at Teotihuacan's Pyramid of the Moon has provided critical evidence for reconstructing the city's 2,000-year-old history. The tomb contains human skeletons, animal bones, and offerings that differ from previous discoveries, suggesting a significant cultural shift between two phases of pyramid construction.
Sulindac has been shown to cause the regression of benign colon polyps, helping prevent colon cancer development. The drug inhibits cancer cell growth by promoting programmed cell death and preventing NF-kB activation.
Researchers at Wistar Institute find parallels between PRD1 and human adenovirus coat protein structures, suggesting an evolutionary relationship. The discovery may lead to new research areas and therapies.
Researchers have identified a genetic mutation associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in African-American and Latino men, with a five times greater risk compared to those without the mutation. The mutation affects the enzyme steroid 5a-reductase, leading to increased production of dihydrotestosterone, a potent form of tes...
Scientists at Oregon Health & Science University have discovered a naturally occurring protein, herstatin, that inhibits the functions of the HER-2 oncogene, a major factor in breast and other cancers. Herstatin blocks the HER-2 signaling activity that causes tumor cells to grow, ultimately killing those cells.
Researchers at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified two genes that may control the development of inflammatory breast cancer. The discovery, published in Clinical Cancer Research, could lead to more effective forms of cancer treatment, particularly for newly diagnosed women.
Researchers have discovered a new drug, pifithrin-alpha, that can protect healthy tissues from radiation damage and reduce side effects. The treatment strategy may allow for higher doses of therapy to be administered, improving cure rates.
A recent study by Mayo Clinic researchers suggests that an immune system response to fungus is the cause of most chronic sinus infections, which affects 37 million people in the US. The discovery opens the door to the development of effective treatments for this common chronic disease.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have developed a groundbreaking treatment for self-injury in people with developmental disabilities. By combining communication training with naltrexone, a medication that blocks the brain's opiate receptors, they were able to significantly reduce or eliminate self-injury in most cases.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered that Fragile X syndrome affects dendritic spine development in the brain, leading to impaired protein synthesis and maturation. This process is fundamental to normal brain development and may hold clues to understanding the cause of mental impairment.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have created a new family of molecules with metal atoms inside a carbon cage. The discovery has significant implications for various fields such as medicine, optics, and electronics. The researchers found that they can produce these molecules in high yield and purity using a unique process.
Researchers found aggressive cancer cells generate their own vascular networks, potentially changing how cancers are treated. The discovery may lead to new non-invasive imaging tests and targeted therapies.
Researchers found that methylation of estrogen receptor genes may be linked to atherosclerosis and increased risk of heart disease in women. The study suggests that a genetic shutdown may contribute to the perplexing results of hormone replacement therapy on heart disease.
A team of scientists has discovered a new primate genus, Equatorius, which helps reshape the complex evolutionary tree around the time when the ancestor to humans and great apes arose. The research reveals that one species, Kenyapithecus wickeri, is more closely related to this ancestor than previously thought.
The Johns Hopkins Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders will investigate the genetic causes of oral clefting, craniosynostosis, and other craniofacial malformations. Researchers will also study the interactions between children with craniofacial disorders and those whose skulls developed normally.
UT Southwestern researchers have identified a severe enzyme deficiency responsible for some Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) cases. The SCHAD enzyme deficiency affects an infant's ability to break down fatty acids, leading to a brain energy crisis and potentially fatal coma.
Family history may play a role in developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with those having a family member with significant heartburn or esophagus/stomach disease twice as likely to experience it themselves. Obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are also risk factors for GERD.
A University of Iowa research team has identified two new genes linked to the invasive and metastatic spread of breast cancer. The findings, published in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, provide important new insights into the complex process of tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
Research suggests that bullying is a continuum of behaviors, with many students engaging in both bullying and victimization. Teachers and parents can play a crucial role in supporting affected students. Effective interventions require changing school climate and tailoring approaches to address physical aggression and bullying.
Researchers from around the world are measuring fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Atlanta's air to understand its health effects and sources. The study aims to develop better instruments for measuring PM2.5 and its composition, with potential implications for controlling ozone and PM-related pollution.
Breakthroughs in self-assembly and supermaterials could lead to extraordinary applications such as artificial body parts, ultraresistant coatings, and high-definition television screens. Five experts will share their discoveries that could jump-start new marvels in materials technology.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered that anti-diabetic agents can significantly reduce symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease in mice. The study suggests that these compounds may be an effective treatment for humans with ulcerative colitis, a debilitating disorder affecting millions worldwide.
The Initiative for Design of Bio-Inspired Materials receives a $2-million grant to explore new physical materials based on biological templates. Researchers aim to develop functional materials and control biological processes using advanced techniques.
The NSF award establishes a Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, focusing on complex social behaviors and emotions. The center will study brain mechanisms and develop powerful new technologies.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center created mice with narcolepsy by removing the neuropeptide orexin. The mice exhibited rapid eye movement (REM) sleep at the beginning of a sleep period, unlike normal mice, indicating a potential link to treatments for the disorder.
The UCSF Cancer Center has received designation from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), becoming the only NCI-designated cancer center in Northern California. The center will receive up to $850,000 per year for research infrastructure and administration.
UI researchers found that restoring E-cadherin protein hinders prostate cancer spread and enhances cell adhesion. The study provides a potential new approach to target invasive prostate cancer.
Researchers discovered that male fruit flies displace and incapacitate a previous male's sperm to fertilize eggs. The study found that the last fruit fly to mate with the female sires most offspring, and that seminal fluid alone cannot cause displacement of stored sperm.
Researchers at the University of Kentucky have discovered the molecular signals that lead to programmed cell death in spinal cord injuries. This breakthrough discovery may lead to the development of drugs to prevent or limit the consequences of spinal cord injury.
A UK researcher has partnered with R.J. Reynolds to develop nicotine-based drugs targeting Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, obesity, and depression. The partnership has resulted in several potential drug candidates being evaluated for clinical trials.
Scientists map lung cancer gene Pas1 to mouse chromosome 6, shedding light on human lung cancers. The researchers also study the evolution of trichromatic vision in humans and primates, revealing gene duplication events that confer color vision abilities.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have developed a method to trigger a potent immune response in humans using mature dendritic cells, which lasts for months. The technique shows promise as a new way to fight cancers and chronic infections like HIV.
Researchers confirm presence of fullerenes in Allende meteorite, which could have played a role in early Earth's history and origin of life. The discovery provides insights into the formation of the solar nebula and presolar dust.
Coral reefs are experiencing extensive bleaching due to gradual warming of ocean temperatures. A new study found that heat damage to symbiotic algae is degrading their ability to convert light into utilizable energy. The damaged algae, including the D1 protein, impair photosynthesis and lead to coral expulsion.
A study found that pine cones' spines hinder finches' ability to access seeds, encouraging seed dispersal. Researchers discovered a link between spine growth and the length of time seeds remain on pine cones.
Researchers at USC and UC Irvine have discovered two independent brain pathways that process visual information, highlighting the importance of integrating color and motion. The 'Third Order' system is found to be critical for detecting pure color motion, allowing humans to perceive movement in 'isoluminant' images.
Researchers developed a method to identify high-risk individuals with Parkinson's disease using SPECT brain imaging and beta CIT radiopharmaceutical. They differentiated between Parkinson's patients and controls, as well as relatives of Parkinson's patients, with reduced drug binding.