Articles tagged with Research Organizations
Scientists create one of the world's smallest electronic circuits, just 150 atoms away, revealing positive and negative interactions between wires. This discovery in quantum physics could revolutionize integrated circuit design and heat management.
The UK Government has committed £75 million to develop the ELIXIR research infrastructure, a pan-European effort to manage and share life-science data. The initiative aims to promote knowledge-based economic growth and facilitate innovation in areas like food security, energy, and health.
Researchers at Imperial College London have developed a way to predict the impact of climate change on animal populations, body size and genetics. By analyzing data from 15 years of wolf population trends, they created a mathematical model that can be applied to other species with similar environmental data.
Archaeologists have discovered Nubian Middle Stone Age tools in Oman, challenging long-held assumptions about the timing and route of early human expansion. The findings suggest that humans entered Arabia by 106,000 years ago, contradicting genetic estimates of 70,000 to 40,000 years ago.
A £3.6 million project seeks to illuminate a fundamental mechanism controlling cells in the immune system as we age. Understanding this process may lead to new possibilities for improving health in older people.
A University of Southampton professor has been awarded a European Research Council (ERC) grant to realise tools for fast, low-cost point-of-care clinical diagnostics and chemical analysis in water pollution and food safety. The £2.6m programme aims to advance biophotonics research in near- to mid-infra-red devices.
McGill researchers have created a unified theory of ecosystem change that considers complex interactions between predators and prey in space and time. Generalist species like foxes play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity by connecting different food webs.
A study by Concordia University found that employees with acute, chronic or episodic illness report higher rates of presenteeism, with caregivers in early education reporting the highest rates. Presenteeism can be influenced by job insecurity and social obligation, but research suggests it may not always be a productive option.
New archaeological evidence suggests that soybean domestication may have occurred as early as 5,500 years ago, with widespread adoption in northern China, Japan, and South Korea. This discovery challenges long-held assumptions about the origins of soybean domestication.
Research from the University of Sheffield found that people are willing to pay extra for greener urban spaces, with greater tree coverage attracting higher payments. The study surveyed public opinions on various redevelopment scenarios and found a strong correlation between green space quality and willingness to pay.
Research finds areas with highest amphibian species richness are most vulnerable to threats. The study suggests multiple drivers of extinction may accelerate population declines over the next decades.
A study published in Nature found that forests are warmer than open areas north of 45 degrees latitude due to higher nighttime temperatures and sunlight absorption, but cooler south of 35 degrees latitude. Forests also have climatic benefits for maintaining or increasing forest cover in southern latitudes.
The COBRA trial found that cryoplasty post-dilation decreases the risk of in-stent restenosis by 26.5% compared to conventional balloon angioplasty in patients with diabetes. Researchers used a cryoplasty dilatation system that simultaneously dilates and cools the vessel wall, inducing smooth muscle cell apoptosis.
The PROFI trial found that proximal balloon occlusion resulted in fewer cerebral ischemic lesions compared to filter protection during carotid artery stenting. This reduction was associated with a lower risk of stroke and other major adverse cardiovascular events.
The EVOLVE trial found that a bioabsorbable polymer stent was non-inferior to traditional durable polymer stents in treating de novo coronary artery disease, with lower rates of late events and reduced need for dual antiplatelet therapy.
A clinical trial testing rotational atherectomy prior to implantation of a drug-eluting stent found that the process was not superior to standard balloon angioplasty and decreased the efficacy of the stent. Rotablation followed by drug-eluting stenting is not supported by randomized studies in complex calcified lesions.
Researchers found that polymer-free amphilimus-eluting stents resulted in significantly lower in-stent late loss at six months compared to paclitaxel-eluting stents. The trial, NEXT, demonstrated non-inferiority of these stents in de novo native coronary artery lesions.
The ADVISE trial demonstrated that instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is comparable to fractional flow reserve (FFR) without the use of adenosine. The study found excellent diagnostic efficiency and correlation between iFR and FFR, with potential clinical implications for improving patient experience and workflow in cath labs.
The TWENTE trial demonstrated non-inferiority between zotarolimus- and everolimus-eluting stents, with low rates of target vessel failure and stent thrombosis. The study showed similar efficacy in a broad patient population with complex lesions and 'off-label' indications.
The REMEDEE trial demonstrated that the new dual therapy stent effectively controls neointimal proliferation, with low rates of clinical events and comparable results to paclitaxel-eluting stents. The study showed non-inferiority compared to a clinically proven stent in ischemic heart disease patients.
The PEPCAD-DES trial demonstrated paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty is more effective than plain old uncoated-balloon angioplasty in treating drug-eluting stent restenosis. The procedure resulted in lower late lumen loss, binary restenosis rates, and major adverse cardiac events.
Horst Sievert, a leading expert in non-coronary interventions, has advanced the field of interventional cardiovascular medicine through technical excellence. He has performed over 25,000 percutaneous coronary interventions and 12,000 peripheral angioplasties.
The STACCATO trial found that transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation (a-TAVI) may be inferior to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in operable elderly patients, with a higher risk of death, stroke, and renal failure at 30 days. The study was terminated early due to safety concerns.
The study found that radial artery access was associated with significantly lower rates of bleeding and cardiac death compared to femoral artery access. This suggests that the transradial approach may be a preferable option for patients with ST elevation acute coronary syndrome.
A study found that transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) provides meaningful clinical benefits compared to surgical valve replacement in patients suitable for the transfemoral approach. In contrast, patients ineligible for this approach experienced no benefit and potentially worse outcomes with TAVR.
A new analysis of the PARTNER trial found that TAVR via the femoral artery is more cost-effective than SAVR for eligible high-risk patients, while transapical approach yields unattractive results from a health economic perspective. The study suggests that refinement of the transapical approach could improve outcomes and reduce costs.
The PARTNER trial demonstrates continued superiority of TAVR over standard therapy at 2-year follow-up, with reduced rates of all cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and repeat hospitalization. Neurologic events were higher in TAVR patients, primarily due to increased hemorrhagic strokes.
The DEB-AMI trial found that drug-eluting balloons with bare metal stents did not meet the primary endpoint of reduced late lumen loss compared to drug-eluting stents. The study also showed that these procedures may induce more pronounced morphological changes, resulting in inferior angiographical and clinical outcomes.
Dr. Eric J. Topol was awarded the 2011 TCT Career Achievement Award for his groundbreaking research on acute myocardial infarction and interventional pharmacology, which has benefited millions of patients with cardiovascular disease. He is also a leader in personalized medicine and digital technology.
The BRIDGE trial shows cangrelor provides effective maintenance of platelet inhibition with no apparent increase in major bleeding, but numerically higher rates of minor bleeding prior to surgery. Researchers found the investigational drug cangrelor could serve as a 'bridge' between discontinuing thienopyridines and surgery.
A new study suggests that migrant South Asians should be classified as obese with a BMI between 23-28 kg/m2, indicating a higher risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The conventional definition of obesity may need to be lowered for this population to detect equivalent levels of cardiovascular risk.
A British team has discovered over 100 fortified farms and villages with castle-like structures in Libya's south-western desert, uncovering new evidence of a lost civilization. The Garamantes were highly civilized, living in large-scale fortified settlements, predominantly as oasis farmers.
A new study found that bundling payments to healthcare providers to reduce costs proves difficult to implement, despite its potential benefits. Researchers identified technical and cultural barriers as major obstacles to the approach.
The report highlights the need for Humanities researchers to build and access 'fit-for-purpose' digital Research Infrastructures, addressing issues like funding models, institutional transformations, and coordination. Digital infrastructures offer new ways to explore old questions and develop new ones in Humanities research.
Andrew Barron, Rice University's Charles W. Duncan, Jr. -- Welch Chair of Chemistry, is honored with the prestigious World Technology Award for Materials for his groundbreaking nanotechnology research in energy and health. His work has led to projects involving down-hole sensors, carbon dioxide mitigation, and cancer treatment.
Researchers at the University of Toronto found that juvenile dragonflies exposed to predatory fish had survival rates 2.5 to 4.3 times less than those not exposed. This stress caused more dragonflies to fail metamorphosis and die, with 11% of larvae dying during this process.
A study by Concordia University explores how IT impacts manufacturing SMEs, finding that strategic planning positively affects performance. The research highlights the importance of autonomous IT management and aligned applications to maximize technological benefits.
A new three-dimensional model of measles virus helps explain unaccounted observations in its life cycle. The study found matrix protein forms helical tubes around the viral genome and nucleocapsid, regulating replication and genome movement.
A study by researchers at the University of Strathclyde found that vividness in face descriptions can be achieved through holistic approaches rather than detailed features. This approach leverages the reader's emotional response to create a more vivid image.
Researchers find that magnetic atoms are necessary for low-temperature superconductivity in heavy fermion compounds. This discovery sheds light on the delicate balance between magnetism and superconductivity, potentially leading to breakthroughs in high-temperature superconductors.
A research team at Virginia Tech has discovered genetic mechanisms behind bed bug resistance to deltamethrin and beta-cyfluthrin. The study found multiple genes that enable the insects to detoxify these insecticides, making them less effective.
Ronald Rudin, a history professor at Concordia University, has been awarded a Trudeau Fellowship to propel his research on Quebec and Acadian identity. He will use the funding to continue making the past relevant to future generations through innovative storytelling methods.
Concordia University professors have been awarded Canada Research Chairs for their work in linguistics, gaming, and cancer research. The funding will support the acquisition of new equipment and infrastructure for seven years.
A new study by University of Cincinnati researchers found that homes near nature trails increase in value by $9,000 for every thousand feet closer to the trail entrance. This suggests that investing in infrastructure and public amenities can result in a positive return on investment for communities.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have created an anti-fouling coating that prevents barnacles from forming colonies, using macrocyclic lactones to shut down their growth. The coating is environmentally friendly and can fully replace copper-based coatings in use on boats.
Researchers have uncovered a key enzyme in plant immunity, NADPH oxidase, which regulates the production of toxic molecules that encourage cell death. This discovery could lead to disease-resistant crop varieties and new treatments for human immune disorders such as chronic granulomatous disease.
Research from the New Dynamics of Ageing Programme found that average wellbeing levels among older people in South Africa and Brazil improved between 2002 and 2008 due to economic growth and social policies. Economic performance, labour market conditions, and pension income were key factors influencing improvement in wellbeing.
Researchers found that mosquitoes are attracted first to carbon dioxide, then to skin odors, which could lead to more effective mosquito traps. The study's findings provide crucial insights into how female mosquitoes locate human hosts for diseases like malaria and yellow fever.
Researchers developed a software toolkit that enables students to conduct their own scientific experiments, analyzing data and reaching conclusions based on hypotheses. The nQuire software covers three key topics of the new science curriculum, promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Researchers aim to overcome fundamental limitations of photosynthesis by improving light capture, sugar production, and molecular structure. Successful projects could lead to significant increases in crop yields for food and bioenergy crops.
Researchers have created a simple nanoantenna that directs red and blue colours in opposite directions, defying wavelength size limitations. This discovery can lead to the development of optical nanosensors for detecting very low concentrations of gases or biomolecules.
Researchers developed a new chip using SPIDER technology to measure ultrafast optical pulse intensity and phase without expensive equipment. The breakthrough paves the way for applications in metrology and optical telecommunications.
Archaeologists have uncovered a large Roman shipyard near Rome, which could be the largest of its kind in Italy. The massive building, dating back to the 2nd century AD, features eight parallel bays with wooden roofs and was likely used for shipbuilding activities.
Researchers excavate Channel Islands, Isles of Scilly, and Outer Hebrides to understand the transition from hunting to farming in Britain. The study aims to answer questions about the processes and timing of this significant lifestyle change.
The Boltzmann constant has been re-determined by PTB scientists using Dielectric-Constant Gas Thermometry, with an uncertainty of 8 ppm. This achievement demonstrates that DCGT is suitable for determining fundamental constants and brings the country closer to redefining the kelvin unit.
The report highlights the importance of living conditions, such as housing quality and access to healthy food, in determining health outcomes. Health Impact Project director Aaron Wernham praises the publication as a 'game-changer' for promoting the use of health impact assessments in decision-making.
A commercial weight loss programme, Weight Watchers, has been shown to be effective in reducing weight and improving health outcomes for overweight adults. Participants who received the programme lost around twice as much weight as those receiving standard care over 12 months.
The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) has been awarded $50,000 by the Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Foundation to discover the genetic origins of Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC), a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer that rapidly progresses without warning.
Researchers refute hopping mechanism, showing that porphyrins' conductivity is influenced by temperature and length, potentially suitable for quantum computing applications. The study highlights the potential of porphyrins as electronic components due to their wave nature.
In exploring the formation of disaster-response agencies after 9/11, a researcher finds that most new nonprofits ceased operation within two years. However, those with stronger ties to families of victims endured past two years. The expert's research also highlights the importance of collaboration and leveraging resources.