Articles tagged with Research Organizations
Chemist Albert Padwa receives Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award for developing fundamental techniques to streamline drug synthesis. He aims to make potential drugs with elegance, high efficiency, and minimal steps.
Chemist Ned A. Porter of Vanderbilt University has discovered how free radicals attack molecules in the body, a process that may be critical to the development of arterial plaque and heart attacks. His work also reveals that antioxidants like vitamins C and E can affect and stop this reaction.
A Penn State researcher finds that churches in lower-income areas offer fewer opportunities for learning civic skills, despite their importance. Church members from upper-class congregations are more likely to develop these skills, but they are less common among lower-class individuals.
Researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography have produced the first direct three-dimensional image of a volcanic system using sound waves. The team used a two-mile long array of hydrophones to record sound signals reflected from a magma chamber beneath the East Pacific Rise, revealing a large and complex magma chamber system.
A new statistical method, called gene-shaving, identifies distinct sets of genes with similar expression patterns in tumors. This technique allows researchers to predict patient survival and treatment efficacy with greater accuracy.
The American Chemical Society is hosting a master class on the chemistry of dietary supplements, shedding light on new findings about quality control and herbal treatments. The class will feature experts discussing conjugated linoleic acid, Ginkgo biloba products, and collaborations with native healers.
Lawanna Harris, a NASA engineering technician, is working on a rocket-based combined cycle engine to make space travel more affordable. Her research goal is to reduce the cost of payload from $10,000 to hundreds of dollars per pound within 25 years.
Anthony Auerbach, a University at Buffalo biophysicist, has been awarded a $2.7 million Jacob Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award to continue his distinguished research on cell communication and synapses. His focus will be on understanding acetylcholine receptors, proteins that facilitate chemical messages across brain synapses.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a vaccine approach to fight the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by infusing it into genetically modified cherry tomatoes. The study found that mice fed with these vaccine-containing tomatoes showed increased antibody production, providing protection against the virus.
Dr. Oliver Smithies has received the International Okamoto Award for his groundbreaking work in hypertensive and arteriosclerotic research using molecular genetics. He pioneered gene targeting techniques that have been widely adopted by researchers worldwide, leading to a better understanding of human genetic diseases.
A new IIASA report examines Namibia's population growth, environment, and development, providing a comprehensive understanding of the country's challenges and opportunities. The study highlights the importance of sustainable human development and explores alternative policy scenarios for Namibia's future.
Researchers at Queen's University have discovered potent antifreeze proteins in insects, which can withstand temperatures as low as minus 30 degrees Celsius. The findings hold promise for agriculture and the frozen food industry, potentially extending growing seasons and improving crop yields.
The University at Buffalo will host a global conference on environmental health, bringing together over 500 researchers and experts from around the world. The conference aims to assess the worldwide disease burden caused by environmental problems and build connections among health centers in Pan America and globally.
Gallium nitride is used to produce very bright light emitting diodes and lasers, and very high power transistors that can operate at high temperatures. The technology has potential applications in mobile phone base stations, surgery, and dentistry, promising huge energy savings and CO2 reductions.
The report recommends creating a new NASA research program to study the effects of low-gravity environments on various technologies. This includes power generation, propulsion, and life-support systems, which will be crucial for human exploration and development of space.
A new model for neuronal cell death in inherited neurodegenerative diseases proposes that mutant genes increase the risk of sudden programmed cell death. Researchers aim to target factors leading to increased neuronal death risk by identifying critical reactions, which could lead to effective treatments.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have discovered a way to spontaneously assemble chemicals into ribbon-like tubules that resemble bacterial cell walls. These micrometer-sized tubules have potential applications in drug delivery systems and as templates for synthesizing inorganic nanostructured materials.
A national survey of 2,326 physicians found HMO physicians are less satisfied with their jobs compared to those in group practices or solo private practices. Time pressure is a major source of dissatisfaction among all physicians, with HMO physicians wanting additional time with patients.
A woman's personal search for medical research information led her to a cure for infertility and miscarriages. The proposal of an online archive for all biomedical research would give free access to latest medical findings, benefiting patients and scientists alike.
The new microrobots, made of gold and polypyrrole, can function in salty broths, blood, and other liquids. They may be useful for fundamental studies, manufacturing small devices, or minimally invasive surgery, according to the researchers.
Researchers have designed a molecule that selectively inhibits gelatinase enzymes, which help tumors grow and spread. This discovery may lead to new treatments for breast and prostate cancers, as well as other types of cancer and inflammations.
The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute has secured a $15 million contract from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to conduct advanced safety research. The consortium will explore human factors research using data collected on actual roadways, test facilities, and simulated driving conditions.
Researchers create a new type of antibiotics that bind to bacterial protein-making machinery, preventing resistance. The approach could yield an antibiotic approximately 1,000 times more effective than the original, offering hope in combating the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.
AAAS and UCSF launch a premier online AIDS prevention information forum, linking peer-reviewed papers, daily features, and resources for scientists. The site aims to accelerate HIV vaccine development by facilitating global collaboration and information exchange.
A collaborative study found that media coverage of new medications tends to exaggerate their benefits, ignore their risks, and fail to disclose their costs. Only 40% of news stories citing experts with financial ties to the drug being studied disclosed this potential conflict of interest.
Researchers will discuss potential anti-cancer properties of selenium in broccoli and analyze human exposure to toxic chemicals through hair analysis. The meeting will also focus on the ongoing contamination of the Great Lakes by toxaphene, a pesticide banned in 1986.
Researchers discovered how brain fills in missing information to help us perceive objects, even when they're partially blocked. This process allows for consistency and continuity in our visual world, enabling us to recognize shapes and objects accurately.
Scientists at HSC have successfully reversed fatal pulmonary hypertension in an animal model using an elastase inhibitor, which stops disease progression and restores normal blood vessel function. This breakthrough research may lead to new treatments for other cardiovascular conditions.
Researchers found that Asian immigrants working in ethnic-oriented businesses tend to have lower educational levels and poorer English skills. This can lead to social isolation, potentially hindering their long-term economic prospects.
A new study published in Behavioral Neuroscience found that exposure to a paired scent and milk can condition newborn rats to suckle on a surrogate nipple. The researchers observed an 80% suckling rate in pups exposed to lemon odor and milk, compared to 20% in control groups.
IBM was recognized by INFORMS for its supply chain management project, 'Matching Assets with Demand in Supply Chain Management with PROFIT at IBM Microelectronics.' The project improved asset utilization by $80 million and customer responsiveness to under one day. The award is the second time IBM has received this honor.
The FAA was recognized by INFORMS for its Ground Delay Program Enhancement project, which has reduced delays by 90,000 hours and saved the airline industry over $150 million. The project uses collaborative decision-making tools to allocate arrival slots and issue ground delays.
Ford's Prototype Optimization Module (POM) reduced prototypes by one fourth, cutting weeks and millions of dollars from development. The module also promoted wider customer-oriented dialogue among design and test engineers and management.
Jeppesen Sanderson was awarded the Franz Edelman Award for its successful implementation of optimization-based decision support tools, resulting in annual cost reductions of $3 million. The company achieved this through flexible planning and technology management, strengthening its competitive position and increasing operating profits.
Air New Zealand won the INFORMS Edelman Award for its optimized crew scheduling project, which improves passenger service and reduces costs by over $15.6 million annually. The project uses advanced optimization methods to efficiently utilize crew resources, addressing a significant issue faced by airlines.
Matthew Warman, an assistant professor of genetics and pediatrics at CWRU, has been selected as a Hughes assistant investigator by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He will receive funding for his research on rare and common human genetic diseases, aiming to improve human health.
Researchers from various fields will discuss normal development and understanding of the visual world, as well as brain failures to recognize objects. The symposium aims to bring together converging perspectives on how our brains organize and interpret visual information.
The two-part documentary series explores how West Virginia became a separate state, with equal support for northern and southern causes. The series highlights the military actions and events that led to West Virginia's secession from Virginia and its subsequent development as a distinct state.
Barbara Fredrickson's broaden-and-build model asserts that positive emotions broaden thinking and action, creating an upward spiral that builds strength, character, and health. Her research shows positive emotions reduce cardiovascular activity and increase psychological resilience.
Researchers at OHSU have discovered new synapses between nerve cells and oligodendrocytes, suggesting a key role in myelin formation. These connections may help answer questions about how nerve cells regulate myelin production, potentially leading to treatments for multiple sclerosis.
Researchers have developed a model called Reconstruction After Feedback with Take the Best (RAFT) that explains how hindsight bias occurs. Consistent with the model, experiments found that knowledge of nutrition values was updated with feedback, reducing hindsight bias.
Researchers found that a synthetic protein resembling the herpes simplex virus mimics beta-amyloid, a toxic agent in Alzheimer's patients. This connection could lead to the development of vaccines or drugs to prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease.
The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center is proud to announce that five of its researchers have been selected as Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigators. Drs. David Baker, Philip Green, and Michael Shadlen from the University of Washington, and Drs. Leonid Kruglyak and Cecilia Moens from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Resear...
A new study reveals that even in countries with universal healthcare, there are significant restrictions on prescription drug accessibility for the elderly. The research found that countries like Australia, Canada, and the UK have varying levels of outpatient pharmaceutical plans, but often come with high costs.
A study by Cornell researchers found a close correlation between cowbird brain size and its singing ability, which attracts females. The research suggests that visual and sexual selection factors go hand-in-hand in determining mating success among male cowbirds.
Researchers found that spices can shield bacteria from irradiation by protecting their DNA, with chili and black pepper offering the highest protection. The study suggests spice extracts could be used to protect healthy tissue in radiation therapy.
Researchers test new fragrances to bait coyotes into consuming birth control drugs, aiming to reduce attacks on livestock and wildlife. The approach aims to decrease the need for lethal methods like shooting, which have cost farmers millions in lost earnings.
A new study found that work/family spillover has distinct effects on physical and mental health, with both negative and positive spillover exerting separate impacts. Positive spillover was independently associated with better health, while less negative spillover was linked to improved well-being.
A University of Washington study found that real-world job training can significantly reduce the likelihood of ex-felons returning to prison. The successful trainees also earned more money and worked longer hours than those in dead-end jobs.
Researchers have localized a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia on chromosome 1, according to a study published in Science. The study involved assessing 300 individuals from 22 Canadian families with a high incidence of schizophrenia over a 12-year period.
A new study suggests that Istanbul is likely to suffer a major earthquake within the next 30 years. The research estimates a 62% probability of strong shaking near the city, comparable to recent disasters in Izmit and Düzce.
The conference addresses early prevention and intervention efforts for children at risk of violent behavior. It presents state-of-the-art research on innovative programs to treat and prevent violence.
UMass researchers are creating a software called Tinkerplots to help middle-school students understand statistics and data analysis, enabling everyday decision making. Prototypes are being tested in two area schools, with the goal of widespread availability in 2003.
The American Psychoanalytic Association's 89th Annual meeting will address a wide range of clinical and societal issues. A public forum on addressing violent youth will be held on May 12, moderated by John Callaway and featuring experts from the University of Pennsylvania and Yale Child Study Center.
Researchers found a five-fold increased risk of OCD in first-degree relatives of patients, supporting the hereditary nature of the condition. The study used diverse patient populations and blinded diagnosing researchers to minimize bias.
Researchers found that local communication, such as talking to neighbors, is crucial for a sense of community. The study also highlights the importance of strategic community organizations and media in building a stronger sense of belonging.
Fox Chase Cancer Center molecular biologist Dominique Broccoli has been awarded a $100,000 V Foundation Scholarship to investigate the role of telomeres in cellular aging. Her research aims to understand how telomere length limits cell growth and renewal, potentially leading to new approaches for limiting tumor growth.
Scientists at Bristol-Myers Squibb identified a novel class of phosphodiesterase inhibitors that act on the same target as sildenafil, showing improved efficacy and selectivity in treating erectile dysfunction. The new compounds were found to be more potent and selective than sildenafil against various forms of the enzyme.
A study found that women are three times more likely to have severe arthritis but less likely to discuss joint replacement surgery with their doctors. Women experience worse symptoms and greater disability due to arthritis, yet they receive fewer replacements.
A new study found that soy foods can help lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease without stimulating harmful hormone activity. The research involved two groups of people on low-fat diets with or without soy, revealing no evidence to support claims of estrogenic effects.