Articles tagged with Cultural Evolution
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Cliodynamics estimates that societies develop social complexity over 2,500 years on average, with common pathways in human social evolution. The study analyzed data from 370 polities using nine complexity characteristics.
A long-term study on wild orangutan males found that habitats with plentiful food increased the likelihood of social learning and cultural innovation. The researchers discovered that individuals from areas with high food availability spent more time peering at others, suggesting an animal's environment modulates social learning.
A new study reveals that music activates the autonomic nervous system, causing shivers down the spine, regardless of culture. The research found that emotional music triggers specific bodily sensations across Western and Asian listeners, suggesting a universal response to music-induced emotions.
Researchers found that one group of vervet monkeys exhibited more affiliative behavior and reciprocated grooming, suggesting a social tradition. This discovery challenges the idea that ecological differences explain behavioral variations and highlights the importance of social influence in shaping primate cultures.
Researchers found that honeyguides in Tanzania and Mozambique discriminate among human calls, responding more readily to local than foreign calls. This complex communication system benefits both species by increasing their chances of accessing calorie-dense honey and beeswax.
A new study published in Science reveals that modern maize originated from a hybrid of two teosintes created around 5000 years ago in central Mexico. The hybridization event led to the spread of maize across the Americas and later worldwide, becoming one of the world's most important crops.
Researchers found that Paleolithic humans intentionally searched for specific types of rocks, like flint, with desirable characteristics for tool-making. They used techniques like the Schmidt Hammer and Rockwell Hardness Device to analyze rock properties.
Researchers from RMIT University found that Australians aged 20 to 40 years old take more selfies than teenagers and older Australians. Older participants used their smartphones for functional purposes like capturing information at work, whereas teenage participants preferred taking photos during exciting events or with friends.
A new landmark study identifies 14 evolutionary traps that human societies are at risk of getting stuck in, including global climate tipping points, misaligned AI, and chemical pollution. To avoid these dead ends, the researchers emphasize the need for collective human agency and design settings where it can flourish.
Uncontrolled wildfires are threatening environmental progress in Brazilian Amazonia, a critical carbon sink. Deforestation rates have fallen, but fire counts remain high, driven by hotter and drier climate conditions.
Researchers at Kyoto University have discovered two novel yeast species with high oil-forming potential, which could be used to produce alternative biofuels and reduce CO2 emissions. The study also explores the relationship between climate and microbial ecology in Shiga Prefecture.
A new study by Hebrew University researchers reveals that conformity impairs group performance in temporally variable settings. In contrast, lower conformity facilitates more efficient adaptability in groups, shedding light on the nuanced relationship between conformity and group outcomes.
Researchers have provided new insights into the role of lipid droplet-localized CETN-SPDL1-L in regulating cone cell lipid droplet localization, crucial for light sensitivity. The study discovered centrin proteins and SPDL1-L collaborate to maintain correct lipid droplet placement.
The study found a correlation between the emergence of sophisticated stone-knapping methods and a relative decrease in large prey quantities. Stone-tipped spears with Levallois technology allowed for more substantial wounds, increasing hunting success.
Researchers tested memory abilities of bonobos and humans in a series of experiments, finding that humans can learn to distinguish short sequences nearly immediately, while bonobos struggle to retain information and exhibit difficulty learning sequences.
A USTC study reveals the Yangshao culture period's dominant crops were broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, and rice, with millets occupying a main position in agricultural structure. Climate change may have driven this shift around 6400 years ago.
A new study demonstrates that atlatl weapon use by prehistoric females equalizes the division of labor while hunting. The results suggest that female and male interments with atlatl weaponry should be interpreted similarly, indicating women were likely active and successful hunters.
Researchers developed an agent-based simulation model that incorporates memory, forgetting, and sharing information among group members. The study found that agents who forgot less useful behaviors made better choices, demonstrating the importance of forgetting in social learning.
The study explores resonance between narrative medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, highlighting similarities in case histories. By integrating ancient wisdom with modern approaches, a more compassionate healthcare system can be developed.
A new international study reconstructs the legacy of Chile's largest indigenous community, the Mapuche, through genetics and linguistics. The research reveals distinct Mapuche lineages originated locally and have remained in relative isolation, punctuated by episodes of contact with other South American populations.
A new article by David Sloan Wilson explores how cultural evolution happens and how it can be harnessed for the greater good. The article highlights the importance of prosociality, social control, and symbolic thought in shaping human societies.
A team of researchers analyzed stone artefacts from Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, and Caroline Islands to understand relationship between western Pacific Polynesian societies. Geochemical analysis revealed six adzes sourced from a single fortified quarry complex in American Samoa, indicating long-distance mobility.
A team of researchers from Simon Fraser University has produced a state-of-the-art 3D recording of the Temple of Isis in Philae, Egypt. The project uses advanced methods like photogrammetry and laser scanning to document hundreds of graffiti found on the temple's columns, walls, and roof.
The study found that oral transmission has profound effects on music evolution, shaping vocal music towards structures that are easier to learn and transmit. Human transmission biases also play a significant role in evolving musical systems.
Researchers discovered that great apes deliberately spin themselves to dizzy, mimicking human behaviors like whirling dervishes. This study suggests that humans may have inherited the need for altered states from their evolutionary ancestors.
Researchers argue that polders are an important part of China's water heritage, reflecting the country's long history of water management. Over 2,500 years, polders have evolved in response to changing societal needs, adapting to agricultural modernisation and urban encroachment.
The Holocaust Centre North has been awarded a £105,000 grant from the Claims Conference to expand its collection of Holocaust-related materials. The project will digitize the centre's physical archive and increase its size by 50%, making it more accessible to researchers and the public.
The Global Jukebox, an online tool for exploring music and performing arts from around the world, has made its dataset and data available to the public. The database includes 5,776 recordings representing 1,026 societies, with detailed musical style categorization data and additional features such as breath management and instrumentation.
Researchers from ANU uncovered three ancient burials on Alor Island, showcasing different mortuary practices that may relate to multiple migratory routes. The findings provide new data for understanding the evolution and diversification of burial practices in Southeast Asia.
An international research team applied a new dynamical model and exceptional historical data to examine major explanations for cultural complexity evolution. The study found little support for many influential theories, including the transition to agriculture and conflict theories.
The University of Huddersfield is leading a €1.5 million global research project to understand the impact of platform-driven change on public service media. The project will analyze data from 130 interviews, programs, and policy documents across six countries to deliver recommendations for securing public value.
A new study found that microgravity analog culture profoundly affects the microbial infection process in 3-D human tissue models. This is critical for ensuring astronaut health on extended space missions and sheds light on mysterious processes of infection on Earth.
A new study by University of Warwick researchers finds that the adoption of cereal crops is the key factor in the emergence of complex hierarchies and states. Contrary to conventional theory, high land productivity does not lead to the development of tax-levying states.
Research from UMass Amherst found that disbelief in human evolution is associated with higher levels of prejudice and racist attitudes. The study, conducted across 19 Eastern European countries, 25 Muslim countries, and Israel, linked low belief in evolution to biased attitudes towards outgroups and support for discriminatory behavior.
Archaeologists have uncovered a 40,000-year-old culture in northern China that showcases unique stone tools and ochre processing techniques. The discovery provides new insights into cultural innovation during the expansion of Homo sapiens populations.
A recent study of wild Japanese macaques has found atypical tooth wear patterns that challenge our understanding of human evolution. The research suggests that the 'toothpick' grooves and large uniform scratches observed in fossil humans may have been caused by eating shellfish and accidentally chewing grit and sand, rather than tool use.
Researchers found that wild chimpanzees do not independently invent complex tool use behaviors like nut cracking. Instead, they learn from observing and imitating others, similar to humans. This challenges the long-held assumption that chimpanzee culture is non-cumulative.
A study of the Vai script found that it became visually simpler with each passing year, as letters were designed for efficient reading and writing. This pattern of simplification can be observed in other ancient writing systems, suggesting a predictable evolutionary process.
A new study reveals that children globally will confront peers when rules are broken, but their approach differs across cultures. Children from rural areas tend to use verbal protests more than urban kids, who may rely on indirect methods like reputation to enforce compliance.
A new study analyzing 136 ancient Iberian genomes uncovers a genetic mix of local Chalcolithic ancestry and incoming steppe-related ancestry, with additional signals from the Mediterranean and Asia. The data suggests a structured social organization and early state-like formations during the Copper Age to Bronze Age transition.
The study found that advances in iron metallurgy, horse riding, and agricultural productivity played a significant role in the development of military machines. Mega-empires emerged as societies supporting tens of millions of inhabitants and covering vast territories.
Researchers analyzed music diversity in South America, revealing exceptional aerophone diversity in the archaeological record and cultural connections between groups. The study also highlights the impact of European colonization on Indigenous musical traditions.
The discovery of bone tools in Contrebandiers Cave, Morocco, dating back to 120,000-90,000 years ago, provides strong evidence for the manufacture of clothing during this period. The tools, which showed signs of skinning for furs and pelts, are similar to leather working tools found in other archaeological records.
Research suggests that dieting is a consequence of an unhealthy food environment, rather than the cause of weight loss problems. Experts recommend refocusing concerns on changing the food environment to curb dieting and related issues.
A team of researchers, led by Jacob Harris, studied the role of causal knowledge in manufacturing and transmitting traditional bow-and-arrow technology among Hadza hunters. The findings suggest that partial causal knowledge is sufficient for bow-making technology to evolve, challenging the cognitive niche hypothesis.
A lack of coordination among stakeholders hinders biodiversity monitoring, but integrating contributors can improve data collection. This is crucial for identifying factors leading to declines in biodiversity and creating sustainable conservation strategies.
A white-throated sparrow's unique two-note-ending variant has replaced the historic three-note ending across Canada, a phenomenon unprecedented in bird species. The new song's rapid spread is attributed to overwintering grounds, where juveniles may learn and adopt new song types.
A Rutgers-led study challenges the notion that the Ik are selfish and mean, instead revealing their culture promotes generosity. The researchers found that the Ik live by a saying 'tomora marang,' which means it's good to share.
A new study by UCL and University of Zurich found that hunter-gatherer ancestors developed cultural ideas in small social networks, regularly drawing on knowledge from neighboring camps. This social structure allowed for the co-existence of multiple traditions, leading to a higher rate of cultural evolution.
A study on megafauna species distributions across eastern China over the last 2,000 years revealed strong declines for all five taxa. The expansion and intensification of agriculture, along with other cultural changes, were found to be key drivers of these declines.
A study by Aarhus University and Nanjing University found that cultural evolution, not climate change, was the main driver of historical broad-scale biodiversity dynamics. The researchers identified the spread of agricultural land and Han culture as the cause of the extirpation of five megafauna species from much of China.
A new study found substantial variation in how languages conceptualize emotions across thousands of languages, with patterns emerging from colexification. Language families in close geographic proximity share more similar views on emotion than distant ones, highlighting the importance of culture and common ancestry.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to understand intergroup conflicts, finding that acculturation can promote the evolution of conflict. The study suggests that groups may fight for fighting's sake, despite costs, and that cultural evolution can spread conflict.
Researchers analyzed DNA from 763 individuals across the region, finding three distinct east-west genetic groupings correlating with ecological zones. The study reveals previously unknown genetic connections and shifts in ancestry over time, shedding light on human migration and cultural transfer in inner Eurasia.
A study by Arizona State University researchers found that cultural evolution can generate new adaptive knowledge even when individuals don't understand what they are doing. Participants in an experiment adjusted weights on a wheel to optimize its speed, showing improvement without increased understanding.
A collaborative art project on Reddit revealed the dynamics of cultural change, with artworks becoming increasingly interdependent as space ran out. The study corroborates the idea that cooperation is key to success in both biological and cultural contexts.
eVOLVER, an open-source system developed by Rice University, enables high-throughput continuous cell culturing using automated growth experiments. The system can support 96-chamber experiments and allows for real-time data tracking and monitoring of culture conditions, making it suitable for applications in synthetic biology and antibi...
Glioblastoma tumors exhibit cell-to-cell differences that contribute to therapy resistance. Extrachromosomal DNA is found to play a key role in oncogene amplification, driving cancer progression and evolution. Researchers are developing novel combination therapies targeting ecDNA elements to improve treatment outcomes.
A study finds that intensive agriculture facilitates sociopolitical hierarchy in cultural evolution. The results suggest a reciprocal relationship between the two traits, with each facilitating development of the other to a comparable extent.
A new study suggests that smartphone addiction taps into the human need to connect with others, rooted in evolution. By turning off push notifications and setting boundaries, individuals can regain control over their smartphone use.