Articles tagged with Cultural Evolution
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Intact forests are crucial for addressing climate change and protecting wildlife, critical watersheds, indigenous cultures, and human health. The study recommends prioritizing forest conservation based on their relative values, highlighting the need for global policy interventions to safeguard remaining intact forests.
A new themed issue of the Royal Society journal explores human evolution through an interdisciplinary lens, combining biological, anthropological and cultural perspectives. Researchers found that English speakers' regional dialects influenced Sranan creole's development, shedding light on events in human history with few other traces.
Researchers propose a mechanism for ancient culture evolution tied to environment change and technological development, with varying influences at local, regional, and global scales. The study suggests that sudden disasters, climate change, and technological innovations drove social evolution.
Research reveals surprising patterns in letter orientation, favoring certain symmetries and angles, with no evidence of long-term evolution through cultural transformation or selection. The study analyzed over 100 scripts from around the world, finding that human cognitive preferences directly affect character shape.
A new study proposes that cultural activities, such as language use, affect our ability to collect data, make connections, and infer behavior. The research reveals that the brain's limited working memory can be beneficial in some cognitive tasks, unlike our closest relatives, chimpanzees.
A new method, referred to as quantitative criticism, is used to analyze relationships among ancient Latin and Greek texts, mapping the cultural evolution of literature. The study provides new evidence for the impact of writers such as Caesar and Livy on Roman prose literature.
Researchers found wild chimpanzees in Guinea using long and robust sticks as tools to extract freshwater green algae from streams and ponds. This new behaviour variant differs from previous reports and suggests that algae provide an important nutritional benefit during the dry season.
Researchers studied sleeping patterns among Hadza of Tanzania, San of Namibia, and Tsimane of Bolivia, finding that these groups slept an average of six hours and 25 minutes per night, similar to what humans evolved to have. No evidence suggests a negative impact on health.
A study found that people's mind's-eye images of an unknown black male are similar to those of an unknown white male convicted of assault. The researchers also discovered that size and status are linked in opposite ways depending on the assumed race, with larger characters perceived as lower in social influence and respect.
A recent study by Mark Dingemanse and colleagues reveals that language is less arbitrary than previously thought. The researchers found that iconicity, where word forms suggest meaning, and systematicity, a statistical relationship between sounds and grammatical usage, complement arbitrariness in vocabulary structure.
Researchers found that humans can flexibly combine and repurpose pre-existing computations to address new challenges, including online dating and social media. This adaptation allows for rapid deployment of neural resources in new contexts.
Recent developments in science suggest universes naturally produce complexity, leading to rational life and moral culture. Kelly Smith's work proposes a universal basis for morality, potentially establishing common ground with extraterrestrial life forms.
A new study examines how parasites impact primate culture, finding that socially transmitted pathogens increase with learning from others and environmentally transmitted pathogens with exploratory behavior. This research sheds light on the evolutionary pressures driving primate cultural development.
Researchers tracked the spread of novel tool-use behaviors among Sonso chimpanzees, demonstrating that wild chimpanzees learn and adopt new skills from each other. The study provides strong evidence for social transmission and cultural diversity in wild chimpanzee communities.
A study by UCLA social scientists found that men who march in unison with others perceive a potential foe as smaller and less intimidating, leading to increased feelings of power and aggression. The researchers theorize that this phenomenon may be an evolutionary adaptation that favors individuals moving in coordination with groups.
Researchers found that people, especially men, tend to perceive risk-seekers as taller and stronger than cautious individuals. The study used fictional characters and real-life scenarios to demonstrate this phenomenon.
A new study using phylogenetic analysis explores the relationships among different folktales, including 'Little Red Riding Hood', to identify distinct groups spread across regions and cultures. The research suggests that folktales evolve gradually over time, with elements blending together as they spread.
Research finds that war exposure during key periods of life strengthens affinity for one's own group, promoting nation-building or conflict cycles. The study involved participants from war-torn Georgia and Sierra Leone, who showed greater willingness to reduce inequality with partners from their village or school.
According to Concordia University professor Gad Saad, the drive to consume is rooted in a shared biological heritage. He found that four key Darwinian factors - survival, reproduction, kin selection, and reciprocal altruism - shape narratives in consumer products like movies and song lyrics.
A study published in Human Nature found that rural Indonesian Karo Batak people prefer women with big feet, challenging the one-size-fits-all theory of attractiveness. This cultural preference is linked to their ecological context and limited exposure to Western media.
Research published in PLOS ONE shows that chimps can learn more efficient ways to use a tool by watching others. In an experiment, chimps were given juice-boxes with small holes and straws to drink with, and those that watched peers demonstrate the more efficient 'straw-sucking' technique switched to using it.
Savannah sparrows have changed their songs over 30 years, adopting new elements like clicks and shorter trills to increase reproductive success.
A new psychology study from the University of Texas at Austin found that reliance on supernatural explanations for major life events increases with age. People of all ages tend to endorse biological explanations for certain events but also frequently support supernatural explanations, especially among children and adults.
A study found that baby names with popular phonemes in previous years became more popular, demonstrating a connection between cultural evolution and name popularity. The researchers also discovered a correlation between hurricane names and baby names, highlighting the influence of exposure on cultural trends.
Chimpanzees exhibit fine-scale cultural differentiation, with neighboring groups preferring different tools for cracking nuts and varying in hammer size. These differences are maintained even among individuals moving between communities.
Researchers found that people consistently judge pistol-packers to be taller and stronger than men holding other objects, even when hand size and appearance are similar. The study suggests an unconscious mental mechanism that gauges threat and translates it into size and strength dimensions.
Kenneth Miller, a biologist and practicing Catholic, teaches evolution by tracing its development rather than presenting it as doctrine. He aims to help students understand the evidence and logic behind scientific theories. By taking a pragmatic approach, Miller has found that religious students can accept science more effectively.
Duke University professor Amy Laura Hall argues that cultural views on evolution can have significant ethical implications. She critiques popularized ideas about evolution that reinforce racial biases, advocating for a more nuanced understanding of human development.
A study by CSHL and CCNY found that zebra finches raised in isolation develop a song culture after introducing improvisations from their tutors, eventually resembling wild-type songs. The results provide insights into the evolutionary process of language.
Researchers studied stone-handling behavior in Japanese macaques, observing the transmission of traditions across generations. The study found that infant proximity to their mothers influenced development of stone-handling skills, with infants exposed to frequent maternal behavior acquiring the skill more quickly.
A study published in Personal Relationships reveals that women prioritize men who are recognized by peers for their skills and achievements, rather than those who use coercive tactics to subordinate rivals. In long-term relationships, women's preferences for prestige increase, contradicting common dating advice.
Researchers have discovered two new species of bacteria growing on the walls of Rome's ancient tombs, which may help preserve these sites. The bacteria, belonging to the Kribbella group, can produce enzymes and antibiotics with useful properties.
Research on British, French and Brazilian cuisines reveals they evolve slowly due to the founder effect, with idiosyncratic ingredients persisting over time.
A new Stanford University study reveals that human cultural traits are subject to natural selection, with functional traits evolving at a slower rate than decorative ones. The research compares Polynesian canoe designs and finds that faster or slower evolution rates indicate the presence of natural selection.
A new perspective on the origin of civilization is proposed in Science, suggesting many urban centers existed 5,000 years ago in an arc across Middle Asia. Archaeological findings indicate shared trade, iconography, and culture among civilizations.
A UCLA study uses evolutionary game theory to model human behavior in small social groups, finding that cooperation in the context of public goods can be sustained when freeloaders are punished through social exclusion. This suggests a possible explanation for the evolution of altruism and moral outrage.
Recent research by Dr. Endel Tulving suggests that episodic memory is essential for human cultural advancement, enabling awareness of the future. Functional neuroimaging studies have identified regions in the frontal lobes linked to past and future awareness.
The report focuses on crucial problems such as science and technology in society, development, and the environment. It examines how social sciences are organized, financed, and practiced worldwide. The World Social Science Report provides overviews of broad regions, including Latin America, Southern Asia, and Africa.
Theorists contemplate the impact of modern cosmology on Western society, noting a lack of social consensus and rootlessness. Joel Primack presents a new symbol, the cosmic uroboros, to embody an image of the cosmos consistent with modern science.