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NIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development


Cold treatment does not appear to protect preterm infants from disability or death caused by oxygen loss, according to NIH-funded study

A new study funded by the National Institutes of Health found that cooling treatment for preterm infants does not reduce the risk of disability or death from oxygen loss. The study evaluated 188 preterm infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and found a higher risk of death and disability in those who received the cooling treatment.

Excess weight gain in first trimester associated with fetal fat accumulation

A NIH study found that excess weight gain in the first trimester is associated with increased abdominal circumference and arm fat thickness in fetuses. The findings suggest that early intervention may prevent adult obesity and related conditions by targeting fetal weight gain.

NIH announces winners of prize competition to improve postpartum maternal health and health equity through innovative diagnostics

The National Institutes of Health has announced the winners of the RADx Tech for Maternal Health Challenge, an $8 million prize competition to develop innovative diagnostics for postpartum maternal health. Six finalists won grand prizes of $525,000 each, and two runner-up teams won prizes of $300,000 each.

AI model has potential to detect risk of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder

Researchers developed an AI model to analyze short narrative statements from postpartum patients, identifying a large proportion likely to have childbirth-related PTSD. The model's accuracy was demonstrated through analysis of narratives from patients who tested high for symptoms on a questionnaire.

SourceNIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development·JournalScientific Reports·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateApr 11, 2024

NIH-supported researchers create single-cell atlas of the placenta during term labor

Researchers created a single-cell atlas of the human placenta, revealing changes in gene expression patterns among cell types. The study found that cells most affected by labor were in chorioamniotic membranes and generated inflammatory signaling.

SourceNIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development·JournalScience Translational Medicine·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 10, 2024

NIH researchers create genetic atlas detailing early stages of zebrafish development

A new genetic atlas details the gene expression programs that drive zebrafish development, revealing insights into human embryonic growth and the origins of diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders. The atlas provides a comprehensive resource for studying cell development and differentiation in vertebrates.

Umbilical cord milking appears to be safe in preterm infants born after 28 weeks

A recent study suggests that umbilical cord milking is a safe procedure for preterm infants born after 28 weeks, reducing delay and risk of bleeding. The technique involves gently squeezing the cord to push blood into the newborn's abdomen, allowing for faster response times for infants in need of respiratory support.

NIH zebrafish research included in US Postal Service’s “Life Magnified” stamps

The NIH zebrafish image was taken to study lymphatic vessel development in the brain and has led to a groundbreaking discovery that fish have lymphatic vessels inside their skull. This finding could expedite research into treatments for diseases affecting the human brain, such as cancer and Alzheimer's.

“Eat, Sleep, Console” reduces hospital stay and need for medication among opioid-exposed infants

Researchers found that the 'Eat, Sleep, Console' (ESC) care approach is more effective than Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool (FNAST) in assessing and managing opioid-exposed newborns. Newborns cared for with ESC were medically ready for discharge approximately 6.7 days earlier and 63% less likely to receive medication.

SourceNIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateApr 30, 2023

Biomarker pattern found in kids with COVID 19-linked inflammatory syndrome

A study funded by the NIH found that children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) have unique biochemical indicators of cell injury and death. The researchers developed a method to distinguish MIS-C from other conditions, which could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for these patients.

Tranexamic acid does not appear to prevent maternal hemorrhage after cesarean delivery

A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that tranexamic acid did not reduce the need for blood transfusions or prevent maternal death in patients with increased risk for excessive bleeding after cesarean delivery. However, patients who received tranexamic acid had less need for additional medical intervent...

New, non-invasive imaging tool maps uterine contractions during labor

Researchers developed a non-invasive imaging tool to create real-time images of uterine contractions during labor. The electromyometrial imaging (EMMI) technique provides detailed information on contraction patterns, which can help improve labor management and clinical decision-making.

SourceNIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development·JournalNature Communications·TypeObservational study·DateMar 14, 2023

Researchers identify compounds that could lead to an on-demand, short-term contraceptive for men

In a mouse study, researchers have identified a potential non-hormonal contraceptive that men can take before sexual activity to prevent pregnancy. The compound temporarily disables an enzyme essential for sperm maturation, rendering sperm immobile and preventing fertilization.

Single-dose antibiotic prevents maternal sepsis and death

A single oral dose of azithromycin can reduce postpartum sepsis and death among women who deliver vaginally by one-third, according to a large clinical trial. The study enrolled over 29,000 women in seven low- and middle-income countries and found that only 1.6% developed sepsis or died within six weeks after delivery.

SourceNIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateFeb 9, 2023

Adopting pediatric readiness standards improves survival in hospital emergency departments

A study found that hospitals with high levels of pediatric care readiness have significantly lower child mortality rates compared to those with low readiness. Adopting national pediatric care readiness standards as laid out by the National Pediatric Readiness Project may prevent over 1,400 child deaths.

Alzheimer’s progression in Down syndrome appears similar to other genetic, early onset forms of the disease

A study funded by NIH found that people with Down syndrome have a similar level of amyloid plaques in their brains as those with hereditary, early-onset Alzheimer's. This suggests that individuals with both conditions may benefit from participating in studies on Alzheimer's therapies aimed at slowing amyloid plaque formation.

Simulated driving program reduces crash risk for teens with ADHD in small study

A small study funded by NIH found that a simulated driving program can reduce crashes and near-crashes among teens with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by nearly 40%. The program, called FOCAL+, teaches teens to avoid long glances away from the roadway.

SourceNIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateNov 30, 2022

NIH launches $8 million prize competition to reduce maternal deaths in regions that lack maternity care

The NIH is launching a $8 million prize competition to develop technologies improving postpartum healthcare in areas with limited access to maternity care. Diagnostic devices and wearables are prioritized to detect conditions like heart-related conditions, infection, and bleeding during the first year after delivery.

Risk of premature death in adulthood influenced by patterns of early childhood adversity, NIH study suggests

A NIH study of over 46,000 participants found that childhood poverty combined with crowded housing or parental separation increases the risk of premature death by 41-50%, compared to those without early life adversity. The study also identified a higher risk of premature death for individuals with multiple adverse childhood experiences.

Unique binding of Delta variant may explain high transmissibility

The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 can attach to copies of itself, forming larger clumps of viral particles. This unique binding property may have contributed to its rapid spread. The study found that the Delta spike protein enables the virus to bind to cells and form aggregations, increasing the chances of infection.

Amygdala overgrowth that occurs in autism spectrum disorder may begin during infancy

A new study funded by the NIH found that amygdala overgrowth in autism spectrum disorder begins between 6-12 months of age, suggesting early intervention may be effective in reducing symptoms. The study also identified distinct brain growth patterns in infants with Fragile X syndrome.

NIH study suggests women with disabilities have higher risk of birth complications and death

A recent NIH study found that pregnant women with disabilities have a significantly higher risk of severe pregnancy- and birth-related complications and death. Women with physical, sensory, or intellectual disabilities are more likely to experience preterm birth, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and cesarean delivery.

Repurposed ALS drug shows promise in mouse model of rare childhood genetic disorder

A study published in Molecular Genetics and Metabolism found that riluzole slows the progression of Niemann-Pick disease type C1 by reducing glutamate toxicity, increasing mouse survival by 12%. Researchers believe similar drugs may help slow disease progression in patients with NPC1.

High daily screen time linked to cognitive, behavioral problems in children born extremely preterm

A recent study funded by NIH found that excessive daily screen time is associated with cognitive and behavioral issues in extremely preterm children. Children who spent more than two hours on screens per day had lower IQ scores and poorer problem-solving skills compared to their peers.

Prototype may diagnose common pregnancy complications by monitoring placental oxygen

Researchers developed a prototype device that measures placental oxygen levels using near-infrared light, potentially diagnosing common pregnancy complications. The study found that women with anterior placenta and complications had lower placental oxygen levels compared to healthy pregnancies.

Open, expressive family life may reduce social deprivation effects among adopted children

A study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health found that open, expressive family life can moderate the effects of pre-adoption adversity on adopted children's cognitive ability and development. In contrast, rule-driven households with conflict may increase the risk for behavioral problems.

Eating habits change only slightly after gestational diabetes diagnosis, NIH study suggests

A study suggests that pregnant women with gestational diabetes made only modest dietary changes, including a reduction in juice consumption and an increase in artificially sweetened beverages. Disparities were found in certain groups, such as Hispanic women and those with obesity or lower education levels.

SourceNIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development·JournalJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics·DateMay 19, 2021

NIH study identifies diverse spectrum of neurons that govern movement

A recent NIH study has identified a diverse range of motor neurons along the spinal cord that govern movement, including subtypes susceptible to neurodegenerative diseases. The research provides an atlas of 21 neuron types, offering new understanding of how these neurons control movement and contribute to organ systems.

Prototype for mobile devices could screen children at risk for autism spectrum disorder

Researchers developed an eye-tracking app that can screen children at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by tracking their gaze patterns while watching social videos. The study found that children with ASD were less likely to focus on social cues and visually track conversations in the videos.

Most differences in DNA binding compounds found at birth in children conceived by IVF not seen in early childhood, NIH study finds

A NIH study found that newborns conceived through IVF had certain chemical modifications to their DNA, but these changes were not seen in early childhood. The study also found no differences in growth and development for this group.

NIH-funded researchers develop language test for people with Down syndrome

A new test has been developed to evaluate expressive language skills in individuals with Down syndrome, offering a more effective approach than current methods. The test was found to be reliable and consistent across different versions, making it suitable for most individuals between the ages of 6 and 23.

NIH study suggests using cannabis while trying to conceive may reduce pregnancy chances

A recent NIH study found that women who use cannabis while trying to conceive are around 40% less likely to get pregnant each month. The study of over 1,200 women aged 18-40 with one or two miscarriages found no difference in miscarriage rates but noted differences in reproductive hormones involved in ovulation.

Higher red cell transfusion threshold offers no advantage for treating preterm infants

A National Institutes of Health-funded study found that providing a higher threshold of red cells offers no survival benefit for preterm infants and does not reduce neurological impairment. The study used data from 845 infants with varying hemoglobin thresholds to compare outcomes.