Articles tagged with National Laboratories
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A Georgia Tech-led team has won the Association for Computing Machinery's Gordon Bell Prize for its world-record-setting blood-flow simulation of 260 million deformable red blood cells. The application achieved 700 teraflops on Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Jaguar supercomputer.
Researchers have successfully integrated ultra-thin layers of indium arsenide onto a silicon substrate to create nanoscale transistors with excellent electronic properties. The devices exhibited superior performance in terms of current density and transconductance compared to silicon transistors.
Researchers have discovered that plants and animals share remarkably similar mechanisms to detect molecular signatures of infectious organisms, which could lead to new treatments for human diseases. The study's findings highlight the potential for inter-specific transfer of engineered receptors to confer resistance to various pathogens.
Jacob Hooker, a Brookhaven National Laboratory assistant chemist, received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. He was recognized for his research on radiochemistry and biomedical imaging, as well as his efforts to mentor and outreach to the community.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have fabricated transparent thin films capable of absorbing light and generating electric charge. The semiconducting polymer-fullerene material, which forms a honeycomb pattern, has potential for large-scale energy-generating solar windows or optical displays.
Researchers used PET scans to image aromatase, an enzyme responsible for estrogen production, in the human brain. The study found that aromatase is concentrated in unique regions, differing from animal studies.
Researchers created a technoeconomic model to simulate critical factors in biorefinery operations, enabling cost-efficient production and analysis of various processing scenarios. The model provides a transparent and open platform for the community to share findings and direct research efforts.
Researchers used ambient-pressure XPS to examine every feature of a working solid oxide electrochemical cell, operating in an atmosphere of hydrogen and water vapor at high temperatures. This allowed for direct measurement of local chemical states and electric potentials at surfaces and interfaces during the cell's operation.
Two researchers, Jorge Alvarado and Monica Regalbuto, have been recognized for their exceptional work in environmental remediation and nuclear fuel cycle technology. Their achievements demonstrate the importance of diversity and talent in leading-edge scientific research.
Researchers used quantum molecular dynamics and transmission electron microscopy to discover an intermediate step in the cleaning process. Electron irradiation prevented loop formation, allowing for efficient edge cleaning and improving graphene's suitability for electronics.
Researchers at Northwestern University found a universal law for material evolution, allowing them to predict the dynamics of phase break-up in various materials. The study used 4-D synchrotron-based X-ray tomographic microscopy to observe the evolution of rod-shaped phases during the break-up process.
The ASCR Leadership Computing Challenge allocates up to 30% of DOE's computational resources to high-risk, high-payoff simulations. Researchers at Argonne will tackle pressing national problems in clean energy, climate change, and more.
Scientists use four imaging techniques to visualize single cells in detail, cellular substructures, and chemical composition of zinnia cells, indicating an abundance of lignocellulose. This research aims to enhance understanding of cell wall molecular architecture for efficient conversion of biomass to liquid fuels.
A study compiled field studies across the US to identify influences on biomass yield of switchgrass. Lowland and upland switchgrass types showed varying yields, with annual averages of 12.9 metric tons per hectare for lowland and 8.7 metric tons for upland ecotypes.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have successfully controlled individual electrons within simple atoms and molecules by stripping them away using intense pulses of X-ray light. This breakthrough enables the creation of hollow atoms with potential applications in future imaging experiments.
Researchers used quantum simulations to study hydrogen's behavior under extreme pressure, discovering a discontinuous transition between molecular and atomic states. The critical point occurs at high temperatures and pressures, near 3100°F and 1 million atmospheres.
The Argonne Leadership Computing Facility has reached two billion processor-hours of computations, accelerating research in weeks or months. The ALCF is home to the IBM Blue Gene/P Intrepid, one of the fastest supercomputers in the world for open science.
Researchers will collect data on aerosol particles in the Sacramento Valley from June 2-28, using airplanes, ground instruments, and weather balloons. The goal is to improve computer models simulating climate change by understanding aerosols' role in scattering and absorbing sunlight.
The Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) uses advanced computer models to explore innovations in nuclear plant engineering and design, aiming to optimize safety and efficiency. North Carolina State University is playing a key leadership role in the program, receiving approximately $11 million in funding ove...
Using a new technique, researchers have captured the first images of electrons with extraordinary mass under certain conditions. The study reveals the origin of an electronic phase transition in a uranium compound, providing direct experimental evidence that electrons interact with atoms rather than behaving as waves.
The US Army has deployed Hellfire II missiles equipped with a health-monitoring device to Iraq and Afghanistan, providing troops with an added measure of assurance that the missiles will perform without failure. The Captive Carry Health Monitoring system automatically monitors environmental conditions that can affect missile reliability.
Physicist J.C. Séamus Davis has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences for his groundbreaking research on superconductors, superfluids, and supersolids. He is recognized for his insights into the behavior of electrons in high-temperature superconductors, which may lead to new superconducting materials.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory discovered that nanoparticles can self-assemble into a crystal lattice with low defects when floating at a liquid-air interface. This process allows for two-dimensional crystallization over a longer time scale, enabling the formation of highly ordered phases.
Researchers have found that biofuel combustion is more complex than previously thought, with diverse chemical reaction networks and the formation of toxic emissions. The study used a combination of laser spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and flame chemistry modeling to explore decomposition and oxidation mechanisms.
The US Department of Energy has granted approval for the second X-ray laser facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, building on the success of the first hard X-ray laser. The new facility will provide improved control over the X-ray beam and enable multiple research groups to work simultaneously.
Nimbus toolkit enables largest-ever distributed computing 'clouds' with Grid5000 testbed, showcasing cloud computing solution for scientists. Researchers won Grid5000 Large Scale Deployment Challenge award for deploying Nimbus over hundreds of nodes.
Jerry Posakony, scientist at PNNL, received the AAES John Fritz Medal for his groundbreaking work in ultrasonics and medical diagnostics. His research enabled physicians to visualize internal body structures, significantly advancing medical diagnosis.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have achieved a significant breakthrough in charge breeding, reaching an unprecedented 11.9% ionization efficiency with metallic particles of rubidium. This achievement surpasses the previous metal record of 6.5% and paves the way for further improvements in efficiency.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have identified a new class of silver-based catalysts for producing propylene oxide with few by-products at low temperatures. The study uses nanoscale clusters of silver to achieve high selectivity and efficiency in the production process.
Researchers found that certain buckyball configurations, such as the tris configuration, caused premature senescence in human skin cells. This could lead to disease development if not properly understood. The study provides early foundations for worker protection and highlights the need for federal regulations on nanomaterial use.
Los Alamos researchers report a mechanism allowing nanocrystalline materials to heal radiation-induced damage through 'loading-unloading' effect at grain boundaries. This discovery provides new avenues for designing highly radiation-tolerant materials for next-generation nuclear energy applications.
The new facility will enhance computational and modeling efforts in combustion research, enabling interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists. The CRCV building will support high-fidelity numerical simulations and expand access to massive datasets, expanding the collaborator base and ties with experimental programs.
An international team of scientists has discovered the most massive antinucleus ever detected at RHIC's STAR detector, containing an antiproton, antineutron, and anti-Lambda particle. The findings have significant implications for models of neutron stars and may help elucidate fundamental asymmetries in the early universe.
A team of international researchers led by Kent State University's Declan Keane and Jinhui Chen discovered the most massive antinucleus to date, containing an antiproton, antineutron, and anti-Lambda particle. The finding opens new dimensions in physics research, particularly in addressing the asymmetry between matter and antimatter.
The U.S. Department of Energy's INCITE program has allocated over 1.6 billion processor hours to researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Projects focus on breakthroughs in areas like climate change, alternative energy, life sciences, and materials science.
Solid-state lighting has the potential to reduce energy consumption for lighting by a factor of three to six times, with current forms of light-production producing up to 95% wasted energy. Phillips will discuss ways to harness existing energy sources and identify areas of needed nanotechnology research
Researchers report the first hints of profound symmetry transformations in quarks and gluons produced in RHIC's most energetic collisions. The new results suggest that 'bubbles' formed within this hot soup may internally disobey mirror symmetry, a fundamental rule governing interactions of quarks and gluons.
A soft intelligence approach can help solve problems in healthcare, defense, economics, engineering, and science where definitive answers are rare. Soft metrics use shades of gray and judgments to provide justifiable answers that aren
New neutron studies provide strong evidence that magnetic properties are behind high-temperature superconductivity in both copper-based and iron-based materials. The research suggests that spin excitations play a key role in the formation of macroscopic quantum states giving rise to superconductivity.
The Los Alamos National Laboratory's Magnetic Vision Innovative Prototype (MagViz) uses ultralow magnetic fields to detect liquid bombs and other hazardous materials. With an accuracy rate of over 99%, MagViz could significantly enhance airport security, allowing passengers to pass through with ease while keeping liquids at bay.
A recent study found that chlorophyll and chlorophyllin can reverse the effects of aflatoxin poisoning by limiting its bioavailability. The research, led by DOE/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists, suggests that consuming greens may be a way to prevent long-term exposure to carcinogenic mycotoxins.
A new computer algorithm developed by researchers at Argonne National Laboratory allows scientists to view nuclear fission in much finer detail than ever before. The code has already produced new scientific results through highly detailed simulations of the Zero Power Reactor experiments on powerful supercomputers.
PNNL scientists Scott Chambers, Yuehe Lin, Moe Khaleel, Philip Rasch, John Wacker, and Sotiris Xantheas recognized for their groundbreaking research in semiconductors, nanotechnology, computational engineering, climate modeling, nuclear signature analysis, and aqueous systems.
Sandia National Laboratories will use the funding to enhance its existing Battery Abuse Testing Laboratory, increasing test throughput and developing low-cost batteries for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles.
The Department of Energy's 2009 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award winners were announced by Secretary Chu. The award recognizes groundbreaking research in nonlinear Raman microscopy, environmentally-benign chemistries, and high-energy physics.
Common bacteria can turn microgears by swimming in a suspended solution, providing insights into design of hybrid biomechanical systems driven by microorganisms. The speed and direction of gear rotation can be controlled by manipulating oxygen levels.
Wim Leemans, a physicist at the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, has won the 2009 E.O. Lawrence Award for his pioneering work in developing laser plasma wakefield accelerator technology. The award recognizes his scientific leadership and innovative contributions to advancing accelerator development.
A pilot project in Sequim, Wash., uses NASA satellites and sensors to predict daily river flow with higher accuracy. This helps regional natural resource managers assess the abundance of water resources.
Scientists have discovered how bacteria survive in rock environments, enabling the potential for bio-batteries powered by animal waste and cleaning up oil spills. The 'rock-breathing' bacteria can construct tiny biological wires to conduct electrons to minerals, generating electricity.
Researchers from Berkeley Lab are measuring gas dispersion in Boston's subway system as part of a DHS study. The data will help develop next-generation biological and chemical agent detector systems, as well as inform planning for fires and other emergencies.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory are developing a way to control the Casimir force, which attracts objects at the nanoscale. The goal is to limit its attractive properties and make it repulsive, enabling frictionless motion through nanolevitation for novel NEMS devices.
Researchers produced single-molecule resolution images of peptide-mineral interaction, revealing mechanisms that molecules use to bind to surfaces. Peptides slow down or speed up crystal growth depending on conditions, offering potential solutions for pathological mineralization and kidney stone treatment.
The US is losing its leadership in discovering and growing new crystalline materials due to a decline in industrial research labs and foreign investment. The National Academy report highlights the Ames Laboratory as a center for new materials research and training ground for young researchers.
Researchers are developing a new imaging technique to detect tissue damage in breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Preliminary results show that the technique can identify changes in skin tissue days before severe reactions occur, potentially allowing for preventative treatment and improved patient outcomes.
The Linac Coherent Light Source has embarked on pioneering research in physics, structural biology, energy science, chemistry, and more. Researchers have successfully observed atomic physics phenomena with unprecedented detail, creating stop-action movies of molecules in motion.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have achieved world-record energies in laser-accelerated particles, accelerating protons to 254 million miles per hour. The technique has potential applications in cancer treatment and is expected to contribute to future advances in modern cancer radiotherapy.
A team led by Case Western Reserve University physicist Tom Shutt is planning the world's largest WIMP catcher, a 20-ton liquid xenon detector that could increase detection chances by 30,000 times. The experiment aims to confirm the dark matter theory and understand the universe's composition.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Accelerator and Fusion Research Division are making progress with their Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) accelerator, a specialized user facility designed to study warm dense matter. The NDCX-II can deliver high currents in short pulses of moderate energy, heati...
The IBEX mission reveals a 'noodle soup' of solar material at the outer fringes of the heliosphere bubble, with an arc-shaped ribbon of high-pressure material. The discovery challenges model predictions and provides key information about the properties of the interstellar cloud.
A feasibility study on new carbon capture and storage technology has been funded for the $140 billion pulp, paper and paperboard industry. The study aims to assess the potential for safely storing CO2 in deep underground basalt formations.