Articles tagged with Infants
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A study found that 21.4% of infants born to mothers with confirmed Zika virus infection had sight-threatening eye abnormalities, including optic nerve and retinal issues. Screening eye exams are recommended regardless of CNS abnormalities or timing of maternal infection during pregnancy.
A new study has identified a tool to detect signs of autism in high-risk infants with TSC, a genetic disorder. The Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) was found to be a useful clinical tool in determining which infants are at increased risk of developing ASD.
A study by UC Davis researchers found that mountain gorillas harbor a strain of lymphocryptovirus 1, similar to the Epstein-Barr virus in humans. The virus is widespread among infant gorillas, infecting 52% of those studied, with no symptoms reported in live gorillas.
Researchers propose a potential connection between carnitine deficiency and mild forms of autism, which disproportionately affect males. They suggest that supplementing infants with carnitine could prevent up to 10-20% of cases of autism.
Researchers found that by one year old, infants prefer speakers of their native tongue but not unfamiliar languages. Infants also form positive biases toward prosocial behavior from familiar language speakers, suggesting an innate preference for similar groups.
A new study shows that preschool children learn fewer words from storybooks with double-page illustrations compared to single-spread books. The effect can be reversed if the reader gestures to the correct page while reading.
Researchers found that infants born with high birthweight were at risk of obesity from an early age, highlighting the importance of early attention and lifestyle changes. The study suggests that pediatricians may counsel parents of high birthweight babies to prevent weight gain and related health problems.
A recent study by University of Kent researchers has found that premature babies have longer telomeres than their term-born counterparts, contradicting the expectation. This finding suggests other factors may influence telomere length in premature infants and raises the possibility that prematurity affects aging rate.
A new study documents preeclampsia's alarming rise, with the condition costing $2.18 billion in healthcare expenditure in the first 12 months after birth. Mothers and infants affected by preeclampsia face increased risks of adverse health events, including cardiovascular disease and respiratory distress syndrome.
A randomized clinical trial investigated whether allowing infants to self-feed solid foods reduces the risk of overweight. The study found that a baby-led approach did not improve energy self-regulation or body weight but showed benefits in attitudes towards food.
Breastfeeding peer support services vary across UK regions, with only 56% of NHS areas offering them. Mothers from poorer areas often face challenges in accessing these services, exacerbating existing health inequalities.
A new study found that distractions occurred in almost half of feedings, with technology-based distractions being the most common. Mothers enrolled in WIC reported better feeding interactions, but frequent engagement in distractions was predicted by having more children or certain infant characteristics.
A Georgia State University study found that early-life inflammatory pain increases sucrose intake and decreases memory-related protein expression in adult rats, with female rats showing more pronounced effects. The study suggests that preventing pain in premature infants may reduce the risk of obesity.
A study funded by NIH found that 31% of SIDS infants had elevated serotonin levels in their blood, suggesting an underlying vulnerability to the condition. Researchers propose testing blood samples for serotonin to distinguish SIDS cases from other infant deaths, but caution that more research is needed.
The infant mortality rate for black infants decreased from 14.3 to 11.6 per 1,000 births from 2005 to 2012, then plateaued before increasing again from 2014 to 2015. In contrast, white infant mortality rates declined steadily over the same period. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions, particularly reducing preterm b...
A study published in PNAS found that early environmental exposures predict DNA methylation of inflammatory genes, leading to increased inflammation and disease risk in adulthood. Nutritional, microbial, and psychosocial factors in infancy are associated with epigenetic changes that shape inflammation and health.
A new study by UBC sleep expert Wendy Hall found a correlation between thoughts about infant sleep and parental depression. After a sleep intervention, parental depression lifted significantly, with a notable reduction in mothers' (30%) and fathers' (20%) high depression scores.
Rutgers researchers found premature infants between 24-27 weeks have a three times higher risk of dying before first birthday due to SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths. Safe sleep practices, such as putting infants on their back to sleep, can help compensate for this risk.
A new study found that electronic books captivated toddlers' attention, encouraging more engagement and participation during reading sessions. Compared to traditional print books, toddlers showed higher levels of attention, engagement, and correct animal identification when reading electronic books.
A recent study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that HIV-positive women with cytomegalovirus (CMV) are more likely to transmit the virus to their infants, increasing the risk of congenital CMV infection. The study also found a significant association between gonorrhea and CMV transmission.
Researchers are studying the clinical outcomes of children infected with Zika virus after birth to examine long-term brain development. Neurodevelopmental testing will be conducted to identify changes in children infected with Zika virus.
A new study reveals a significant increase in US hospital admissions for neonatal abstinence syndrome, caused by mothers using opioids during pregnancy. The condition carries a substantial burden on healthcare resources, resulting in nearly $316 million in costs and extended hospital stays.
A pharmacokinetic study found no significant placental transfer of certolizumab pegol (CZP) from mothers to infants during pregnancy. CZP levels in infant blood samples were below the lower limit of quantification, suggesting a safe treatment option for women with rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy.
Research found that early-life exposure to severe famine as a fetus or infant significantly increases the chance of having dyslipidemia in adulthood. The association was true for women but not men, suggesting cultural differences may play a role. Severe maternal under-nutrition during pregnancy could also contribute to the increased risk.
A large-scale study found that premature babies born at 23-24 weeks were ready for kindergarten on time, while those born 25 weeks or later performed only slightly lower than full-term infants. Nearly 2% of extremely premature babies achieved gifted status in school.
A novel study found that short duration of breastfeeding and maternal obesity are associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescents. Breastfed infants who were fed infant formula milk before six months had a 40% increased likelihood of NAFLD.
Research from the University of Rochester Medical Center suggests that preterm infants may be more susceptible to lung diseases due to a lack of alveolar type II cells. These cells play a crucial role in rebuilding lung tissue after damage and producing pulmonary surfactant, a vital compound for healthy lungs.
Experts agree on routine screening, medication-assisted treatment, and addressing pain management for women with opioid use disorder. Research is needed to improve outcomes for affected women, newborns, and families.
A new study by McMaster University has found that delaying the introduction of potentially allergenic foods until after a baby's first year may increase the likelihood of a food allergy later on. Infants who avoided cow's milk products, egg, and peanut during their first year were more likely to be sensitized to these foods at age one.
A new study published in NEJM suggests a modest increased risk of cardiac defects with lithium use during the first trimester, approximately two cases per 100 live births. The dose-dependent association found supports a more nuanced understanding of lithium's effects on fetal development.
Researchers linked brain connectivity changes to ASD diagnosis in 11 of 59 high-risk infants, predicting symptoms up to two years old. Early detection could significantly improve quality of life for people with autism spectrum disorder.
Researchers used functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) to scan 59 high-risk, 6-month-old infants, finding that brain patterns preceded behavioral symptoms of autism. The technique accurately predicted diagnoses in 82% of cases, with 93% accuracy in smaller groups.
Researchers used MRIs to analyze infant brain connectivity and synchronize brain regions. The study found that differences in these connections at six months could predict autism diagnoses at two years old, with the machine learning classifier correctly identifying 81% of babies who developed autism.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that women who gained more than the recommended weight during pregnancy were at a higher risk of small for gestational age, preterm birth, and cesarean delivery. In contrast, those who gained less than the recommended weight had a lower risk of large for gestational age and macrosomia.
A Phase I clinical trial demonstrated the safety and tolerability of activated B. infantis EVC001 in breastfed infants. The study found no difference in adverse events between supplemented and unsupplemented groups, but significant colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract was observed.
A new study from McMaster University found that ethnicity and breastfeeding practices independently affect the gut microbiota in infants as young as one year old. The research revealed a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria in South Asians and Clostridia in white Caucasians, suggesting potential links to future health issues such a...
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that taking antidepressants during pregnancy is not associated with neonatal problems at two to four weeks after birth. Instead, preterm birth was the major factor linked to newborn signs of agitation and restlessness.
Exposure to common anesthesia drug sevoflurane in infancy results in visual recognition memory impairment, which emerges after the first year of life and may persist long-term. Researchers used a rhesus monkey model to investigate the effects of repeated anesthesia exposure on neurocognitive function.
First Nations and Inuit babies were hospitalized at twice the rate of non-Indigenous infants for preventable illnesses like respiratory diseases and infections. This disparity highlights substantial unmet needs in Indigenous infant disease prevention and medical care.
Researchers found that marmosets' vocal calls developed rapidly when given contingent feedback, mirroring human infant language development. This discovery establishes causality between parental responses and vocal learning in nonhuman primates.
A Temple University Health System study analyzed the impact of combining baby boxes and personalized sleep education on reducing bed-sharing in infants. The research found that face-to-face postpartum education and providing a baby box with a firm mattress and fitted sheet reduced bed-sharing rates by 25% in the first eight days of life.
A new biomarker has been identified that can predict the risk of lung disease and death in extremely preterm infants. The biomarker is related to endothelial mitochondrial function, which can be measured using umbilical cord cells collected at birth.
Researchers found that viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in infants may lead to oxidative stress and recurrent wheezing in early childhood. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, and measuring it in urine samples during a viral ARI may predict the development of recurrent wheeze.
A new study published in the European Congress on Obesity reveals strong and direct effects of parental BMI, low income, and smoking on a child's future BMI and risk of overweight. The research controlled for birthweight and early life BMI to show that these factors have a lasting impact.
A recent analysis of 16 studies found that fluoxetine use during the first trimester is associated with a 18% increased relative risk of major malformations and a 36% increased risk of cardiovascular malformations.
Penn Medicine's Pennsylvania Hospital and HUP receive a three-year grant to develop an innovative safe sleep program addressing newborn deaths in Philadelphia. The program aims to promote and evaluate safe sleep practices through nurse, parent, and community education, with the goal of reducing Sudden Unexpected Infant Death rates.
A new study suggests that corticosteroid treatments given to pregnant women just hours before delivery can significantly increase the survival rate of very preterm infants. The research found that antenatal corticosteroids reduced infant mortality and severe neonatal morbidity, particularly when administered shortly before birth.
A study presented at the ESPGHAN conference warns that young children on a vegan diet without proper medical and dietary advice may experience vitamin B12, calcium, zinc, and high-quality protein deficiencies. These deficiencies can lead to devastating health effects, including irreversible cognitive damage and death.
The study found that hepatitis C infections among pregnant women increased by 89% from 1.8 to 3.4 per 1,000 live births between 2009 and 2014. Rural counties in Tennessee and West Virginia saw the highest rates of infection, with nearly 8% of pregnant women infected in some counties.
Researchers developed an ethnically sensitive screening methodology to identify Latino infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder. The unique approach resulted in a 90% screening rate and a 4% referral rate for further testing, mirroring US English-language toddler study findings.
A study found that fathers who interact more with their babies in the first few months can positively impact cognitive development. Babies of involved dads scored higher in cognitive tests at two years old, regardless of gender.
A new study by researchers at UCLA found that breast milk contains distinct and diverse bacterial communities that transfer to the infant gut. The study suggests that breastfeeding plays a crucial role in shaping the infant's gut microbiome, with changes observed in a dose-dependent manner.
A new UCLA-led study found that breast milk contains nearly a third of the beneficial bacteria in a baby's intestinal tract, and that continued breastfeeding after solid food intake maintains this advantage. This research suggests that breast milk plays a crucial role in establishing a healthy gut microbiome.
A new study found that buprenorphine significantly reduces the duration of therapy for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), cutting treatment time by nearly half. Buprenorphine is a longer-lasting drug than morphine and works differently at the opioid receptor, making it more effective and safer.
A recent clinical trial found that buprenorphine is as safe and effective as morphine in treating newborns with withdrawal symptoms after prenatal drug exposure. The study showed a 42% decrease in treatment length compared to standard morphine, with an average treatment duration of 15 days versus 28 days.
The COBRE for Reproductive Health aims to develop research infrastructure for a center supporting interdisciplinary research in women's reproductive health. Four investigators will focus on understanding mechanisms of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and prematurity using pre-clinical models and computational approaches.
A study found that breast milk feeding in premature infants (weighing less than 1,500 grams) improves white matter microstructural organization, which may predict better neurologic outcomes. This increase suggests more robust fiber tracts and microarchitecture of the developing white matter.
Reading to infants as early as six months can have a lasting impact on their language and literacy skills, with higher vocabulary and reading abilities recorded four years later. The study found that the quality and quantity of shared book-reading during infancy and toddlerhood are strongly tied to later emergent literacy skills.
Research presented at the 2017 Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting suggests that handheld screen time use is associated with increased risk of expressive language delay in infants. Children under 2 years old who spend more time playing with smartphones, tablets, and other handheld screens are more likely to begin talking later.
A new study reveals a previously unknown mode of communication between the hippocampus and red nucleus during REM sleep in infants. This synchronization is essential for motor control development and may contribute to motor problems in disorders like autism and schizophrenia.