Articles tagged with Field Studies
Scientists successfully image a single ion in an ion trap system on nanosecond timescale, achieving resolution beyond 175 nm. The technique also demonstrates sub-10nm positioning accuracy and time resolution of 50 ns.
A study by Stockholm University researchers found that PFAS from the ocean re-emitted into air with crashing waves significantly contribute to PFAS air pollution in coastal areas. The transportation of toxic substances from seawater to marine air via sea spray aerosols poses a significant threat to health and the environment.
Researchers found that individual urban trees, such as street trees, can capture and store rainfall at a rate of three times that of clusters or patches. The study used sap flux sensors to monitor transpiration rates in 18 mature red maple trees, revealing significantly higher transpiration rates in single trees compared to cluster trees.
Scientists have investigated the sporulation potential of Phytophthora ramorum on common California plant species. Most species produced spores, with bay laurel and tanoak producing significantly more than others. This study helps predict disease trajectories and informs forest treatment plans.
A study of former journalists found that those who left their jobs voluntarily reported positive well-being and relief, while those who were laid off experienced depression, shock, and financial difficulties. The study also found that the skills honed as a journalist are highly transferable to new careers.
Researchers found that trees are tapping into bedrock for water, a phenomenon previously thought to be rare. The study, led by Erica McCormick at UT Austin, suggests that bedrock is a significant source of water for trees, with rock moisture outdoing soil as a water source in many cases.
A comprehensive review found that site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) increases yield by 12% and profitability by 15%, while saving 18 kg N/ha and reducing environmental risk. SSNM can detect and correct long-standing nutrient input inadequacies, improving outcomes.
A new study reveals zooplankton exhibit high-frequency 'mini-migrations' due to cloud shadows, affecting their energy expenditure and carbon transport. The daily process of swimming up and down in response to subtle changes in light intensity may have significant implications for Earth's carbon cycle.
A new instrument measures atmospheric ammonia with high sensitivity and fast response, allowing for accurate quantification of NH3 emissions from agricultural ecosystems. The open-path design overcomes challenges faced by close-path instruments, enabling long-term and automated measurements.
Earthquakes generated by controlled fluid injection at the Rangely oil field were caused by destabilizing fault pore pressure changes, according to a new mechanistic model. The study revisits data from the decades-old project in light of increased seismicity due to fluid injection.
Researchers found that warmer nights alter the rice plant's biological schedule, causing hundreds of genes to be expressed earlier or later than usual. This disrupts the finely tuned timing necessary for optimal yield, leading to crop losses.
Researchers developed an AI-powered app to improve the accuracy of HIV test results, particularly for laypeople. The app achieved 98.9% accuracy in classifying images, reducing errors compared to traditional interpretation.
A new study validates the Xpert Ultra molecular test as a frontline tool in routine conditions, showing improved sensitivity over its predecessor. The test detects tuberculosis cases with lower bacterial burdens and can identify asymptomatic cases in early stages of the disease.
A systematic review of 300 studies found that children of well-educated parents have a significantly lower risk of dying before age five. The study highlights the importance of mothers' and fathers' education in reducing child mortality, with one year of extra education for mothers associated with a 3% reduction in mortality rates.
A new study by Associate Professor Daniel Russo highlights the importance of strengthening developers' social and technical skills for Agile project success. The study also emphasizes the critical role of top management commitment in providing an adequate organizational setting.
Researchers found that early risers sleep an average of 1.1 hours longer on morning shifts, while night owls sleep two hours longer on evening shifts. Early risers also took more naps prior to their night shifts, compensating for their shorter nighttime sleep.
A recent OSU study found that mass emails encouraging female students to pursue economics degrees may have the opposite effect, worsening gender disparities. The study suggests that more personalized and deliberate interventions are needed to promote diversity in the field.
Scientists study how human emissions impact SOA formation from volatile organic compounds produced by vegetation. Research suggests that anthropogenic pollutants can modify SOA formation potential, which has implications for climate change and air quality.
A new study from the UBC Sauder School of Business found that a subtle shift in organ donor messaging can lead to a significant boost in registration. By combining descriptive and injunctive norms, registrations increased by 70%, suggesting that emphasizing low numbers while highlighting high support motivates people to register.
Researchers from Basel and Würzburg investigated spruce trees' reaction to extreme heat and drought, finding a sudden collapse of the water-conducting system leading to tree death. The study reveals that dehydration occurs abruptly after exceeding a species-specific threshold value, causing trees to be unable to recover.
The study found that face masks hinder recognition of familiar faces slightly more than sunglasses, but have a minimal impact on accuracy. Super recognisers, who have an exceptional ability for face recognition, performed better even when looking at concealed faces.
The study reveals that fundamental processes during perovskite film formation strongly impact reproducibility, and optimizing the antisolvent step can significantly widen the processibility window of perovskite photovoltaic devices.
New UBC research finds female sockeye salmon are dying at significantly higher rates than their male counterparts during migration, leading to skewed sex ratios in spawning grounds. The study identifies four reasons for this trend: depletion of energy reserves, reduced cardiac capacity, stress and disease.
A new study suggests that Lyme disease habitats may be more widespread in California, Oregon, and Washington than previously thought. Citizen scientists collected over 18,000 ticks for analysis, producing valuable data for researchers.
Researchers found that trusting a person early on can have benefits over the life of the relationship, even after a violation of that trust. After a significant gap in time between interactions, people tend to be more forgiving and revert back to their initial impression.
A new study by Oregon State University suggests that low-intensity thinning in riparian zones can aid forest restoration without harming streams. The research examined the effects of shade and light reductions on stream temperatures in three small watersheds in northern California's second-growth redwood forests.
Researchers found that emphasizing aesthetic flaws via 'ugly' labeling increases the purchase of unattractive produce, leading to reduced food waste. The study's findings suggest that consumers may reevaluate their reliance on visual appearance, making them more likely to buy unattractive produce.
A study analyzing 50 years of coral reef biodiversity research reveals widespread 'parachute science,' where international scientists conduct field studies without local engagement. The practice disproportionately affects lower-income countries, excluding host-nation scientists from authorship and limiting knowledge exchange.
A new paper examines the benefits of pick-your-price (PYP) over pay-what-you-want (PWYW) and fixed pricing strategies for firms and consumers. The study finds that PYP enhances purchase outcomes, increases feelings of pricing control without effort, and boosts sales in various contexts.
Researchers found that managing pot fishing intensity at an optimum level increases quality of catch, benefits environment, and makes industry more sustainable. The study provides evidence of a 'threshold' for pot fishing intensity, highlighting compatibility with marine conservation when managed correctly.
A study found that daily physical activity of children and adolescents increased during the lockdown, with an average of 36 minutes more activity per day. However, this was largely replaced by screen time, highlighting the need for alternative physical activities.
Researchers have found that a transmissible cancer affecting Tasmanian devils is shifting from an emerging disease to an endemic one, slowing its spread. The disease appears to be reaching an equilibrium, allowing the population to naturally evolve and possibly resist the cancer.
Researchers found that customers who were shown product images on a display before shopping walked significantly more miles in the store and made double the number of unplanned purchases. A simple tip is to avoid wandering glances with the support of a shopping list.
Researchers at John Innes Centre develop a haplotype-led approach to improve wheat breeding precision. They identified three novel haplotypes associated with improved productivity traits in UK environments, which could be targeted for yield improvement in elite cultivars.
A recent meta-analysis of 5,188 studies reveals that crop diversification enhances ecosystem services while maintaining or improving crop yields. This 'win-win' result has significant implications for agriculture and the environment.
Researchers from Arizona State University used satellite and field studies to identify key factors affecting coral outplant survival. They found that low POC levels, stable PAR, minimal temperature anomalies, and increased water depth are crucial for maximizing restoration success.
Researchers found that providing text message reminders and redesigning the summons form improved court appearance rates by 21% and 13%, respectively. The interventions avoided at least 30,000 arrest warrants and resulted in about 20,000 fully dismissed cases.
A survey of 28 experts in vaccinology predicts that a publicly available COVID-19 vaccine may not be available before the fall of 2021. The majority of experts believe that the best-case scenario is a vaccine becoming available next summer, with some predicting it may take until 2022.
Researchers at Rutgers University discovered that job candidates with disabilities are viewed more favorably when highlighting technical skills rather than soft skills. In contrast, candidates without disabilities benefit from discussing hard or soft skills during initial interviews.
A new study shows promise in reducing foodborne pathogens on tomatoes by applying sanitizers in the field. The method uses FDA-approved additives, significantly reducing bacterial populations and saving labor costs for producers. This approach could become a practical solution for controlling foodborne pathogens.
The Maydan podcast will address various topics and themes across multiple academic disciplines, appealing to both expert and non-expert audiences. A team of scholars from diverse institutions will contribute to the project, leveraging their networks and expertise.
Researchers studied 25 immature chimpanzees learning to use tools, discovering they acquire complex termite-extracting skills over time. The study provides insights into how technology evolved in human culture and highlights the sophistication of Central African chimpanzee tool-using skills.
A new study in the Journal of Marketing identifies cultural variable power distance belief as a determinant of consumers' price sensitivity. Consumers high in power distance belief are less price-sensitive and more likely to seize current offers, reducing their likelihood of searching for better-priced options.
Studies show that some allelopathic winter cover crops may impact row crop yields, with corn and wheat affected by cereal rye chemicals. However, clear cause-and-effect relationships are rare due to limited field studies.
A nationwide survey of dragonfly larvae has confirmed the use of these insects to measure mercury pollution in US national parks, providing a new tool for researchers. The study found that about two-thirds of aquatic sites studied within national parks are polluted with moderate-to-extreme levels of mercury.
A new study by Ohio State University suggests that consumers view independent providers in the sharing economy differently from traditional employees. Firms like Uber and Airbnb should focus on people who provide their services to effectively market themselves to consumers. This shift in perception may have implications for consumer be...
The study found family medicine residents are likely to remain in primary care, alleviating the shortage concern. Moderately encouraging findings suggest these graduates continue practicing in the field.
Daydreaming can have significant upsides for creativity, particularly in professions where workers deeply care about their work. However, when professional identification is lacking, daydreaming compromises performance. The study's findings suggest that most businesses could benefit from removing the stigma around daydreaming at work.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that transient attracting profiles (TRAPs) in ocean-surface velocity data can predict the convergence of drifting objects, such as persons and debris. This information enables search teams to set a tighter search grid and make faster rescues.
A new study found that equity analysts place greater emphasis on early impressions and experience a strong first impression bias that influences their forecasts for up to six years. Negative first impressions had roughly double the economic effect on forecasts compared to positive ones, leading to more pessimistic forecasts.
Researchers tested three passive samples and found lower effective sampling rates due to incorrect mass transfer correction factors. They also discovered a diffusion isotope effect affecting ammonia isotope compositions, with a significant bias of 15.4‰ in urban Beijing.
A new study by an international team of astrophysicists has discovered a subset of delta Scuti stars with simpler and more understandable pulsation spectra. This breakthrough could provide valuable insights into the internal structures of these stars, which have long been challenging to study due to their random spectra.
A study of 588 millennial and Gen X residents and fellows found no significant difference in burnout rates and empathy skills between the two groups. Empathy decreases over physician training, with Hispanic/Latino physicians showing higher scores than Caucasian physicians.
Researchers developed a statistical model to represent driving behaviors and their changes among drivers, accounting for external factors like road structure. The method was applied to Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) technology, showing it can be effective in certain cases but not others.
A new Duke University study finds that microplastic fibers cause cellular changes in fish, including damage to gills and increased egg production in female fish. The study suggests that chemicals from the fibers may be acting as endocrine disruptors, threatening both freshwater and marine organisms.
A $20 million cooperative agreement renewal will focus on developing tools and best practices to aid local governments in disaster preparedness. The project, led by OU engineers, aims to provide practical application of modeling results to community stakeholders.
Researchers created a 3D nematic system using bacteriophage virus particles and microtubules to study the motion of defects in real-time. They found excitations in 3D nematics were primarily disclination lines and loops that can nucleate, shrink, open and merge.
Physicists at Rutgers University have discovered that applying a magnetic field can create a 'quantum critical point' in certain materials, leading to infinite quantum fluctuations and the formation of superconductors. This finding provides important clues for developing room temperature superconductors.
35 coral species on Turks and Caicos Islands remained resilient during a severe global bleaching event. Corals that experienced bleaching quickly recovered, with some appearing healthier in 2017 than in 2014.
A new global analysis shows cover crops universally improve soil microbiome health, increasing microbial abundance, activity, and diversity. Factors such as climate, termination method, and tillage regime also impact the benefits of cover cropping on soil microbes.