Articles tagged with National Laboratories
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The W.M. Keck Foundation has pledged $1.5 million to support the final phase of research and development for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's (LSST) three-billion pixel digital camera. The LSST will survey the entire visible sky deeply in multiple colors every few nights, probing dark matter and dark energy.
The Gruber Cosmology Prize has been awarded to Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt, and their teams for discovering the accelerating expansion of the universe, dominated by mysterious dark energy. The breakthrough was made possible through innovative techniques using distant Type Ia supernovae as standard candles.
Dr. Jaydeep Bardhan, a former CSGF fellow, received the prestigious Howes Scholar Award in computational science for his work on biomolecular modeling. He was recognized among only one or two fellows each year for his novel techniques and approaches to analyzing protein interactions and determining optimal molecular targets.
Scientists have developed a detailed understanding of neutral-neutral reactions at low temperatures, shedding light on their importance in interstellar chemistry. The study's findings suggest that these reactions can play a significant role in the chemistry of interstellar space, contrary to conventional wisdom.
The Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) will focus on biofuels derived from plant matter, with UC Davis' expertise in deciphering plant cell walls and microbes. The $125 million center aims to achieve measurable success within five years by tackling scientific problems hindering cost-effective conversion.
The inaugural IBM Blue Gene/P system will enhance researchers' ability to conduct breakthrough science and engineering at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. The new system will provide a leading computing capability for advancing knowledge in fields such as climate change, biology, and energy sustainability.
The Department of Energy has selected three new Bioenergy Research Centers to accelerate basic research on developing cellulosic ethanol and other biofuels. The centers will focus on reengineering biological processes to convert plant material into efficient biofuels, aiming to reduce America's gasoline consumption by 20% in ten years.
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will be the world's first X-ray free electron laser, producing pulses of light one billion times brighter than current sources. The device will enable scientists to discover new states of matter and probe chemical reactions in real-time.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have discovered the crystal structure of curium under pressure, revealing new insights into magnetically stabilized crystals. The study uses electron energy-loss spectroscopy and density functional theory to understand the electronic and magnetic structure of Cm.
Robin Santra, an assistant physicist at Argonne National Laboratory, has been awarded the first-ever Young Scientist Prize for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. He was recognized for his contributions to the discovery of hole-orbital alignment in atomic ions generated in strong laser fields.
Brookhaven National Laboratory has developed improved radiation detectors that can be used at room temperature, enhancing detection of X-rays and gamma rays. The new sensors use shielding methods to focus electrons toward the anode, improving energy resolution and efficiency.
New research reveals that nanoscale magnets with chirality may play a crucial role in data transmission and manipulation in spintronic devices. The unique symmetry of these materials allows for the mixing of electronic, optic, magnetic and structural properties.
Andrzej Joachimiak and Gerold Rosenbaum receive the award for their key contributions to protein crystallography research at Argonne National Laboratory. The recognition highlights the quality of their work in structural genomics and biophysics.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have created new materials with high charge-storage capacities, exceeding twice that of conventional lithium batteries. The materials also offer enhanced stability and reduced costs, paving the way for diverse applications in consumer electronics, medical devices, and hybrid electric vehicles.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory successfully trapped radium atoms in a magneto-optical trap, leveraging the unexpected help of room temperature blackbody radiation. This achievement marks a significant milestone in studying time-reversal violation and has implications for physics beyond the Standard Model.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have devised methods to make spintronic devices based on electron spin, potentially increasing electronic device productivity. The development uses graphene-magnet multilayers and aims to create a full spectrum of spintronic devices, including re-writable microchips and transistors.
Researchers developed a device to concentrate and separate bacteria using electric currents, suitable for miniaturized medical diagnostics. The method, based on pH changes, can be used to separate living and dead cells or bacteria with different motility, offering new applications in biotechnology.
Researchers used the world's smallest pipette to study tiny liquid metal droplets and found they develop surface facets that form an 'ethereal dance' as they freeze. This challenge to traditional theory may improve understanding of freezing processes in nature and nanotechnology.
The U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory has developed emission control strategies to meet air quality goals for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The modeling study, funded by the EPA, suggests that regional pollutants and ozone build up over several days due to meteorology and topography.
A new study suggests that tropical rainforests are crucial in slowing down global warming, while planting trees in mid- and high-latitude locations could exacerbate climate change. The research confirms that forests in these regions would not only fail to mitigate the effects of global warming but also potentially increase temperatures.
Livermore researchers have made the most accurate measurement of a nuclear isomer's excitation energy, a crucial step towards controlling its decay. This breakthrough could enable the use of isomers as high-energy density storage systems like batteries, and has implications for quantum computing, general relativity testing, and more.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed flexible electronic structures that can bend, expand, and manipulate devices, paving the way for applications in sensors and artificial muscles. These structures were created by forming single-crystalline semiconductor nanoribbons in stretchable geometrical configurations.
The DOE JGI's 'Shake 'N Plate' instrument, designed to alleviate bacterial culture plating fatigue, has been recognized for its team-driven workplace solutions. The innovation has led to a steady decrease in OSHA-recordable ergonomic injuries and improved productivity at the production genomics facility.
Researchers at PNNL have developed QPAS, a technique using lasers and tuning forks to detect gaseous nerve agent surrogates with extreme sensitivity. The instrument can be miniaturized for field environments and operates unattended for long periods.
A new study by Carnegie Institution and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory reveals that global warming has already affected global food supply, with average yield drops of 3-5% for every 1 degree F increase in temperature. The study estimates annual losses of $5 billion for major food crops.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed an advanced concept in nanoscale catalyst engineering, improving polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for hydrogen-powered vehicles. The study identified a clear trend in the behavior of extended and nanoscale surfaces of platinum-bimetallic alloy.
The Model Coupling Toolkit enabled researchers to couple individual climate models into a single system, improving the accuracy of climate projections. The toolkit played a crucial role in preparing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's new report on climate change.
A. Paul Alivisatos, co-editor of Nano Letters, wins the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award for his contributions to materials research and development of functional semiconducting nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots.
The EO Lawrence Award recognizes eight scientists and engineers for their exceptional contributions in research and development. The winners, including Paul Alivisatos and Moungi Bawendi, are honored for their work in materials science, physics, life sciences, chemistry, and environmental science.
Nine new projects and four renewals have been awarded large amounts of time on IBM Blue Gene/L systems at Argonne National Laboratory through the DOE INCITE program. Researchers will investigate topics such as protein structure prediction, foam formation, and nanoscale light manipulation to advance materials science and computing.
The CDF experiment has measured the W boson mass with unprecedented precision, yielding a value of 80,413 +/- 48 MeV/c2. This result suggests that the Higgs boson could be lighter than previously predicted, making its observation more likely at experiments like Tevatron.
The US Department of Energy's Office of Science has awarded 45 projects 95 million hours of computing time on powerful supercomputers to advance research in various fields, including astrophysics, materials science, and climate research. These awards will enable researchers to create more accurate models, simulate complex processes, an...
George Smoot has been awarded the Daniel Chalonge Medal for his 15-year contribution to the International School of Astrophysics. The award recognizes his outstanding contributions to cosmology and astrophysics, as well as his support for the school's summer and fall programs.
The partnership aims to reduce fossil fuel power plant water withdrawal and consumption, leading to more efficient use of water and energy. Advanced technologies will be developed to minimize environmental impacts and lower treatment costs.
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have discovered 176 proteins associated with plague virulence, offering promising leads for improved disease detection and treatment. The study's findings may also guide the development of new vaccines and therapies to combat the deadly disease.
A new software system called SPRUCE provides computational resources quickly for emergency applications affecting public health, safety, and security. The system supports urgent computing on both traditional supercomputers and distributed Grids, enabling rapid access to massive resources during emergencies.
Scientists have created a new X-ray microscope technique that can observe molecular-scale features with precision, measuring less than a nanometer in height. This breakthrough enables the study of interactions at the nanoscale, which holds promise for advancing our understanding of various scientific and technological fields.
Researchers replaced a single amino acid in a modern desaturase enzyme to create an oxidase, revealing similarities with a simple peroxidase. This substitution supports the theory of a common origin for the two enzymes around 2.5 billion years ago.
The CDF collaboration at Fermilab has discovered two rare types of particles, Sigma-sub-b [Ó <sub> b </sub> ], which are exotic relatives of protons and neutrons. These particles are made of two up quarks and one bottom quark or two down quarks and a bottom quark, and are extremely short-lived, decaying within a tiny fraction of a second.
Researchers successfully synthesized element 118 by firing Calcium ions into a Californium target, producing a record-setting atom that decayed rapidly. The discovery confirms previous claims made in 2006 and ends controversy surrounding the element's existence.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory discovered a way to control the assembly of gold nanoparticles using rigid, double-stranded DNA, which can lead to more efficient energy generation and data storage. The technique takes advantage of DNA's natural tendency to pair up components, allowing for more efficient assembly.
The NIAID has awarded five grants totaling up to $4 million to fund the development of products that eliminate radioactive materials from the human body. The goal is to accelerate the development of previously identified compounds into effective products for licensing in the strategic national stockpile.
The CDF collaboration at Fermilab has discovered the rapid transitions between matter and antimatter in the B-sub-s meson, confirming predictions by the Standard Model. The oscillation rate of 3 trillion per second sheds light on the universe's fundamental nature, challenging existing models of supersymmetry.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has awarded a $998,325 grant to Berkeley Lab's Kenneth Raymond to develop new agents for large-scale radiological treatment. The goal is to test these agents with animals and proceed to clinical trials within 18 months.
Researchers have developed a new method to study materials under extreme conditions, revealing the evolution of high-strain-rate plasticity. The technique combines molecular dynamics simulations with experimental data from laser experiments, providing insights into metal deformation and material strength.
Jean Futrell, a Battelle Fellow at PNNL, receives the American Chemical Society's Frank H. Field and Joe L. Franklin Award for his contributions to mass spectrometry theory and practice. His work addresses fundamental questions in the field through innovative instrumentation development.
Researchers investigate chitosan, a natural and safe biomaterial found in crab and prawn exoskeletons, as a potential chelator to reduce radiation dose. Chitosan's ability to bind and remove radionuclides like cobalt, strontium, and radium is being tested in laboratory rats.
Researchers have found that Thermatoga neapolitana bacteria can produce hydrogen efficiently in a moderately low-oxygen environment. This breakthrough could enable the large-scale production of hydrogen from agricultural resources, paving the way for a clean energy future.
Researchers are developing models to understand electronic interactions in molecular systems, which could lead to more efficient energy production. By predicting the probability of electron transfer, scientists aim to design new technologies such as improved solar cells.
Researchers develop a sophisticated computer model to combine individual, small-scale simulations and analyze real-world problems on the pore scale. This advancement enables more accurate predictions of contaminant movement and fate in groundwater.
The new Petascale Data Storage Institute aims to address the huge amounts of data generated by petaflop computers. Collaborating members will focus on collecting field data, disseminating best practices, and developing innovative system solutions for managing petascale data storage.
The free Access Grid Toolkit has been updated with streamlined user interfaces, robust middleware, and low-level services to facilitate rich collaborations. This new version supports wall-sized display technology, visualization of simulations, and enables seamless communication among researchers across different locations.
Researchers from Sandia National Laboratories tested the system during a series of games, achieving broad coverage of over 40 different chemicals using multiple detection technologies. The Rapidly Deployable Chemical Detection System offers a fast and potentially lifesaving capability to event managers, providing swift protection again...
The new barcode system uses biosensing nanowires with different metal stripes to detect a variety of pathogens. This technology can be used to identify sensitive single and multiplex immunoassays that simulate biowarfare agents, making it easier to detect bio threats in the field.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory discovered that DNA overwinds when stretched, contradicting long-held intuition. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding DNA-protein interactions and could lead to breakthroughs in nanotechnology.
Astrophysicist Saul Perlmutter wins prestigious International Feltrinelli Prize for his groundbreaking research on dark energy and the accelerating expansion of the universe. The prize recognizes Perlmutter's contributions to our understanding of the universe's mysterious force, dark energy.
The Sagittal Focusing Laue Monochromator device can focus high-energy x-rays with a large divergence, solving a technical challenge in light source scientists. It consists of two thin crystals that diffract the beam horizontally, resulting in higher beam intensity and reduced costs.
Dr. Peter D. Lax received the 2006 Distinguished Service to Applied Mathematics prize for his outstanding leadership and contributions to applied mathematics. He is recognized for his services to the mathematical community, including government service and advisory roles in high-performance computing.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have discovered a surprising new understanding of water quality, revealing that ions can co-exist as both outer-sphere and inner-sphere species. This breakthrough could lead to better control of water quality and a deeper understanding of various processes at solid-liquid interfaces.
The four science education kits developed by Brookhaven Lab and WARD'S Natural Science focus on environmental chemistry, bioremediation, protein expression, and protein purification. Students can safely conduct experiments to learn about these concepts, replicating research from the lab.