Articles tagged with Scientific Foundations
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The five-year project aims to reduce the urban-rural divide by awarding nearly $3 million in scholarships and creating STEM career pathways. Students will have opportunities to participate in research or internships related to environmental pollution in the Pacific Northwest.
Researchers develop a technique called dimensional stacking to improve data analysis for materials scientists. By organizing data based on physical and chemical properties, machines can gain insights into complex materials like ferroelectrics. This approach shows that human experience still has a role in the age of machine intelligence.
Researchers led by Abhijit Ghosh are studying the unknown fault that caused a 7.1 magnitude earthquake in Ridgecrest, California. The team aims to understand the physics behind earthquakes and develop more effective warning systems.
Astronomers can now automatically follow up on variable astronomical objects with a range of 0.4-meter to 8-meter telescopes, observing in UV light to infrared. The network uses automated software and generates dynamic observing schedules every 15 minutes.
Researchers used Stampede2 to study shock turbulence interactions at high turbulence intensities, exploring amplification factors, shock jumps and turbulent Mach number. The study aims to improve understanding of turbulent flows interacting with shock waves, enabling advancements in supersonic aircraft design and supernova research.
A new MIT study finds that partisan news coverage has a bigger impact on viewers without strong media preferences, while those with strong preferences may be less influenced. The study suggests that certain types of political media affect different populations in varying manners.
Researchers created a thin, skin-like artificial throat that can convert throat movements into sounds. The device, about double the size of a person's thumbnail, uses laser-scribed graphene and measures vocal cord vibrations to produce speech-like sounds.
A new class of lead-free double perovskites has been developed, showcasing broad emission across the entire visible spectrum and achieving a record-high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) of 70.3%. The material's stability and potential for efficient warm white-light emission make it promising for LED applications.
Researchers have developed a wax-based composite coating that protects lithium metal anodes from air and water, achieving high capacity retention rates. The coating prevents dendrite growth and maintains electrochemical performance under humid conditions.
A new study from Northwestern University shows that a free online training tool can significantly boost scientists' knowledge of team science and increase their self-confidence. The COALESCE tool has been validated by research to help scientists collaborate smoothly, reducing disputes over data access and authorship.
Researchers created a 'polyCOF' material by adding polyethylene glycol to an existing COF structure, enabling the formation of flexible membranes. The resulting material allows for the creation of a paper doll with an artificial muscle that can perform sit-ups by expanding and contracting in response to ethanol vapors.
Auroraceratops rugosus is an early horned dinosaur with a complete skeleton, providing insight into bipedalism in ceratopsians. The fossil, from over 80 individuals, shows a small body size and lacks 'true' horns compared to Triceratops.
The Russian Science Foundation has granted funding to 14 young scientists and six scientific groups at Ural Federal University, focusing on migration, demographic modeling, and nanomaterials. Researchers aim to develop a super-prolonged medication delivery system using hybrid organic-inorganic materials.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh are investigating how small amounts of water affect the molecular structure of ionic liquids at solid-liquid interfaces. The goal is to leverage this understanding to achieve better performance in applications such as energy storage devices and manufacturing.
A new neuromorphic vision system will be developed to capture visual information based on the human brain, reducing redundant data storage and enhancing energy efficiency. This technology has major applications in self-driving vehicles, neural prosthetics, robotics, and general artificial intelligence.
The University of California, Davis, is launching a new program called SHAPE, which merges arts, humanities and science in undergraduate seminars. The program aims to broaden students' perspectives on the value of arts, humanities and sciences, regardless of major or disciplinary focus.
Researchers built a phylogenetic tree based on DNA from newly collected anemone specimens to fill gaps in the origin of these species. They found that as a group, anemones independently evolved the ability to host clownfish three times throughout history, with two groups originating in the Tethys Sea.
A study by Oregon State University researchers found that juvenile northern red-legged frogs stressed as tadpoles are less likely to move on land, putting their survival at risk. The study suggests that climate-related stress can have long-term effects on the distribution and persistence of animals in freshwater habitats.
A National Science Foundation study suggests that localized pollution controls on coral reefs won't suffice, highlighting the need for a worldwide effort to reduce global warming. The researchers found that combined stressors from temperature, nutrient enrichment and physical damage significantly impacted the coral microbiome.
A commentary by Chinese experts critiques the first reported instance of germline gene editing in humans, arguing that it was misconceived due to outdated assumptions about HIV infection. The authors recommend strict laws and regulations to oversee future human germline editing experiments.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have created a new type of origami that can change its shape instantly, altering its structural characteristics. This hybrid origami allows for reprogrammable mechanical properties and customization possibilities, enabling new types of origami-based structures or metamaterials.
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Foundation has honored three K-12 educators for their outstanding contributions to STEM education. The winners, Charlotte Cook, Patricia Palazzolo, and Megan L. Tucker, have inspired their students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
The Russian Science Foundation will support nine research projects from Ural Federal University, with funding ranging from 4-6 million rubles per year. This includes six new projects and three existing ones, which have been working since 2016.
A UK researcher has been awarded a fellowship to collaborate with Chinese scientists on a novel treatment strategy for Huntington's disease. The project aims to establish sustainable research links between the UK and China, with the goal of accelerating the development of an effective therapy for this devastating neurological disorder.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that people from North Africa were among the first to colonize the Canary Islands, arriving by 1000 CE. The researchers analyzed ancient mitochondrial genomes and identified lineages consistent with radiocarbon dating evidence, suggesting a complex and heterogeneous process of colonization.
Astronomers found a pulsar hurtling through space at nearly 2.5 million miles an hour, faster than 99% of those with measured speeds. The discovery sheds light on how supernova explosions can accelerate neutron stars to high speeds.
Chong Qiu, Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the University of New Haven, has been awarded a five-year, $700,000 National Science Foundation Early Career Award for his research on aerosols and their impact on climate change, weather forecasting, and human health. The award recognizes his work on chemicals such as amines that were pre...
Shipra Agrawal, assistant professor of industrial engineering at Columbia University, has developed new learning frameworks and algorithms to account for consumer behavior in product pricing and recommendation. Her research aims to improve matching supply and demand, benefiting both consumers and sellers.
The partnership will provide insights into disease progression and responses to treatment, helping clinicians identify risk factors and inform personalized treatment planning. The project's goal is to promote proactive and tailored care to prevent disease deterioration and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers developed a universal function that links short-range correlations between protons and neutrons in the nucleus to the EMC Effect, a phenomenon where quarks inside nuclei have lower average momenta than predicted. The study provides a possible explanation for the effect and offers a new perspective on the atom's nucleus.
The Zwicky Transient Facility has identified thousands of new objects in the night sky, including binary star systems and black holes. The facility's automated alert system has successfully generated over 1.2 million alerts each night, sharing data with survey partners who are experimenting with machine-learning classification systems.
The Vilcek Foundation awards $250,000 Prizes to immigrant scientists Angelika Amon, Amit Choudhary, Jeanne T. Paz, and Mikhail G. Shapiro for their pioneering work in human biology and disease research. Their discoveries have significant implications for understanding cell growth, cancer, and neurological disorders.
Researchers have created a new type of magnesium battery that uses a rigid-fexible coupling gel polymer electrolyte to achieve improved performance. The battery exhibits reversible Mg plating/stripping performance, high Mg-ion conductivity, and unprecedented improvements in safety issues.
A new study reveals that the loss of coral species diversity can imperil surviving corals and weaken reef systems. Researchers found that single-species plots performed worse than biodiverse groups in a 16-month experiment off Fiji's Pacific shores.
The study analyzed the criteria and remaining issues in Ordovician System subdivision and correlation in China, identifying problems with boundary definition, stage durations, and isotopic dating. It also highlighted the importance of precise age determination for petroleum exploration and development in China.
Researchers sequenced the first complete Himalayan marmot genome, uncovering genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation and hibernation. The findings also shed light on the immune system's role in protecting against diseases like hepatitis virus.
The NSF-funded E-CAS project will investigate the viability of commercial clouds for leading-edge research computing, with Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud Platform as initial providers. The project aims to accelerate scientific discoveries by leveraging cloud computing capabilities.
The convergence of cyber and physical infrastructure enables better decision-making and efficient resource use in smart cities. Chengshan Xiao, Professor at Lehigh University, is exploring novel hybrid precoding designs to reduce cost, complexity, and power consumption in next-generation wireless networks.
The discovery of ASASSN-18bt, a Type Ia supernova, has revealed an unexpected pattern in the light from its first hours, complicating our understanding of how these phenomena originate. The findings suggest that the genesis of Type Ia supernovae is even more mysterious than previously thought.
Scientists have discovered a new strategy to enhance the conductivity of lithium titanium oxide (LTO) anode materials for Li-ion batteries. By applying high pressure, LTO can transform into an amorphous phase that displays better conductivity. The findings provide insight into the relationship between structure and conducting properties.
Researchers used XPCS to study magnetite's electrical conductivity transition from insulator to metallic, finding it occurs in two steps. The technique revealed that the fast phase is one step and the slowing down is the second step, suggesting that metallic and insulating properties coexist during the phase change.
Researchers will develop and test a multi-interface in-vehicle environment to explore how technology can enable safe commutes that combine work with driving. The project aims to increase productivity, well-being, and profitability for workers and firms.
The University of Arizona has received a $1.075 million NSF grant to support underrepresented minority students in engineering graduate programs. The Bridge to the Doctorate program combines financial assistance with opportunities for professional development, aiming to bridge the gap between minorities and STEM doctorates.
Astronomers have discovered the afterglow of a powerful gamma ray burst that produced no detectable gamma rays, offering clues to understanding these highly energetic events. The 'orphan' GRB was found in data from the VLA Sky Survey and is believed to be the result of an explosion that occurred over 280 million light-years away.
The University of Texas at San Antonio has received a $500,000 NSF grant to develop a machine-learning algorithm that can recognize and unmask malicious software. This technology will also categorize the large number of malware in the wild, estimated to be over 669,000 in 2017.
Direct visualization of air flow patterns in the human upper airway has been achieved using in-vitro models with realistic anatomical structures. The study reveals that airflow is a laminar flow with vortices, rather than turbulent, under normal inspiration.
The National Solar Observatory (NSO) has received a supplemental grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to enhance its scientific output and foster collaboration in the field of solar physics. The new funding will support the development of advanced data products, engage graduate students, and nurture international expertise.
The study found that entertainment media has a long way to go to improve stereotypes about women in STEM careers. Despite the presence of female role models, girls and women are less likely to pursue STEM if they don't see themselves represented in media.
A team from Lehigh University and UC Berkeley is developing an efficient Bayesian-guided computational framework to guide the search for new materials. This approach leverages deep learning neural networks to accelerate traditional physics-based simulation methods, enabling researchers to explore previously computationally intractable ...
A team of researchers discovered that flowering plants exhibit a morning peak of gene activity, contrary to the previously established evening peak theory. The study, conducted in natural environments, suggests that artificial growing conditions used in labs may have influenced earlier findings.
The open-source deal.II library has been awarded $1.7 million in National Science Foundation funding to continue its development and support a growing community of users. The new funding will enable researchers to expand documentation, training modules, and infrastructure to further improve the software.
A Wayne State University research team received a $1.57 million NSF grant to study the interaction between drinking water and public health systems during crisis events. The project aims to enhance resilience and promote access to cleaner drinking water for vulnerable populations.
A team of researchers from Clemson University and two other institutions is working to understand the genetics and structural mechanics behind stalk lodging in corn and sorghum. The study aims to break down complex traits into smaller, intermediate characteristics that can be easily grasped at both genetic and structural levels.
The University of Texas at El Paso is leading a national effort to increase the number of Hispanic students participating in computing through a $10 million NSF grant. The initiative aims to have Hispanics comprise 20% of graduates in computing disciplines by 2030.
Researchers have introduced a novel approach to tune transient radical reactivity, achieving selective radical/radical cross-coupling. The four methods proposed by the authors allow for the translation of transient radicals into persistent intermediates, facilitating the reaction.
Researchers from Chile and international institutions have discovered a critical event right before the death of a star, revealing a previously unknown flash in Type II Supernovae. This breakthrough was made possible by using unique data analysis techniques developed in Chile, including machine learning and high-performance computing.
The NSF is investing $60 million in a new high-performance computing system, Frontera, at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. The system will offer unprecedented scale and capacity for science and engineering research, enabling leap-ahead discoveries in fields like physics and molecular dynamics.
A team led by Colorado State University's Steve Simske aims to dismantle illicit supply networks using technology. They plan to use machine learning, analysis of public web sales, and proprietary information to reveal weaknesses in these networks.
The University of Texas at Austin will build the nation's fastest academic supercomputer with a $60 million NSF grant, expected to enable major scientific discoveries in fields like astrophysics and zoology. The system, known as Frontera, will begin operations in 2019 and be twice as powerful as its predecessor.
Will Pearse, a USU biologist, has been awarded a $300,000 NSF grant to study the impact of invasive species like cheatgrass. His project aims to use evolutionary history to model practical ecological challenges and engage students in real-world research.