Articles tagged with Research Organizations
Researchers discovered a link between the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3-9) and cigarette smoking behavior. Individuals carrying this gene were less likely to start smoking before age 16 and more likely to quit smoking, with an average of one and a half times greater success rate.
Luis Montaner, a Wistar Institute scientist, has been awarded a $79,000 grant to support his HIV-1 Patient Partnership for Basic Research project. The project aims to find new treatments and develop vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) through medical research.
A two-year study by Purdue University and McGill University found that 35% of employees promoted while working reduced hours. Successful part-time employees were highly skilled, organized, and flexible, with supportive bosses being a critical success factor.
The article discusses the challenges of maintaining the global research commons, citing issues with existing institutions' lack of organization and staff, as well as national economic demands that hinder international collaborations. Experts emphasize the need to understand 'best practices' from the past to inform reform efforts.
Researchers have found that incineration of solid waste has been the dominant source of atmospheric lead to the New York City metropolitan area, contradicting current mainstream thinking. The study also suggests that solid waste combustion may contribute to other atmospheric pollutants.
The American Chemical Society's spring national meeting will discuss various topics including obesity treatment and the use of geochemicals to detect extraterrestrial life. Over 5,000 scientific papers will be presented to an estimated 10,000 attendees.
A US-France-Canada physics collaboration has confirmed that hydrogen bonds in water partially get their identity from covalent bonds within the H2O molecule. This property is a manifestation of quantum mechanics' effects, enabling researchers to improve predictions and advance areas like nanotechnology and superconductors.
Researchers at the US Department of Agriculture have created an anti-browning treatment that prevents apples from turning brown for up to five weeks. The new technique uses natural products and doesn't require special packaging, with potential applications in other fresh-cut fruits.
The Digital Michelangelo Project aims to create highly realistic, three-dimensional images of Michelangelo's statues, allowing for interactive viewing from any perspective. The project will also enable the restoration of damaged areas through virtual reconstruction and the creation of accurate physical replicas.
A new sensor developed by Johns Hopkins researchers can detect minute traces of nerve agents sarin and soman in water, boasting sensitivity levels a million times greater than previous reported solutions. The sensor combines molecular imprinting with optical luminescence to achieve this remarkable detection capability.
A commonly used sunscreen ingredient, PBSA, can damage DNA when exposed to sunlight, according to a recent study. The research suggests that this could lead to increased risk of developing skin cancer if similar damage occurs within skin cells.
A comprehensive study reveals that new permanent press clothing, paints, floor finishes, wallpaper, and fingernail polishes can emit substantial amounts of formaldehyde. Low-level exposure can cause irritation, while long-term exposure may lead to respiratory difficulties and other health issues.
The National Patient Safety Foundation has awarded four grants totaling $350,000 to researchers studying various aspects of patient safety, including clinical expertise and drug name confusion errors. The grants aim to reduce preventable healthcare errors and promote patient safety as a distinct field of research.
Researchers found a 7% decline in smoking rates among African American smokers who participated in the program, with even greater declines in women under 35. The study suggests that peer-delivered programs can be an effective way to reduce smoking rates in low-income communities.
The Wildlife Conservation Society will use the grant to conduct research in three distinct ecosystems and educate decision-makers about strategies to protect natural systems. The funding aims to safeguard areas within 100 miles of New York City, benefiting both people and wildlife.
A newly discovered glycosphingolipid receptor may help explain susceptibility to urinary tract infections and provide a potential new treatment strategy. The receptor, called sialosyl galactosyl globoside (SGG), is suspected to be on urogenital tract cells in about 30% of all men and women, binding strongly to E. coli bacteria.
Researchers at Michigan State University found that adding cherry tissue to ground beef retards spoilage and reduces the formation of suspected cancer-causing compounds like HAAs. The resulting product had fewer HAAs when pan-fried, with an overall reduction of 69-78.5 percent.
Researchers at The Neurosciences Institute propose a new hypothesis, the dynamic core hypothesis, suggesting that consciousness arises from the synchronized activity of large populations of neurons in the cerebral cortex. This approach aims to explain two fundamental properties of conscious states: integration and differentiation.
The National Journal of Young Investigators (JYI) has published its premier online issue, featuring undergraduate-authored articles in various scientific disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for young scientists to showcase their research, discuss experiences, and connect with the scientific community.
TOPIC ISLANDS transforms large documents into visualizations and excerpted summaries to recognize themes and facilitate easy understanding. The technology can process multiple pages simultaneously and is applicable to daily needs of individuals and organizations.
The new report reveals that drug overdoses and poisonings cause one-third of injury deaths in San Francisco. The city's injury rates are lower than Oakland but higher than Los Angeles and San Jose, while the leading causes of injury death include firearms, falls, and motor vehicle accidents.
Researchers at Amgen have demonstrated how a newly discovered protein regulates feeding behavior, suggesting a potential treatment for obesity. The study found that the protein blocks alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, leading to increased food consumption.
The AAAS Science Journalism Awards recognize the work of individuals who excel in reporting on science and its impact on society. In 1998, four teams of journalists won awards in large newspaper, small newspaper, magazine, television, and radio categories for their outstanding reporting.
The CFIT Reduction Task Force has found that airlines are placing too much faith in new technologies and not enough emphasis on basic training and safety procedures. The task force recommends a checklist and education aid to alert flight crews to the dangers of CFIT accidents, which have increased by seven confirmed incidents this year.
A NASA-led panel aims to create a road map for science communication, considering new technologies and their impact. The Research/Road Map group will focus on adding value to scientific research and communicating findings to the public.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have created a new process called 'intelligent tooling' that uses an executive pin art toy to create precise industrial moulds. The tool allows companies to produce complex products with high accuracy and reusability.
Researchers will use computer simulation to test mathematical theories on faults and failure in complex networked systems. The goal is to develop methods to reduce the frequency of failures and limit their effects.
A study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that two-thirds of analyzed newspaper coverage provided a negative representation of managed care, potentially influencing public opinion and policy. The study highlights the need for accurate and balanced reporting on healthcare issues.
Researchers at UH and AOI create mid-infrared laser on new compliant universal substrate, improving cooling and power output. The technique expands epitaxy options, enabling production of high-performance semiconductor devices like lasers and solar cells.
The University of Colorado at Boulder's archaeological team, led by Professor Payson Sheets, is developing a five-year conservation plan for the ancient village of Ceren. The plan aims to preserve the site's structures, artifacts and agricultural features using ground-penetrating radar and climate-controlled environments.
A recent study at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine reveals that proteins fold through a series of pre-determined, intermediate arrangements. This process allows proteins to correct mistakes quickly and prevent aggregation, which is crucial in fighting diseases like Alzheimer's.
Researchers have identified the gene responsible for Lafora disease, a severe form of epilepsy characterized by seizures and progressive neurological degeneration. The discovery opens up new areas of research into both epilepsy and normal brain function, with potential applications in genetic diagnostics and treatments.
A team of researchers at Case Western Reserve University will study the inner workings of primary care practice to determine its impact on patient health. The grant-funded Center for the Value of Family Practice aims to establish a new level of scientific evidence about family- and patient-centered medical care.
Lee Hartwell, director of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, is one of three scientists to share the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Prize. He has been honored for discovering the universal mechanism controlling cell division in eukaryotic organisms, a fundamental insight into cancer cell mutation and development.
A study found that children of divorce are more likely to become smokers and problem drinkers as adults. For boys, divorce increases the likelihood of problem drinking, while girls from divorced families have similar rates of smoking and problem drinking as those from intact families.
A new report recommends guidelines for governments to evaluate proposals for public investment in freight facility projects, focusing on economic viability and benefits such as reduced pollution and job creation. The report also examines government policies beyond infrastructure investment that affect freight efficiency.
New research from Ohio State University suggests that workplace teams are not the key factor in determining employee behavior. Basic standards of employment, such as job security and good worker-manager relations, were found to be more important than management control in shaping worker behavior.
The National Congregations Study found that 2/5 of American congregations are interested in applying for government funding to support their social service programs, while 1/2 indicate they would not be interested. The study also reveals that only 4% of religious congregations receive government funding for social services.
Researchers at Spalding Sports Worldwide aim to create a golf ball that travels up to five yards farther when hit by the average amateur golfer. They are exploring solid-core balls with modified cores and new crosslinking agents.
A major study of 45,000 Medicare beneficiaries 65 years old or older found that only half received beta-blockers after heart attacks, despite the medication's proven benefit in reducing mortality. This underprescription highlights an opportunity for improvement in caring for elderly patients who are at high risk of another heart attack.
A team led by University of Colorado at Boulder Professor Robert Hohlfelder has discovered a 1,700-year-old Christian church submerged in shallow water off the coast of southern Turkey. The stone church, with an elaborate apse and multicolored mosaic, is likely the only underwater church known from that era.
Cornell University is part of a national effort to pioneer new integrated circuit design and support the US microchip industry. The university's contribution will focus on photonics and novel information distribution methods.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that intervention and participation techniques led to successful decisions 90% of the time, but were used in only 13% and 16% of cases respectively. Meanwhile, managers relied on less effective tactics like issuing edicts, which was used in nearly 40% of cases.
A recent study highlights the importance of delivering bad news effectively to patients with cancer and other serious illnesses. The findings emphasize that withholding information or breaking bad news abruptly can exacerbate distress, while honest and empathetic communication can lead to better adjustment in the long term.
Giorgia Gri, a Wistar Institute visiting scientist, has received a $25,000 fellowship award from the American-Italian Cancer Foundation to study the regulation of Interleukin-12 receptor b2 chain expression. Her research aims to develop safer and more effective IL-12 therapies against cancer.
Researchers found that praising children for their intelligence can lead them to believe good test scores are more important than learning and mastering new things. In contrast, praising effort leads to a focus on learning goals and strategies for achievement.
Caroline Sokol, a researcher at The Wistar Institute, has been awarded the Goldie Simon Preceptorship Award for her work on autoreactive B-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. She aims to earn a joint M.D./Ph.D. to conduct clinical research and improve understanding of the chronic autoimmune disease.
A San Francisco study found that 55% of HIV patients who achieved undetectable viral levels experienced a return to detectability within one year, yet remained generally healthy. The study's findings suggest that maintaining undetectable viral load levels may not be necessary for sustaining wellness.
Research finds that voluntary HIV counseling and testing significantly reduce risk behaviors, including unprotected sex, in individuals and couples. The study, conducted in three developing countries, shows a 50% reduction in risk behavior among participants who received counseling and testing compared to those receiving standard healt...
Researchers found that misoprostol can cause congenital facial paralysis known as Mobius syndrome in children born to mothers who took the drug during pregnancy. The study also showed that mothers who used misoprostol were more likely to have infants with Mobius syndrome compared to those who did not use the medication.
Researchers at Eastern Oregon University developed a new method to assess salt content in fish, reducing waste and ensuring food safety. The technique uses near-infrared spectrophotometry to analyze the salt content of live fish, allowing for precise addition of salt to meet safety standards.
The DFG is establishing 14 new collaborative research centres across Germany, focusing on areas like biology/medicine and natural sciences. These initiatives will enable universities to conduct costly long-term research projects with a focus on young scientists' autonomy.
Researchers at the USDA's Agricultural Research Service are working on a new synthetic trap to lure and capture potato beetles. The trap uses an artificial plant odor that mimics the scent released by damaged plants, which attracts the beetles.
Researchers at Ohio State University identified 15 fundamental desires and values that guide human behavior, including basic needs and social desires. The study found that at least 12 of the desires have a genetic basis, and a new test can measure individual differences in these desires.
Scientists have identified KasA, a critical protein in bacterial growth, as the target of isoniazid. This discovery enables the development of new anti-TB drugs and fast-screening assays to combat antibiotic-resistant strains.
A research team has identified a critical weakness in the defence against aging and discovered that a specific cell type, the motor neuron, is the major target for oxidative damage. By inserting a human gene into fruit flies, researchers were able to boost their lifespan by 40%.
A study of 996 terminated Ohio workers found that those given no explanation of why they were dismissed were 10 times more likely to report suing their former company. Employees who felt treated unfairly or undignified at termination were also more likely to file a wrongful termination suit.
A newly unearthed version of the Laozi (Tao-te ching), dating back at least 2,350 years, is being studied by 30 international scholars. The Guodian Laozi sheds new light on the debate about its authorship and the relationship between Daoism and Confucianism.
Researchers have uncovered 38 additional fossils that provide a more complete picture of Australopithecus anamensis, confirming its status as the most ancient known upright-walking human ancestor. The new discoveries reveal primitive features such as large canine teeth and sexual dimorphism.
Researchers found naphthalene in termite nests, sparking speculation about its source. Termites may produce naphthalene through microbial action on food or soil, according to Dr. Henderson.