Articles tagged with Infants
A new study found that infants attribute more value to rewards that are harder to attain, indicating they can grasp concepts of reward and cost. Infants gaze longer at scenarios where the character chooses a less desirable reward over a more accessible one, suggesting they understand that greater effort is needed for better outcomes.
The study identified five subgroups of eczema in children, with one-third resolving by age five and others persisting into adulthood. Genetic risk factors contribute to long-lasting eczema, highlighting the need for tailored treatments and clinical trial approaches.
A new study suggests that a second HIV test can substantially reduce incorrect diagnoses in infants, saving costs on unnecessary treatment. The study found that confirmatory testing reduces the number of infants incorrectly diagnosed with HIV by 99.6%, leading to cost savings over a lifetime.
Researchers found that babies as young as six months old can recognize relationships between words and objects, such as cars and strollers. This understanding of word relationships is linked to the amount of time caregivers talk about objects in their daily lives.
A study examines infants' understanding of word relationships at 6 months old, finding they look longer at unrelated image pairs. The learning environment plays a crucial role in developing language comprehension in early childhood.
A recent NIH study found that obese pregnant women are more likely to give birth to large infants, with fetuses experiencing longer bones and higher birth weights. This increased fetal growth may predispose these infants to obesity and cardiovascular disease later in life.
A new study at Queen's University is using a nipple-monitoring device to evaluate the feeding skills of high-risk newborns in intensive care. The goal is to better identify and address feeding difficulties, allowing for more accurate treatment recommendations and potentially shorter hospital stays.
Researchers found that cockatoos excel at fitting shapes into specific frames without requiring training or visual alignment like humans. They require fewer attempts to insert simple shapes compared to non-human primates, highlighting an allocentric frame of reference similar to toddlers.
The study found Africa has the highest burden of GBS, causing 54% of estimated cases and 65% of stillbirths and infant deaths. A vaccine could potentially prevent 231,000 infant and maternal GBS cases with an 80% effective rate.
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) bacteria affect an estimated one in five pregnant women worldwide, leading to stillbirths and infant deaths. A new study estimates that GBS is responsible for at least 147,000 stillbirths and infant deaths globally each year.
A new study suggests that biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy do not significantly increase the risk of opportunistic infections in infants. Researchers found no significant difference in infection rates among infants whose mothers used biologics compared to those who did not.
Researchers found that babies prefer to look at the likely option when it is easier to distinguish, but not when the difference is smaller. Six-month-old babies can also estimate which color makes up the majority of balls and choose accordingly.
A new law in Rhode Island requires coverage for fertility preservation prior to gonadotoxic medical therapy. The authors of the perspective published in NEJM recommend revising existing non-infertility-related mandates or establishing a separate definition for fertility preservation, which could encourage other states to follow suit.
A clinical trial shows that nusinersen, a new medication, is 'transformative' for babies with spinal muscular atrophy, enabling them to show gains in motor function and increasing their chances of survival. The treatment was approved by the FDA for all patients with this progressive neuromuscular disorder.
A new study demonstrates that babies can learn, remember and use contextual cues in a scene to guide their search for objects of interest. The study found that 6-month-old babies showed steady improvement in finding faces in repeated scenes, but didn't get any quicker or more accurate in finding faces in new scenes.
Researchers developed illuminated pajamas that emit therapeutic blue light directly onto a baby's skin, improving the treatment experience and reducing discomfort. The photonic textiles, woven into satin fabric, are breathable, comfortable, and suitable for everyday wear.
Researchers discovered that mothers with high levels of neutralizing antibodies were more likely to pass on HIV to their infants through breast milk. Infants born to these mothers were also at higher risk of serious illness or death from the virus.
A longitudinal study published by the American Psychological Association found that women who breastfed their children longer exhibited greater maternal sensitivity well past infancy and toddler years. The effect sizes were small, suggesting the bond may be strengthened through multiple interactions, not just breastfeeding.
The American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) has published a Best Practice Statement on pelvic organ prolapse, emphasizing the importance of proper evaluation and counseling for women. The statement outlines treatment options, including physical therapy, pessaries, and surgery, tailored to individual patient needs.
A recent study revealed that only 11 percent of pediatricians follow guidelines for introducing peanut-containing products to infants to prevent allergies. High-risk babies, those with egg allergy and/or severe eczema, are not being referred for testing prior to introduction.
A new study suggests a significant increase in childhood peanut allergies in the US, with rates rising 21 percent since 2010. Nearly 2.5 percent of U.S. children may have an allergy to peanuts, and black children are disproportionately affected.
Researchers developed software using machine learning to analyze EEG signals from preterm infants, providing an estimate of brain functional maturity. The method is more precise than current methods and enables automatic monitoring of premature infant brain development.
Research discovered a developmental abnormality in babies' brains that increases risk of SIDS when sleeping on their front. The abnormality affects the control of breathing, heartbeat, and responses to oxygen deprivation.
A new study finds that continuously recording aEEG data provides more accurate predictions of outcomes for infants undergoing cooling therapy. Infants with persistent abnormal patterns are at increased risk of adverse outcomes, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring.
Recent research reveals that some infant rice cereal samples tested for high amounts of methylmercury, posing health risks to babies who consume them. The study found rice-based cereals had significantly higher levels of the substance compared to products with no rice.
Researchers observed maternal responses to infant crying across 11 countries, finding common brain activity patterns in new mothers. The study suggests a neurobiological and evolutionary basis for the human maternal response to infant cries.
Researchers found that infants can match emotions with probable causes and search for the cause when it's incongruent. They distinguished between five positive emotional expressions in tasks involving looking and searching behaviors.
A NIH study found that infant cries activate specific brain regions related to movement and speech in mothers worldwide. Consistent behaviors across cultures suggest hard-wired reactions to infant cries.
Rapid whole-genome sequencing of neonatal ICU patients reveals a genetic diagnosis in 35% of cases, leading to changes in medical management and improved outcomes. The procedure saves an estimated $1.3 million per hospitalization, making it a cost-effective option.
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that infants with trisomy 13 or 18 who underwent heart surgery had a significant decrease in in-hospital mortality and an increase in survival rates. This benefit lasted for up to two years, doubling the number of babies that survive more than one year after surgery.
A study aims to develop biomarkers for early detection of cognitive and behavioral problems in premature infants, enabling the design of early interventions. The research focuses on identifying structural abnormalities in subcortical brain regions that may predict long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Researchers found that mothers alter their voice timbre when speaking to infants, regardless of native language. This consistent shift enables computers to distinguish between infant- and adult-directed speech.
A joint statement by world experts calls for caution in applying the Disorganised Infant Attachment classification to assess infant mental health and potential cases of abuse. The statement highlights the classification's limitations and suggests it should not be relied upon alone for child protection assessments.
A new, portable brain scanner has been developed to image infant brain activity in a clinical setting. The device weighs just 40 grams and can distinguish between quiet and active sleep states, as well as detect seizures with high resolution.
A new article introduces the concept of food justice to address infant feeding disparities and environmental injustices in breast milk access. The authors propose activism strategies to advance food justice, emphasizing the importance of breast milk as a basis for infants' immune response.
The Congenital Zika Virus Program at Children's National evaluated 36 women and their fetuses, revealing that 89% had been bitten by Zika-tainted mosquitoes or exposed via sex with an infected partner. Tragically, four fetuses suffered severe birth defects, leading to two non-viable pregnancies and one infant death.
Astronomers have detected Freon-40, an organohalogen compound, around an infant star and a comet using ALMA and Rosetta. This finding suggests that organohalogens may be significant components of planetary formation materials, rather than indicators of life.
High-risk newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD) exhibit reduced functional connectivity between key brain regions even before undergoing corrective open heart surgery. Global network organization remains intact, but small world networks show remarkable ability to withstand early-life brain injury.
A longitudinal neuroimaging study found that fetal MRI can detect brain damage caused by Zika exposure in utero more effectively than standard ultrasound. The study revealed three pregnancies with abnormal fetal MRIs showing extensive areas of brain damage, which were not detected by ultrasound.
A new NIH-funded study aims to develop evidence-based treatments for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, a condition affecting newborns exposed to opioids during pregnancy. The Advancing Clinical Trials in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (ACT NOW) project will evaluate treatment options and develop research protocols.
Researchers found that formula-fed or cesarean-delivered infants had altered bacterial colonization trajectories compared to vaginally-born and breastfed babies. This could have implications for their future health, particularly in the development of food allergies.
Infants who observe adults pushing through failure are more likely to try again, a study found. Babies as young as 15 months old absorb abstract concepts about behavior by watching tenacious grown-ups.
A new study by the University of Utah and CDC estimates that employer-sponsored health plans spent $6 billion on premature infants in 2013. Infants born prematurely are at increased risk for developing lifelong physical, cognitive, and social challenges, with birth defects accounting for a substantial portion of expenses.
Research reveals that breast milk components vary with mother's circadian rhythm, potentially impacting infant health. The study suggests that this variation can produce circadian stimuli improving the well-being of breastfed infants.
Researchers found an association between infant mortality rates and the differences in costs between higher and lower priced cigarettes in 23 EU countries from 2004 to 2014. Increasing cigarette prices reduced infant mortality, with a one Euro increase per pack associated with fewer deaths per 1,000 live births.
A new study found that hospitals caring for high fractions of black infants are more likely to miss critical nursing care, which can affect survival and development. This missed care often involves teaching and counseling parents, as well as preparation for discharge, highlighting the need for supportive care environments with adequate...
A new study found that overall child passenger safety education programs are successful, with improved placement of infants and toddlers in car seats. The research reviewed trends in child safety practices from 2009-2015 and identified areas for improvement, such as increasing top tether use and booster seat use.
A study by Children's National Hospital found that nearly half of parents whose children were in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experienced postpartum depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress after discharge. Parents who were the most anxious also reported the highest levels of depression.
Researchers analyzed data from 222 babies with NAS and 490 without, finding that 100% of mothers of infants with NAS tested positive for substance use. However, 26.7% of control group mothers also used substances, highlighting the need for better access to addiction treatment for pregnant women.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have confirmed that abnormalities in serotonin, a key neurotransmitter, are linked to SIDS deaths. The study found that altered serotonin expression in the brainstem is associated with some SIDS cases.
Two new studies published in the Journal of AAPOS found that all 70 infants with suspected and confirmed CZS had visual impairment, regardless of ocular abnormalities. Cortical visual impairment may be the most common cause of blindness among children with CZS.
Researchers have developed a new testing regime to diagnose severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) syndrome faster, enabling more infants to receive life-saving treatment within a critical timeframe. The regime uses a checklist of potential SCID markers, including family history, candidiasis, and low absolute lymphocyte counts.
A new study from Columbia University Irving Medical Center identified a potential biomarker that predicts atypical development in 1- to 2-month-old infants at high familial risk for developing autism spectrum disorders. Infants at high risk have elevated 'noise' and increased randomness in their spontaneous head movements during sleep.
A smartphone application developed by Osaka University aims to address Japan's sleep deprivation issues in infants. The 'NEN-NE Navi' app connects caregivers with pediatric experts, providing personalized advice to improve infants' sleep habits and reduce parenting stress.
Scientists identified network inefficiencies in six-month-old infants who later developed autism, with these abnormalities linked to severity of symptoms at 24 months. This study brings us closer to understanding the pathology of autism and developing effective interventions.
A Stanford University School of Medicine study found that infants' racial and ethnic identities influence the quality of medical care they receive in California's neonatal intensive care units. White infants generally received better care than those from vulnerable populations at some hospitals, while others received worse care.
A Michigan State University doctor and professor teamed up to document high rates of Group B Streptococcus colonization in Nigeria. They identified new risk factors, allowing for effective treatment and significantly reducing infant mortality rates.
Exposure to a complex environment with new sights, sounds, and experiences can strengthen infants' developing brains, helping maintain a smooth neural network. Environmental enrichment also plays a crucial role in strengthening motor and cognitive function in both children and adults.
A study found that mothers who respond with less physiological regulation and more emotional neutrality when their infants are distressed are more likely to have insecurely attached babies. This suggests that a muted maternal response can lead to increased infant distress.
Researchers found that certain gut bacteria, such as Bacteroides and Clostridium, can predict brain metabolites like serotonin and myo-inositol, which are altered in individuals with autism. The study suggests a potential mechanism by which the gut microbiome communicates with the brain through cortisol.