Articles tagged with Scientific Foundations
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Brown's Data Science Initiative aims to bring together experts from various fields to develop new tools for applying data to complex problems. The grant will support intensive research activity and workshops bringing top researchers to campus to work on improving predictive power of mathematical models.
The UMass Amherst researcher will lead a multi-university project to design artificial autonomous systems with potential applications in personalized medicine and other areas. The goal is to mimic nature's mechanisms for autonomous responses, enabling new innovations and capabilities.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that people's beliefs about scientifically-associated topics become increasingly polarized with education. Education was correlated with both political and religious identity for some issues, while others showed a correlation only with political identity.
Researchers discovered a security success in the Panama Papers project, where globally distributed journalists collaborated remotely via the internet. The investigation exposed offshore companies linked to politicians and corporate bribery scandals, with $2 billion hidden around the world.
Researchers have created a biocompatible fertilizer from carbon dots derived from rapeseed pollen, increasing plant biomass by 50% in treated plants. The process was found to be relatively inexpensive, costing just 3 cents per gram.
Researchers at SUNY Downstate aim to develop a breakthrough neuroprosthetic to restore vision by stimulating brain cells with light, avoiding unwanted coactivation of mutually suppressive neurons. The project seeks transformative advances in viral transfection and imaging methodology to improve human medicine.
The UCSB Brain Initiative, a cross-disciplinary program tackling the mind and brain, has received a significant boost from the Hearst Foundation. The award will support the initiative's efforts to transform our understanding of the human brain and provide new tools for neuroengineering.
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is launching efforts to train ecologists in effective public engagement. The annual meeting will feature workshops, sessions, and a social event to promote knowledge sharing and networking among scientists who prioritize public engagement.
Researchers at Duke University discovered how fungal spores use the power of merging water droplets to launch themselves. The team used high-speed cameras and an inkjet printer to study the mechanism, which involves the release of energy from the merged drop causing the spore to break away.
An innovative system is proposed by Professor Mo Ehsani to address coral bleaching: a single-piece pipe feeding cooler water to stressed coral. The InfinitPipe uses wave energy and clean, renewable sources to power the pump.
Researchers have discovered a new 2D material with unique spin properties, making it a promising candidate for spintronics applications. The material's electronic structure was characterized using X-ray and scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, revealing its potential to carry data more efficiently and with lesser power demands.
Astronomers found new evidence suggesting that a jet of material ejected from one young star triggered the formation of another protostar. The younger star, HOPS 108, lies in the path of an outflow from the older star, HOPS 370. New measurements support the idea that the older star's outflow led to the younger's star formation process.
Researchers have found a crystallized form of DDT that is more effective against insects than the existing one, potentially leading to the development of a safer pesticide. The new DDT crystal form can be administered in smaller amounts while reducing environmental impact.
Research finds that the southern half of the Tibetan Plateau formed in less than one-quarter of the time since India-Eurasia continental collision, with most of the uplift occurring when a denser lithospheric root broke away. The study's findings support a different scenario to the traditional theory on Tibet's formation.
Researchers from Boyce Thompson Institute have sequenced the spinach genome and identified genetic changes due to domestication, revealing potential for improved disease-resistance and higher yield. The study provides valuable information for breeding spinach with better quality and bolting resistance.
Researchers analyzed network traffic from over five billion events to identify malware signals weeks before detection. This allows for early warning of potential attacks, reducing their impact. The study suggests new strategies for malware-independent detection, giving network defenders a timely advantage.
Researchers created long chains of micron-sized metal spheres using an electric field, which then maintained their structure without the need for further application. The discovery could lead to new electronic devices and methods for fabricating conductive paths on different substrates.
The Plant-Biotic Interactions program aims to provide a deeper understanding of complex relationships between plants, microbes, and other organisms. Research funded through this program may lead to novel cropping systems that help plants thrive in extreme environments.
A new species of extinct carnivorous mammal, Masrasector nananubis, was identified in Egyptian fossils dating back 34 million years. The hyaenodont was a teratodontine with largely complete skulls and limb bones.
A team of scientists has discovered a rare sample of the mineral majorite, which originated at least 235 miles below Earth's surface. The discovery provides valuable insights into the dynamic processes occurring deep inside the Earth and its history, including the formation of mountain ranges that persist today.
Tufts University faculty members have won prestigious NSF CAREER Awards for their research in physics, biomedical engineering, civil engineering, and mechanical engineering. The winners will use their awards to advance knowledge and education in their fields.
A collaborative project led by Clemson University aims to improve and simplify large-scale data analysis using the Scientific Data Analysis at Scale (SciDAS) system. The goal is to provide a more fluid and flexible system for researchers to analyze vast datasets, enabling faster discovery and complex computations.
A new MIT study reveals that 31% of NIH grants contribute to private-sector patents in biomedicine, while 8% generate patents directly. The research shows no significant difference between 'basic' and 'applied' research grants in terms of patent generation.
Scientists have discovered a phenomenon where solid metal bismuth retains structural motifs from its liquid predecessor, even when cooled back to solid. This effect, known as 'structural memory', is correlated with changes in magnetic properties and has potential applications in electrical engineering.
Julie Fenton, a Penn State chemistry graduate student, has been selected to participate in the 67th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. She will interact with over 30 Nobel Laureates from around the world, sharing knowledge and ideas during the 6-day meeting.
Using toroidal droplets, scientists at Georgia Tech develop new understanding of shape changes in biological materials. The findings could improve fuel injectors and chemical processes dependent on droplet formation.
The discovery of two partial archaic human skulls from the Lingjing site in central China reveals a complex mix of biological trends among early modern humans. The fossils, dated to around 100,000 years ago, show a blend of features with late archaic and early modern humans, as well as Neandertals.
Stella Offner's research aims to understand how stars form and interact with their birth environments. Her team will perform computer simulations to test different theories on star mass origin and compare models to telescope observations of star-forming regions.
Researchers at Northwestern University successfully integrated borophene with an organic material, forming a self-assembled monolayer next to the borophene sheet. This breakthrough enables the formation of well-controlled interfaces between distinct materials, which is crucial for creating diodes and photovoltaics.
The Bladder Cancer Funding Analyzer (BCFA) offers a free service to analyze funding streams and trends, facilitating better understanding of research organizations' funding portfolios. Researchers can access the BCFA at no charge on the BLC website.
Researchers have created a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries, enabling them to operate at 83% capacity over 900 cycles. The breakthrough could lead to safer and more cost-effective large-scale energy storage solutions.
A Pittsburgh engineer has received a $549,139 NSF CAREER Award to create a new screening method for swallowing disorders. The technology uses high-resolution vibration and sound recordings to diagnose dysphagia, allowing doctors to identify silent aspirators more accurately.
A study published in PNAS finds that climate change will increase the risk of lethal dehydration and mass die-offs of songbirds during heat waves. Small species are particularly susceptible to lethal dehydration due to their high water loss rates.
Lily and Yuh-Nung Jan receive $100,000 prize for their discoveries on neural development, vision, and hearing; Michaela Gack, Michael Halassa, and Ahmet Yildiz win $50,000 for their innovative work in biomedical science
The USDA-NIFA has awarded $3 million in grants for plant and animal phenomics research. The projects focus on developing high-throughput technologies to analyze microbiomes and their interactions with plants and animals, with potential applications in improving human health and food production.
The discovery of Siamogale melilutra, a 3 times larger than modern otters, reveals insights into the evolutionary history and functional morphology of this new species. The fossil's characteristics suggest adaptations for eating large shellfish and freshwater mollusks.
The new inverse algorithm stabilizes CO2 retrieval iterations using Levenberg-Marquardt parameters and a scale factor. Preliminary validations show improved quality of the MDNM-based retrieval results.
The government of Sichuan province recognizes INRS professors Morandotti and Rosei for their groundbreaking work in integrated optics and solar technologies. They will collaborate with the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China to develop novel materials and technologies.
Freeman's lab will use an innovative mouse-tracking software to study stereotypic vision, exploring its impact on brain visual processing and potential strategies to reduce biases.
Researchers have found that ceratosaurian theropod dinosaurs had teeth as young juveniles that were gradually lost as they grew up. The discovery reveals a unique developmental process where the toothed jaws of juvenile individuals transition to a completely toothless beaked jaw in more mature individuals.
A University of Houston team has developed a behavior-based educational toolkit system to improve safe food handling practices for restaurant and grocery store employees. The augmented reality technology streamlines food cleanliness practices for smaller operations, with the goal of enhancing food safety behavior.
A team of researchers successfully completed the largest known instance of transparent checkpointing using 32,768 CPU cores and 38 terabytes of memory. This breakthrough simplifies the work of computer scientists handling large amounts of data, allowing them to process and analyze billions of pieces of weather data without fear of loss.
Michigan State University researchers received a four-year, $2.2 million grant to develop kindergarten curriculum units that integrate science with literacy standards. The pilot project found that kindergartners who participated in the program outperformed their peers on tasks requiring evidence-based claims and science vocabulary usage.
New research indicates that the US will see a ratio of 15:1 record highs to lows by 2065 due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. The study suggests that temperatures are expected to rise by around 3 degrees C over the continental US, leading to more frequent record-breaking heatwaves.
The US Department of Agriculture has awarded $200,000 to four university teams for their innovative solutions in food and agricultural science. The winning teams will receive funding to start a business and participate in an entrepreneurial immersion course to commercialize their inventions.
Two Cornell engineering professors, Paul Steen and Michel Louge, are sending experiments to the International Space Station (ISS) to study the behavior of water in microgravity. Their research aims to gain insights into contact-line mobility and inertial spreading of water droplets, which is important for manufacturing and coating oper...
A study of 20 major cloud hosting services found that up to 10% of repositories hosted by them had been compromised with hundreds of active malware buckets. Researchers created a scanning tool called BarFinder to identify bad content using unique features such as redirection schemes and gatekeeper elements.
A new study by UMass Amherst researcher Bernhard Leidner investigates the consequences of national trauma for both victims and perpetrators. The research aims to explore how different perceptions of intergroup violence and trauma can escalate or de-escalate conflict.
USU has received a $2.7 million NSF Research Traineeship award to train 80 master's and doctoral students in climate adaptation science. The program, Grad-CAREER, integrates research with training from the beginning of each student's program.
The CHARA Array, a world-leading optical interferometer, has been upgraded with a $3.9 million grant from the NSF. This new funding will enable scientists worldwide to access the Array's powerful telescopes and explore stars and planets in unprecedented detail.
Scientists have developed an ultra-fast spectroscopic technique to track the fate of charged pairs in polymer:fullerene blends used in plastic solar cells. This allows for a better understanding of mechanisms and design more efficient solar energy converters.
A collaboration of Chinese and U.S. chemists has developed a highly efficient new method to convert carbon-hydrogen bonds into nitriles, common components of bioactive molecules used in medicinal and agricultural applications.
Researchers at UNIST have developed a novel separator membrane for batteries, featuring higher ion conductivity and enhanced performance. The new material is expected to enable significant advances in lithium-ion battery technology.
The Syracuse University-Cal State Fullerton partnership aims to recruit and expand the number of underrepresented students in gravitational-wave astronomy. The five-year project, funded by the National Science Foundation, will provide multiple three-year fellowships for CSUF students to transfer into Syracuse's Ph.D. program in physics.
A team of neuroscientists and engineers will use a special microscope to reconnect neural communication between brain parts severed by injury or disease. If successful, this could improve conditions for those with Parkinson's, stroke, or neurological problems.
Researchers at the University of Arizona are pioneering phononics, the science of sound, with potential repercussions in fields like energy, biomedicine, and computing. The team, led by Pierre Deymier, is using unconventional materials to manipulate sound waves in new ways.
A new study reveals that greenhouse gases are already accelerating sea level rise, but the impact was initially masked by the massive 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption. The study finds that removing the eruption's cooling effect from satellite records shows a clear acceleration in sea level rise over time.
Researchers at UTHealth are using geographic information system technology and statistical software to analyze demographic and disease pattern data across Houston. This will help identify areas where mobile clinics could have the highest impact in target communities at the lowest cost.
Researchers found that couples who perceive their partner as responsive experience higher levels of desire, feeling special, and valuing their partner. Responsive partners convey the impression that they are worth pursuing, promoting an already valuable relationship.
A new study from TSRI researchers reveals the role of a gene called Mkx in maintaining and strengthening tendons in animal models. The findings may bring doctors closer to using gene therapies to grow and repair tendons.