Middle-aged men led the violence in 1994 genocide in Rwanda
Researchers found that 88% of perpetrators were men with an average age of 34, contradicting criminology theories. A small number of individuals accounted for 25% of crimes in the genocide.
Ethnicity
Articles tagged with Ethnicity
Health inequalities among ethnic groups have increased since pandemic, evidence shows
A new study published in Diabetes Care has reported an increase in health inequalities among ethnic minorities with diabetes since the COVID-19 pandemic. The review highlighted structural barriers such as housing, education, and employment opportunities that put these individuals at greater risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Minorities bore disproportionate mental health impact of pandemic
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that racial and ethnic minorities bore a disproportionate mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. After controlling for various factors, Black participants were 1.16 times more likely to screen positive for depression, while Hispanic participants were 1.23 times more likely to do so.
Men from ethnic minorities earn 10% less than their white counterparts inside the same firm
Research reveals significant differences in earnings between white and ethnic minority workers within the same workplace. The study suggests that changes in pay-setting arrangements are needed to bring parity between workers.
Fatigue, headache among top lingering symptoms months after COVID
A study by Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University found that fatigue and headache were the most common lingering symptoms after COVID-19, reported by 68.5% and 66.5% of participants, respectively. Cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety were also prevalent among participants.
Association between PSA screening, prostate cancer mortality among non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White veterans
Annual PSA screening associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality among non-Hispanic Black men. The study suggests that annual screening may be particularly important for Black men, reducing their risk compared to less frequent screening.
Social isolation and loneliness increase the risk of death from heart attack, stroke
A new scientific statement from the American Heart Association finds that social isolation and loneliness are associated with a 30% increased risk of heart attack or stroke. Younger adults, including Gen Z, experience increased social isolation and loneliness due to higher social media use and less in-person engagement.
Differences in time spent with a dermatologist in patients with psoriasis based on race, ethnicity
A survey study published in JAMA Dermatology found that Asian patients with psoriasis spend significantly less face-to-face time with dermatologists compared to patients of other races and ethnicities. The study highlights the need for improved healthcare access and cultural competence in dermatology care.
Genes involved in heart disease are similar across all populations, VA study finds
A VA study found nearly identical genetic variations contributing to coronary heart disease risk across major racial and ethnic backgrounds. The findings suggest that other factors like access to healthcare contribute to higher heart disease rates in certain populations.
SARS-CoV-2 and vaccine uptake among First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples in urban areas
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that vaccine uptake was low among First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples in Toronto and London, Ontario. The rate for 2-dose vaccination among First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Toronto was 58%, compared to 79% for the overall population.
Race discrimination linked to heightened risk of underweight and premature babies
A pooled data analysis found that experience of race discrimination is associated with a heightened risk of premature birth and low birthweight. The study highlights the importance of addressing racism in healthcare to improve health outcomes for marginalized communities.
Factors associated with cancer treatment delay among patients diagnosed with COVID-19
A study of 3,028 patients with COVID-19 reveals that race, ethnicity, and severity of infection are key factors contributing to delayed cancer treatment. Researchers found that these patient demographic factors are strongly associated with delays in receiving timely medical care.
New in Ethics & Human Research, July-August 2022
The article discusses new guidelines for big data research, including the potential for group harm. It also explores biobank research from an African American community's perspective and the implementation of electronic consent procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Discrimination took a toll on the mental health of racial and ethnic minority groups during the COVID-19 pandemic
Research found that everyday discrimination during COVID-19 led to increased odds of moderate to severe depression and suicidal ideation, particularly among Hispanic/Latino and Asian/Pacific Islander participants. The study highlights the need for clinicians and society to address the toll of discrimination on mental health.
Association of everyday discrimination with depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts during pandemic
A large-scale survey of 62,000 participants found a significant association between everyday discrimination and moderate to severe depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Participants from Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic Asian backgrounds who experienced racism were at higher risk for these conditions.
Researchers look to find why the Dutch are still holding to the traditional image of Black Pete despite the criticism
A recent study by Leiden University researchers explores the cultural significance of Black Pete in the Netherlands. The findings indicate that acceptance of minority groups' unequal treatment is linked to resistance against changing Black Pete's appearance, highlighting a complex social hierarchy.
Study links insulin resistance, advanced cell aging with childhood poverty
A 20-year study found that Black adolescents living in poverty showed accelerated immune cell aging and higher insulin resistance at ages 25-29. The researchers also found associations between childhood poverty, perceived life chances, and premature immune cell aging.
Implicit bias and concern about appearing racist predict teachers’ reluctance to discuss race and racism in the classroom
A new study by Linda Tropp found that teachers' implicit racial biases and concerns about being perceived as racist independently contribute to their lower intentions to discuss race with students. Recent teacher training programs have focused on addressing implicit biases, but not conscious concerns about being seen as racist.
New Hampshire and Northeast U.S. region’s high childhood cancer rates re-examined
A new study from Dartmouth Cancer Center re-examines claims of high pediatric cancer rates in New Hampshire, revealing the Northeast region has a statistically significantly higher incidence of cancer compared to all other U.S. regions. Within the Northeastern states, no single state is an outlier, with significant variations in incide...
Diverse nurse workforce linked to better maternal health outcomes in childbirth
A study by Columbia University found that diverse nurse workforces are associated with reduced risk of life-threatening complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and the post-partum period. Racial and ethnic minorities face higher risks, with Native American mothers having the highest incidence of severe adverse maternal outcomes.
Proportion of healthy-weight young people trying to shed the pounds in England nearly tripled
The proportion of healthy-weight young people trying to shed pounds in England has nearly tripled from around 1 in 20 to nearly 1 in 7 over 20 years. Reported slimming attempts among all children, particularly those who are overweight and obese, have shot up, surpassing the rise in excess weight gain and service provision.
Who is Black? Canadian health research must clearly define Black communities or risk failing their needs
A University of Ottawa professor argues that Canadian health research must define Black communities accurately to meet their needs. The use of precise language is crucial for comparing study findings, ensuring that only self-identifying Black people participate in studies.
Overly restrictive salt intake may worsen outcomes for common form of heart failure
Research suggests that overly restrictive salt intake may worsen outcomes for people with a common form of heart failure, particularly in younger individuals and those of black and other ethnicities. The study found that participants who consumed more salt had a lower risk of hospital admission for heart failure.
Racial, ethnic disparities in cancer care during pandemic
A survey study of 1,240 adults with cancer found racial and ethnic disparities in cancer care during the pandemic. Black and Latinx adults reported more delayed cancer care and adverse social and economic effects compared to their white counterparts.
Best FIFA Men’s Player Award appears to be biased by cultural similarity
A study analyzing FIFA voting data from 2010-2016 suggests cultural similarity biases results. Captains were found to be more biased than coaches, while media people were the least biased.
New $4M NIH grant awarded to researchers at Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University to fund groundbreaking research on disparities in hepatitis B and liver disease in Asian-Americans
The new grant aims to address structural racism and discrimination affecting Asian-Americans with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and liver cancer. Researchers will examine factors such as socio-historical hardship, segregation, and mistrust of the health system to improve quality of care.
Evaluating restrictions on tobacco sales to youth younger than age 21
A survey study of over 12,000 high school students in Cleveland found substantial reductions in tobacco product use and decreased disparities across racial and ethnic groups. The findings support the potential of raising the minimum legal age to purchase tobacco to 21 to achieve equity.
Apgar scores discriminate the risk of infant mortality after birth less well in certain racial groups – including Black infants – than in White babies
An observational study found that Apgar scores less accurately predict mortality in certain racial groups, with Black infants facing a higher risk despite lower scores. The study analyzed data from over 6 million US-born infants.
Johns Hopkins researchers call for closing gap in collecting racial and ethnic data in studies of rare genetic condition
A systematic review of US-based studies on Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) reveals a lack of racial and ethnic data, potentially impacting treatment and diagnosis. The study highlights the need for inclusive research designs to address growing concerns about racial disparities in HHT care.
Blacks found twice as likely to have atherosclerosis as Hispanics in young adult populations in underserved communities
A new Mount Sinai study reveals that young Black adults are twice as likely to have atherosclerosis as their Hispanic counterparts. Researchers used comprehensive questionnaires and 3D vascular ultrasounds to determine cardiovascular risk scores, finding significant discrepancies between the groups.
Racial, ethnic differences in oxygen supplementation among ICU patients
A study of 3069 ICU patients found racial and ethnic disparities in oxygen supplementation, with Asian, Black, and Hispanic patients receiving less oxygen than white patients. Pulse oximeter performance may be contributing factor to these disparities.
Telemedicine disparities, adverse outcomes in patients with thoracic cancer
A study of 720 patients with thoracic cancer found increased odds of unsuccessful telemedicine visits among Black and disadvantaged patients. Unsuccessful telemedicine visits were associated with worse clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for improved access to healthcare.
Changes in relationship between income, life expectancy during pandemic in California
During the California pandemic, a significant decrease in life expectancy was observed for both 2020 and 2021 compared to pre-pandemic periods. The study found that the life expectancy gap by income level increased, with the poorest populations experiencing more pronounced declines in life expectancy.
Relaunched doctor reward scheme is missed opportunity for fairer reform
The relaunched National Clinical Impact Awards (NCIAs) are seen as a missed opportunity to create a more inclusive and team-based recognition system. Critics argue that the scheme still focuses on individual achievements, potentially perpetuating existing inequalities in the NHS workforce.
Association between perceived race, operative autonomy in general surgery residents
A cross-sectional study of 885 surgical residents revealed that trainees perceived as white received similar autonomy, while those perceived as African American, Black, Hispanic, or Latinx experienced disparities. Autonomy differences were negligible by the end of residency.
Black and Hispanic men with throat cancer experiencing higher death rates; white men increasingly being diagnosed at a late stage
A Rutgers-led study reveals racial disparities in HPV-associated throat cancer outcomes among males in the US. Black and Hispanic men are dying from throat cancer at a higher rate than white men, with most new cases being diagnosed at late stages.
Ethnic pride may help protect Latino college students from problem drinking
A new study suggests that developing culturally-sensitive interventions for Latino college students can help prevent problem drinking. The research found that ethnic pride was associated with significantly less drinking and alcohol-related consequences, while ethnic shame was linked to a higher likelihood of problem drinking. Familismo...
UTSA professor to use NSF grant to improve understanding between man and machines
A UTSA professor will use a five-year $550,000 grant to study natural language processing and develop NLP models tailored to specific population groups. The goal is to improve the accuracy and relevance of these models in everyday applications.
Eligible younger Americans less likely to meet recommended colorectal cancer screening guidelines and face greater disparities
Researchers found eligible younger Americans (45-54) are less likely to meet recommended colorectal cancer screening guidelines due to work, family, insurance, and healthcare barriers. These disparities may worsen as the age group is expanded under new USPSTF recommendations.
Study examines data transparency, health equity in U.S. COVID-19 response
The study found that legislatures, rather than governors, played a crucial role in shaping data reporting practices. Standardized data collection protocols and comprehensive race and ethnicity data are essential for addressing health disparities and reducing information asymmetries.
Study finds low vitamin D levels in young people of color
A University of Houston study found that 61% of Black and Hispanic adolescents have low vitamin D levels, which can lead to cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, type 2 diabetes, and renal disease. The research emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among clinicians about social determinants of health and providing culturall...
Racial, ethnic disparities in postpartum care during pandemic
A study of over 45,000 women found racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum care accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that Black and Hispanic women experienced slower access to postpartum care compared to their white counterparts.
‘Structural racism’ cited in study of breast-biopsy delays
A study published in JAMA Oncology found significant disparities in breast biopsy delays among non-white women, with Black women experiencing the longest delays. Structural racism within healthcare facilities and screening site-specific factors contribute to these disparities.
Factors associated with time to biopsy after abnormal screening mammography results by race, ethnicity
A study of 45,000 women found significant racial and ethnic disparities in the time it takes to receive a biopsy after an abnormal screening mammogram result. Factors such as individual characteristics, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and healthcare access were also associated with delays in biopsies.
Assessing digital, community-based outreach interventions to encourage COVID-19 vaccination in an underserved community
The study investigated changes in vaccine recipient demographics before and after digital and community-based outreach interventions in an underserved NYC community. The findings suggest a positive impact on vaccine uptake among racial and ethnic groups, highlighting the effectiveness of these interventions.
Scientists hope to create a health ‘scorecard’ for dementia risk
Researchers are developing a health scorecard to predict dementia risk using brain scans, genetics, and biomarkers. The study will analyze diverse populations between ages 65-90, providing insights into contributing factors like diabetes or hypertension that can be addressed to modify the risk.
Data gaps for race and ethnicity are holding back antiracism efforts, new report says
A new report highlights the nation's race and ethnicity data shortcomings, recommending federal leadership on standardizing demographic data collection and reporting across critical issue areas. The report aims to help policymakers craft solutions that take into account where resources should be concentrated to address racial disparities.
Cardiac rehab attendance lower among Asian, Black and Hispanic adults at all income levels
Research found significant disparities in cardiac rehabilitation participation by race/ethnicity regardless of income. Cardiac rehabilitation programs combine physical activity with counseling to improve recovery after a major cardiovascular event.
Assessing ethnic inequities, subpopulation estimates in COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand
The study investigates relative gaps in COVID-19 vaccination between ethnic groups, finding significant disparities in vaccination rates. Researchers use different population estimate methodologies to analyze the resulting population risk among people in New Zealand.
How the pandemic limited access to opioid addiction treatment for racial and ethnic minority groups
A Rutgers study reveals that racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to obtain prescriptions to treat opioid addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic. This trend is particularly concerning, as minority groups face more barriers to healthcare and are already disproportionately affected by the pandemic.
A better understanding of survival rates for lung transplant recipients
A recent study published in the Journal of Cardiac Surgery found that lung transplant recipients have a standardized mortality rate approximately five times higher than nonhospitalized adults. The main causes of death include rejection of the new organ, pneumonia, and infections.
U of M to study multilevel structural racism on whole person health across the lifecourse
The University of Minnesota is studying how various levels of discrimination affect mental, physical, and social health. The study aims to develop interventions that promote health equity by addressing individual, neighborhood, institutional, and societal/policy levels of structural racism.
Accuracy of diagnostic mammograms may vary across racial and ethnic groups
A study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that diagnostic mammogram accuracy differed across racial and ethnic groups. Asian/Pacific Islander women were more likely to receive false-positive reports, while non-Hispanic Black women were more likely to receive false-negative reports.
Perspectives of Latinx individuals who were unvaccinated, hospitalized for COVID-19
The study investigates the perspectives of Latinx individuals who were unvaccinated, hospitalized for COVID-19, providing insight into their experiences with vaccine hesitation. The researchers aimed to understand the reasons behind this behavior and how it relates to healthcare access and cultural factors.
Study finds that accurate diagnostic mammography outcomes vary by racial and ethnic groups
A multi-institutional study found that diagnostic mammography outcomes vary across racial and ethnic groups, with higher accuracy in non-Hispanic white women and lower accuracy in Hispanic women. The study suggests that imaging facility and concurrent use of breast ultrasound or MRI may contribute to some disparities.
Studies point to role of lifestyle factors in Alzheimer’s risk and disparities
Researchers found that healthy choices, such as no smoking, high leisure-time exercise, and adequate sleep, are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, intakes of certain polyphenols, commonly found in tea and other foods, may also play a role in protecting brain health among Black participants.
Families with limited English proficiency are less likely to question their child’s hospital care
A new study at 21 US children's hospitals found that patients with limited English proficiency are less likely to question their child's hospital care due to language barriers. The researchers called on hospitals to ensure that families who speak languages other than English have an equal opportunity to speak up and potentially interce...
Childcare, employment disruptions during pandemic among caregivers of children with, without special health care needs
During the COVID-19 pandemic, childcare-related employment disruption increased by approximately one-third. Caregivers for children with special health care needs experienced significantly higher disruptions, as did those from low-income families and racial and ethnic minority groups.
Native Americans face disproportionate travel burden for cancer treatment
A study by Washington State University researchers found that Native Americans have to travel up to 103 miles farther than non-Hispanic whites to reach the nearest radiation therapy facility. This significant burden can lead to delayed or foregone treatment, resulting in poorer cancer outcomes.
Missing race, ethnicity information in healthcare.gov marketplace enrollment data
A study of HealthCare.gov Marketplace enrollment data from 2015 to 2021 found that 32% of enrollees lacked reported race or ethnicity information. Disproportionately, Black and Hispanic individuals were more likely to have missing data, suggesting the marketplace may serve a more diverse population than indicated by self-reported data.