Articles tagged with National Laboratories
Scientists have successfully measured the interaction between a single functional group and a carbon nanotube for the first time. The study found that the interaction strength depends on the electronic structure of the interacting molecule/CNT system, eliminating guesswork in designing new nanocomposite materials and devices.
The SiCortex SC5832 enables research in astrophysics, climate modeling, and biotechnology at Argonne National Lab due to its unique capabilities and energy efficiency. The system boasts six 64-bit processors and a PCIexpress connection for fast communications.
Researchers at the University of Utah have developed new peptides that inhibit HIV entry into cells, with up to a 40,000-fold improved antiviral potency over previously reported D-peptides. These peptides resist degradation, making them suitable for oral administration and potentially reducing drug resistance.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory develop a method to correlate microscopic imaging techniques, leading to better understanding and diagnosis of diseases. The technology enables the study of organic and inorganic components simultaneously, improving disease treatment.
Researchers from Argonne National Laboratory have developed a method to characterize quantum dot blinking on faster time scales than before. The results provide new insight into the mechanism of quantum-dot blinking and may help control and suppress this flickering behavior.
The US Department of Homeland Security has developed a new screening prototype that uses ultra-low field magnetic resonance imaging to detect liquids in baggage and on airline passengers. The SENSIT technology can differentiate between harmful items and common carry-on liquid consumables with high accuracy.
A new study using a molecular clock indicates that smallpox evolved earlier than previously believed, with divergence times ranging from 16,000 to 68,000 years ago. The research provides a framework for studying the natural history of other diseases and suggests that local pools of old strains existed in geographically dispersed areas.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in writing and storing information on electronic devices by eliminating false writes, which can affect the accuracy of computer memory. The new method uses high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopes to resolve structures at an atomic level.
Researchers create DNA shells to coat particles' surfaces, allowing for precise control over their structure and properties. The technique enables applications in efficient energy conversion, drug delivery, and environmental monitoring.
By using synthetic DNA to recognize and bind to complementary DNA on nanoparticles, researchers can control the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into clusters. This technique provides precise control over nanoparticle assembly, enabling the creation of well-organized nanoclusters.
A new method to safely store, dispense and easily 'refuel' hydrogen using small AB pellets is being developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory scientists. The pellets hold promise in meeting long-term targets for transportation use, occupying less space and weight than systems using pressurized hydrogen gas.
Researchers are using combined experimental and computational methods to understand the structural and bonding parameters of uranyl, a common oxidation state of uranium. The insights gained will contribute to predicting the chemical and physical properties of heavy transition metal and actinide complexes.
A new study suggests that irrigation may not cool the globe in the future, contrary to previous findings. The research team analyzed temperature and irrigation trends in California's Central Valley and found a clear cooling effect in agricultural areas, but one that has recently slowed down.
Researchers used X-ray images to study tracheal systems in four beetle species, finding that larger beetles devote more space to tracheal tubes. This discovery suggests that leg size is a key limiting factor for insect body size, explaining the extinction of giant insects.
The W.M. Keck Foundation has pledged $1.5 million to support the final phase of research and development for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's (LSST) three-billion pixel digital camera. The LSST will survey the entire visible sky deeply in multiple colors every few nights, probing dark matter and dark energy.
The Gruber Cosmology Prize has been awarded to Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt, and their teams for discovering the accelerating expansion of the universe, dominated by mysterious dark energy. The breakthrough was made possible through innovative techniques using distant Type Ia supernovae as standard candles.
Dr. Jaydeep Bardhan, a former CSGF fellow, received the prestigious Howes Scholar Award in computational science for his work on biomolecular modeling. He was recognized among only one or two fellows each year for his novel techniques and approaches to analyzing protein interactions and determining optimal molecular targets.
Scientists have developed a detailed understanding of neutral-neutral reactions at low temperatures, shedding light on their importance in interstellar chemistry. The study's findings suggest that these reactions can play a significant role in the chemistry of interstellar space, contrary to conventional wisdom.
The Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) will focus on biofuels derived from plant matter, with UC Davis' expertise in deciphering plant cell walls and microbes. The $125 million center aims to achieve measurable success within five years by tackling scientific problems hindering cost-effective conversion.
The inaugural IBM Blue Gene/P system will enhance researchers' ability to conduct breakthrough science and engineering at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. The new system will provide a leading computing capability for advancing knowledge in fields such as climate change, biology, and energy sustainability.
The Department of Energy has selected three new Bioenergy Research Centers to accelerate basic research on developing cellulosic ethanol and other biofuels. The centers will focus on reengineering biological processes to convert plant material into efficient biofuels, aiming to reduce America's gasoline consumption by 20% in ten years.
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will be the world's first X-ray free electron laser, producing pulses of light one billion times brighter than current sources. The device will enable scientists to discover new states of matter and probe chemical reactions in real-time.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have discovered the crystal structure of curium under pressure, revealing new insights into magnetically stabilized crystals. The study uses electron energy-loss spectroscopy and density functional theory to understand the electronic and magnetic structure of Cm.
Robin Santra, an assistant physicist at Argonne National Laboratory, has been awarded the first-ever Young Scientist Prize for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. He was recognized for his contributions to the discovery of hole-orbital alignment in atomic ions generated in strong laser fields.
Brookhaven National Laboratory has developed improved radiation detectors that can be used at room temperature, enhancing detection of X-rays and gamma rays. The new sensors use shielding methods to focus electrons toward the anode, improving energy resolution and efficiency.
New research reveals that nanoscale magnets with chirality may play a crucial role in data transmission and manipulation in spintronic devices. The unique symmetry of these materials allows for the mixing of electronic, optic, magnetic and structural properties.
Andrzej Joachimiak and Gerold Rosenbaum receive the award for their key contributions to protein crystallography research at Argonne National Laboratory. The recognition highlights the quality of their work in structural genomics and biophysics.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have created new materials with high charge-storage capacities, exceeding twice that of conventional lithium batteries. The materials also offer enhanced stability and reduced costs, paving the way for diverse applications in consumer electronics, medical devices, and hybrid electric vehicles.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory successfully trapped radium atoms in a magneto-optical trap, leveraging the unexpected help of room temperature blackbody radiation. This achievement marks a significant milestone in studying time-reversal violation and has implications for physics beyond the Standard Model.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have devised methods to make spintronic devices based on electron spin, potentially increasing electronic device productivity. The development uses graphene-magnet multilayers and aims to create a full spectrum of spintronic devices, including re-writable microchips and transistors.
Researchers developed a device to concentrate and separate bacteria using electric currents, suitable for miniaturized medical diagnostics. The method, based on pH changes, can be used to separate living and dead cells or bacteria with different motility, offering new applications in biotechnology.
Researchers used the world's smallest pipette to study tiny liquid metal droplets and found they develop surface facets that form an 'ethereal dance' as they freeze. This challenge to traditional theory may improve understanding of freezing processes in nature and nanotechnology.
The U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory has developed emission control strategies to meet air quality goals for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The modeling study, funded by the EPA, suggests that regional pollutants and ozone build up over several days due to meteorology and topography.
A new study suggests that tropical rainforests are crucial in slowing down global warming, while planting trees in mid- and high-latitude locations could exacerbate climate change. The research confirms that forests in these regions would not only fail to mitigate the effects of global warming but also potentially increase temperatures.
Livermore researchers have made the most accurate measurement of a nuclear isomer's excitation energy, a crucial step towards controlling its decay. This breakthrough could enable the use of isomers as high-energy density storage systems like batteries, and has implications for quantum computing, general relativity testing, and more.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed flexible electronic structures that can bend, expand, and manipulate devices, paving the way for applications in sensors and artificial muscles. These structures were created by forming single-crystalline semiconductor nanoribbons in stretchable geometrical configurations.
The DOE JGI's 'Shake 'N Plate' instrument, designed to alleviate bacterial culture plating fatigue, has been recognized for its team-driven workplace solutions. The innovation has led to a steady decrease in OSHA-recordable ergonomic injuries and improved productivity at the production genomics facility.
Researchers at PNNL have developed QPAS, a technique using lasers and tuning forks to detect gaseous nerve agent surrogates with extreme sensitivity. The instrument can be miniaturized for field environments and operates unattended for long periods.
A new study by Carnegie Institution and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory reveals that global warming has already affected global food supply, with average yield drops of 3-5% for every 1 degree F increase in temperature. The study estimates annual losses of $5 billion for major food crops.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed an advanced concept in nanoscale catalyst engineering, improving polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for hydrogen-powered vehicles. The study identified a clear trend in the behavior of extended and nanoscale surfaces of platinum-bimetallic alloy.
The Model Coupling Toolkit enabled researchers to couple individual climate models into a single system, improving the accuracy of climate projections. The toolkit played a crucial role in preparing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's new report on climate change.
A. Paul Alivisatos, co-editor of Nano Letters, wins the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award for his contributions to materials research and development of functional semiconducting nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots.
The EO Lawrence Award recognizes eight scientists and engineers for their exceptional contributions in research and development. The winners, including Paul Alivisatos and Moungi Bawendi, are honored for their work in materials science, physics, life sciences, chemistry, and environmental science.
Nine new projects and four renewals have been awarded large amounts of time on IBM Blue Gene/L systems at Argonne National Laboratory through the DOE INCITE program. Researchers will investigate topics such as protein structure prediction, foam formation, and nanoscale light manipulation to advance materials science and computing.
The CDF experiment has measured the W boson mass with unprecedented precision, yielding a value of 80,413 +/- 48 MeV/c2. This result suggests that the Higgs boson could be lighter than previously predicted, making its observation more likely at experiments like Tevatron.
The US Department of Energy's Office of Science has awarded 45 projects 95 million hours of computing time on powerful supercomputers to advance research in various fields, including astrophysics, materials science, and climate research. These awards will enable researchers to create more accurate models, simulate complex processes, an...
George Smoot has been awarded the Daniel Chalonge Medal for his 15-year contribution to the International School of Astrophysics. The award recognizes his outstanding contributions to cosmology and astrophysics, as well as his support for the school's summer and fall programs.
The partnership aims to reduce fossil fuel power plant water withdrawal and consumption, leading to more efficient use of water and energy. Advanced technologies will be developed to minimize environmental impacts and lower treatment costs.
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have discovered 176 proteins associated with plague virulence, offering promising leads for improved disease detection and treatment. The study's findings may also guide the development of new vaccines and therapies to combat the deadly disease.
A new software system called SPRUCE provides computational resources quickly for emergency applications affecting public health, safety, and security. The system supports urgent computing on both traditional supercomputers and distributed Grids, enabling rapid access to massive resources during emergencies.
Scientists have created a new X-ray microscope technique that can observe molecular-scale features with precision, measuring less than a nanometer in height. This breakthrough enables the study of interactions at the nanoscale, which holds promise for advancing our understanding of various scientific and technological fields.
Researchers replaced a single amino acid in a modern desaturase enzyme to create an oxidase, revealing similarities with a simple peroxidase. This substitution supports the theory of a common origin for the two enzymes around 2.5 billion years ago.
The CDF collaboration at Fermilab has discovered two rare types of particles, Sigma-sub-b [Ó <sub> b </sub> ], which are exotic relatives of protons and neutrons. These particles are made of two up quarks and one bottom quark or two down quarks and a bottom quark, and are extremely short-lived, decaying within a tiny fraction of a second.
Researchers successfully synthesized element 118 by firing Calcium ions into a Californium target, producing a record-setting atom that decayed rapidly. The discovery confirms previous claims made in 2006 and ends controversy surrounding the element's existence.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory discovered a way to control the assembly of gold nanoparticles using rigid, double-stranded DNA, which can lead to more efficient energy generation and data storage. The technique takes advantage of DNA's natural tendency to pair up components, allowing for more efficient assembly.
The CDF collaboration at Fermilab has discovered the rapid transitions between matter and antimatter in the B-sub-s meson, confirming predictions by the Standard Model. The oscillation rate of 3 trillion per second sheds light on the universe's fundamental nature, challenging existing models of supersymmetry.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has awarded a $998,325 grant to Berkeley Lab's Kenneth Raymond to develop new agents for large-scale radiological treatment. The goal is to test these agents with animals and proceed to clinical trials within 18 months.
The NIAID has awarded five grants totaling up to $4 million to fund the development of products that eliminate radioactive materials from the human body. The goal is to accelerate the development of previously identified compounds into effective products for licensing in the strategic national stockpile.
Researchers have developed a new method to study materials under extreme conditions, revealing the evolution of high-strain-rate plasticity. The technique combines molecular dynamics simulations with experimental data from laser experiments, providing insights into metal deformation and material strength.
Researchers investigate chitosan, a natural and safe biomaterial found in crab and prawn exoskeletons, as a potential chelator to reduce radiation dose. Chitosan's ability to bind and remove radionuclides like cobalt, strontium, and radium is being tested in laboratory rats.