Articles tagged with Scientific Associations
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Salivary proteins could be part of a feedback loop that influences food taste and dietary choices. Researchers found that drinking bitter foods altered saliva protein composition, which corresponded to changes in sensory ratings.
Researchers have developed a new class of mosquito repellents based on naturally occurring compounds that are effective in repelling mosquitoes. The compounds mimic the mechanism of nature, which could provide additional protection against mosquitoes, while having fewer environmental side effects.
Researchers find that glucitol-core-containing gallotannins from red maple leaves can block elastase activity, maintaining skin elasticity. The findings could lead to the development of plant-based skincare products and create new economic opportunities for farmers in eastern North America.
Researchers found that consuming whole strawberries daily can significantly suppress symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and improve gut health. The study's findings suggest a potential dietary intervention to mitigate colonic inflammation and increase beneficial bacteria in the gut.
Scientists have developed a method using photosensitizers and nanoparticles to activate oxygen, killing bacteria like MRSA. The technique has shown promise in treating microbial infections and possibly even cancer.
The American Chemical Society has announced its 2018 Talented 12, a group of young scientists working to solve the world's most pressing problems. These innovators are deciphering life on Earth, exploring molecules in space, and developing gene editing technology.
Researchers have developed a new type of battery made from paper and fueled by bacteria, which could overcome challenges of limited resources and commercial batteries. The paper-based bio-battery has shown to be effective in powering small devices like LEDs and calculators, with potential for improvement through further research.
Scientists have discovered previously unknown sulfur compounds causing the bitter taste that develops after chopping onions. The compounds, dubbed allithiolanes, form spontaneously when the onion is damaged, affecting the flavor of resulting dishes.
Researchers create designer polymers with precise properties by controlling the order and number of subunits. They achieve this through a selective approach, allowing for on-demand control over sequence, structure, and architecture.
The article reveals how Japanese companies have mastered the production of high-quality synthetic suede for luxury cars, offering advantages over natural leather and suede. The development of this material has led to a boom in business for manufacturers, with increased demand prompting expansions and ramped-up production.
Researchers created an artificial enzyme that catalyzes a Diels-Alder reaction on the surfaces of living human cells, achieving up to a 50% yield. This breakthrough could lead to the development of therapeutic drugs targeted to specific organs and cells, reducing side effects.
Research on cannabidiol (CBD) has shown promising results in treating rare seizure disorders, with clinical trials halving the number of seizures in 40% of children and young adults. However, more studies are needed to determine its efficacy for other ailments, as some patients experienced side effects.
Research reveals airborne transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARGs) across the globe, with high levels detected in urban areas. ARGs resistant to multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin, were found in air samples from cities worldwide.
Researchers developed a hybrid catalyst that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen efficiently, addressing previous limitations of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The new material, made of iridium dinuclear heterogeneous catalysts attached to a tungsten oxide substrate, offers improved stability and recyclability.
The textile industry is exploring alternative coloring methods that minimize environmental impact, with companies developing dyes that require less water and energy. Innovative approaches like inkjet printing and microbial fermentation are being tested to create more sustainable fashion.
Researchers have found that traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) contains high levels of mercury and methylmercury, with Tibetans exposed to 34-fold higher daily intake than in regions specializing in mercury mining. This exposure results in the release of significant amounts of total mercury into municipal sewage and the environment.
Recent studies have raised safety concerns over CRISPR's precision in human cell lines, but companies are forging ahead with therapies. The technology makes double-stranded breaks at specific sites in DNA to repair defective genes.
Scientists are developing new recycling technologies to break down plastics into reusable materials. Current methods use mechanical processes that partially degrade polymers, reducing product quality. Researchers are exploring alternative approaches, including chemical reactions and biological enzymes to speed up the process.
Researchers developed a portable keyboard using soft Ecoflex silicone rubber with conductive carbon nanotubes that can withstand bending and crumpling. The device is thin, flexible, and inexpensive, costing only $1, making it suitable for everyday life.
State agricultural organizations and researchers are working to improve cannabis cultivation through biological means of pest control and sequencing the cannabis genome. This effort aims to increase the crop's value by providing better growing conditions and fertilizers, ultimately reducing the demand for trained scientists.
While solid body wash is seen as a more eco-friendly option than wrapped and bottled soaps, studies on its environmental impact are still lacking. Experts recommend that consumers learn more about ingredients and packaging-reduction initiatives to make informed choices.
Scientists are making progress in understanding 'smoke taint' in wine after wildfires, discovering links between volatile phenols and glycoconjugates. The study found that fermentation can increase smoky compounds, complicating efforts to remove taint from tainted wines.
Researchers find sunlight can activate organic molecules at ocean's surface, forming larger molecules that seed clouds. This process could impact temperature regulation on Earth, with implications for human health and visibility.
Researchers have developed a type of 'harp' to collect fresh water from fog, outperforming traditional mesh devices. The new harp technology consistently collected more water than equivalent meshes at all wire diameters, with the finest wires collecting over three times the amount.
Researchers have developed a technique to analyze old proteins on historical artifacts, providing insight into past lifestyles and medical conditions. This method, using chromatography resins, can identify biomarkers like morphine and kidney disease indicators, shedding light on the lives of those who created or used these items.
Scientists have successfully synthesized α-amanitin, a deadly mushroom toxin with potential anti-cancer properties. The breakthrough could lead to improved production methods and potentially attenuate the toxin's toxicity.
Kansai researchers successfully synthesized hexa-peri-hexabenzo[7]helicene, the first helically twisted chiral graphene. The discovery offers promising applications in nanomechanics and has unique electronic structure properties.
Researchers develop method to optimize espresso by adjusting grinding size and brew ratio, ensuring uniform extraction and improved taste. The study also explores the impact of temperature on grinding coffee, proposing a solution for more consistent flavor.
Researchers found that adding cellulose fibers extracted from banana plant waste to ice cream can slow melting, increase shelf life, and potentially replace fats used in the treat. The addition of these fibers also improves the creaminess and texture of low-fat ice cream.
Researchers have found a way to upcycle animal dung into paper products using cellulose, which could provide an alternative to traditional wood-based methods. The process involves treating the manure with sodium hydroxide and then bleaching it to produce purified cellulose nanofibers.
Researchers have developed a powerful new 4-D printer that can create self-assembling structures with unprecedented flexibility and speed. The printer uses multiple printing techniques to integrate materials, conductive wiring, and grayscale lighting for advanced shape changes.
Researchers developed a new marriage of materials, combining ultrathin 2-D electronics with miniature particles to create microscopic machines. The devices have simple computing functions and can float in the air, allowing them to access environments they otherwise could not reach.
Researchers have developed a microgel scavenger that targets intestinal toxins, reducing inflammation and supporting natural gut flora. The new therapy has the potential to treat conditions caused by bacterial infections, such as C. difficile-induced colitis.
Researchers create device that absorbs trace fragrances on skin, gathering a profile of scents remaining after rinsing off. By mixing with polymers, they enhance fragrance retention and reduce costs for industry and consumers.
Scientists have developed an affordable specialized polymer coating that can be recharged with bleach treatments to continuously kill bacteria on coated stainless steel surfaces. The coating uses N-halamine polymers and has been shown to be effective against various types of bacteria, including E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Scientists have developed tiny, implantable sensors that can detect various body chemistries without triggering an immune response. The devices are being marketed in Europe and are expected to receive US approval, with potential applications including monitoring oxygen levels in patients with peripheral artery disease.
Researchers have created a new kind of smoke that can block both visible and infrared detection, which is crucial for military operations. The development could lead to the creation of a 'Swiss army knife' of smoke grenades with multiple spectral capabilities.
Scientists are developing a new living sensor that can detect fuel leaks in real-time, allowing for quick repairs and minimizing environmental disasters. The sensor uses bacteria to detect gas leaks and can be placed on the outside of pipes, making it a versatile technique.
The EPA has shifted focus to high-throughput computational models to quickly identify chemicals that require more scrutiny, following a slow start in its previous approach. Researchers have made significant progress, including the development of estrogen and androgen receptor models.
The detergent industry is innovating to keep up with evolving market demands as consumers invest in upgraded products. Manufacturers are now considering e-commerce and sustainable packaging options, such as lighter and leak-proof formulations for long-distance shipping.
Scientists have developed a way to write graphene patterns onto virtually any surface, including food, using a new laser technique. This technology could enable edible electronics that track food origin, storage, and safety, as well as detect harmful organisms like E. coli.
Scientists developed a potent new medicine to fight addiction by blocking an enzyme, resulting in higher GABA levels and reduced dopamine release. The new compound, CPP-115, is 10 times more efficient than vigabatrin and has fewer side effects.
The low FODMAP diet shows promise in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by avoiding common trigger foods like wheat, onions, and apples. Clinical trials indicate that 50-80% of subjects respond positively to the diet.
Researchers are exploring non-invasive biomarker tests to monitor organ transplant patients and prevent rejection. Current biomarkers fall short, but various teams are hunting for new markers such as RNA levels, exosomes, and proteoforms.
Chemically toughened glass is being explored for use in car windshields, providing strength and durability while reducing weight and cost. This new material has potential applications in wearable electronic devices, hurricane-resistant windows, and pharmaceutical vials.
A portable device can identify liquors and determine if they've been altered, offering a strategy for liquor quality assurance. The device uses an advanced sensor array that can detect various scotch whiskies, bourbon, rye, brandy and vodka with greater than 99 percent accuracy.
Three companies - Crispr Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, and Editas Medicine - are launching clinical trials using CRISPR to boost healthy hemoglobin levels in patients with blood diseases. Researchers are also conducting extensive computer predictions and in vitro tests to minimize the risk of accidents.
The American Chemical Society reviews the most intriguing chemistry stories of 2017, including breakthroughs in computing and molecular machines. Chemists also demonstrated their support for science through marches and rallies, while environmental groups protested the Trump administration's TSCA implementation delays.
Researchers created a new coating technology that allows for better control over the flow of water on superhydrophobic materials. By etching paths into coatings, scientists were able to guide water droplets along designated paths without leaving behind a wet trail.
Researchers designed a new type of PUF hardware that can withstand extreme temperatures, microwaves, and high-dose radiation. This innovation provides an additional layer of security for sensitive information, including military personnel's lives.
Solid-state batteries have the potential to replace flammable liquid electrolytes with solids, improving safety and energy density. Industry leaders like Toyota, Apple, and Bosch are investing in this technology, but high costs remain a major obstacle to widespread commercialization.
The UK's exit from the EU has led to uncertainties in future policies and funding for research enterprise and science-related higher education. Many researchers worry about accessing grant money and collaborating with EU partners.
Industry is utilizing 3-D printing technology to reduce production time and costs, with companies like Volkswagen saving hundreds of thousands of dollars. However, material flaws and limitations continue to hinder the widespread adoption of 3-D printed products for consumers.
Researchers have developed a new class of drugs called PARP inhibitors to treat ovarian cancer by targeting synthetic lethality. These drugs aim to kill cancer cells by exploiting their genetic vulnerabilities, offering new hope to those with limited treatment options.
Women and men in chemistry face traumatic experiences of sexual harassment, with many not reporting incidents due to shame or fear of retribution. In response, universities and science departments are establishing training and support networks, while legislation proposes requiring university reports to federal agencies.
Chinese researchers have successfully sent encrypted messages using quantum-entangled photons over a distance of over 700 miles, breaking the previous record. The achievement is significant as it paves the way for practical quantum communication systems.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced a plan to enforce stricter ozone limits, despite opposition from the chemical industry and some environmental groups. The Clean Air Act allows EPA to review and adjust standards for ozone emissions, which have been linked to smog and respiratory illnesses.
Researchers have created an insecticide potion that mimics the scent of flowers and nectar, luring mosquitoes into feeding on it, which is lethal. The 'Vectrax' formulation has shown promising results in suppressing malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases worldwide.
Researchers from Ohio University designed and built the Bobcat Nanowagon, a nanocar with a pseudorotaxane H-shaped frame and four wheels. It traveled 43nm on a gold track before getting stuck, earning a third-place showing in a competition that spurred interest in molecular machines.
Researchers develop microorganisms that convert human urine and CO2 into chemicals to make new plastics and nutrients. The goal is to reduce waste and reuse resources for long-duration space missions, which require minimizing fuel costs by conserving weight.