Articles tagged with Research Organizations
A multilevel study of collective efficacy found that neighborhoods with strong, trusting relationships between neighbors have a lower homicide rate. Collective efficacy is characterized by mutual trust and support among residents, who are willing to intervene in crime and delinquency.
Researchers developed a molecular radar system to track signaling enzymes inside cells, allowing them to map the exact progress of intercellular messengers during embryonic development. This achievement has valuable implications for understanding how signals are transferred inside cells and how they go awry in diseases like cancer.
A color-blind approach to equal opportunity for all Americans is unlikely to succeed, according to research by James H. Jones, Ph.D. The study found that humans react to racial differences at an elementary level, revealing deep-seated biases.
Researchers studied 93 gay men with HIV who showed no symptoms when they entered the trial. Stress levels were found to be significantly associated with disease progression, with higher severe life stress increasing the odds nearly fourfold over two years.
Researchers found that Rhododendron maximum restricts the formation of mycorrhizal fungi associations with certain tree species, particularly hemlocks. This limitation combined with resource scarcity hinders young oak seedlings' ability to absorb nutrients, giving Rhododendron an advantage in nutrient competition.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have automated two buses, a pair of cars and an Oldsmobile minivan for an automated highway system demonstration. The vehicles will exhibit various aspects of highway and vehicle automation, including lanekeeping and obstacle detection.
A new study reveals striking fluctuations in blood cholesterol levels among children and teenagers, suggesting that normal cutpoints for testing may need to be revised. The study found that boys' body fatness levels decrease as they mature, while girls' body weight increases with minimal changes in body fat percentage.
New Arecibo radar images show no signs of ice in permanently shadowed areas at the moon's poles. Researchers believe rough surfaces from impact craters may be responsible for observed reflections instead.
A four-phase intensive treatment program, CALM, increases relationship stability and helps clients maintain sobriety through improved communication skills. The program also shows cost savings and reduces domestic violence incidents after treatment
Game shows on TV can reinforce information and change attitudes in kids, according to a study by Ohio University researcher Anne Cooper-Chen. The format is easily replicable in classroom settings, making it a valuable educational tool.
Scientists have found that the fragile X protein is produced in synapse junctions, essential for normal brain development. The discovery reveals a new understanding of the disorder's mechanisms, which may lead to better treatments and therapies.
A new UNC-CH study reveals North Carolina's Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) consumer protection is lacking, with the state receiving only 'C-minuses' for its report card. The study highlights the need for enhanced accessibility, understandable written materials, and improved due process requirements.
A recent study discovered that stimulation of the CD28 receptor can regulate coreceptor expression in activated T cells, potentially preventing HIV-1 infection. This finding may lead to new therapeutic strategies for patients with HIV and other immune deficiencies.
Research on nematodes led to the discovery of potential anti-cancer drugs and antibiotics. The substances, called xenorxides, have proven more effective than traditional anti-cancer drugs in some test settings.
A National Research Council panel recommends hiring criteria, training programs, and better displays for air traffic controllers to maintain situation awareness and improve system reliability. The FAA is expected to assess different types of automation and make recommendations on implementation.
A study found that paying high-performing employees according to their performance can help retain them, as promotions alone do not effectively reduce turnover among top performers. High salary growth also helps retain high performers more than it does low performers.
A study of Medicare data found that stroke patients cared for by neurologists had better survival rates and less disability compared to those cared for by generalists. The study suggests that redirecting patient care to generalists may not be cost-effective, but further research is needed to understand the differences in outcomes.
A CWRU study reveals that blaming people for mental illness can impair family functioning, leading to decreased cohesiveness, communication, and problem-solving ability. The research highlights the importance of understanding causal attributions about mental illness in promoting healthy family dynamics.
Researchers discovered a genetic mutation in the TIE-2 gene responsible for venous malformations, the most common type of birthmark. The mutation disrupts the normal molecular dialog between endothelial cells and their environment, leading to abnormal blood vessel formation.
The report summarizes findings of a workshop on robotics and computer-assisted medical interventions, highlighting advancements in surgical simulations, image-guided therapies, robotics, and teleinterventions. Researchers aim to improve patient care and reduce treatment costs with more precise tools that leverage human skills.
Researchers gather to explore progress and challenges in implementing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty's verification regime, covering seismic, infrasound, hydroacoustic, and radionuclear data. The goal is to detect even tiny nuclear events, making it as difficult as possible for them to slip through.
Researchers at KU Medical Center developed a technique predicting seizures by analyzing brain activity, potentially leading to new treatment options for patients with epilepsy. The algorithm measures seizure and non-seizure components, allowing for up to three-minute warning before a seizure occurs.
A group of scientists agreed upon revised criteria to distinguish different forms of Alzheimer's disease. The new guidelines take into account the distribution of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, providing a more accurate diagnosis and aiding researchers in their understanding of the disease.
The ancient port of Berenike continued to operate for centuries longer than previously thought, with entrepreneurs keeping costs low to maximize profits. Traders brought in luxury goods like elephants, gold, and red coral, while also exporting essential items like frankincense and Indian pepper.
A recent study published in the journal Stroke found that patients who receive primary care from a neurologist after a stroke have better survival rates and less disability. This is in contrast to those cared for by generalists, where death rates are higher despite similar short-term costs.
Microdevices bypass centrifugation, separating molecules as they pass through an H-filter and reading them with optical detectors. These devices will enable immediate diagnoses in ambulances and hospitals.
A Johns Hopkins study found that high-risk gastrointestinal surgery patients are less likely to die if treated at hospitals performing more complex procedures, without increased costs. The study's lead author notes that Maryland's unique data collection system contributed to the findings.
The study reveals that higher brain structures directly control the abstract information in a bird's song, while lower brain centers manage individual notes. Researchers hope to gain insight into how learning influences brain activity patterns.
Researchers are conducting studies on wind load, wind engineering meteorology, and wind flow around low-rise buildings. Computer programs have been developed to calculate direct/indirect costs of natural hazard disasters. The goal is to mitigate damage caused by hurricanes and other severe weather events.
A team of US researchers has cracked the three-dimensional atomic structure of a large RNA molecule, achieved after four years of research. The new image shows the densely packed and highly organized double-helix-shaped regions of the molecule, with magnesium ions providing 'glue' for its organization.
A new report by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) reveals that U.S. taxpayer-financed investments in agricultural research abroad have generated significant economic benefits for U.S. farmers and consumers. The study found that every dollar invested in wheat research produces a return of up to $190, while rice re...
Researchers at the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences are conducting a three-year study on saw palmetto production and management. The study aims to increase knowledge on factors affecting growth and fruiting of the saw palmetto, with potential benefits for farmers in Florida seeking supplemental income.
Professors Fraser Stoddart and David Williams successfully link complex synthetic molecules, enabling the creation of molecular chains with various applications in information storage systems and molecular computing. The achievement represents a significant step towards storing data within molecules smaller than a grain of salt.
A team of researchers has identified a gene responsible for hair growth, tooth development, and sweat gland function. The gene, located on the X chromosome, is associated with a rare genetic disorder called anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (ED), which affects approximately 125,000 Americans.
The US Department of Agriculture has introduced Mediterranean mites to control field bindweed, a perennial weed that infests millions of acres of wheat, corn and other crops in the Pacific Northwest. The mites feed on bindweed leaves, causing galls to form, which weaken the weed and make it more susceptible to herbicides.
A new study found that children living in communities with stricter fireworks laws are 7 times less likely to be injured than those in lenient areas. The study, published in Pediatrics, also recommends a nationwide ban on personal firework use except for licensed public displays.
Researchers at San Francisco State University found a link between the African hornbill's seed dispersal pattern and rainforest regeneration. The team discovered that hornbills distribute seeds in treeless areas, critical for forest regeneration, particularly in cleared regions.
The Byrd Polar Research Center at Ohio State University has acquired the papers, letters, and documents of Frederick Albert Cook, the first American to explore both the North and South Polar regions. The collection, comprising 24,000 items, is expected to shed new light on Cook's claims of reaching the North Pole before Robert Peary.