Scientists confirm observations of quantized vortices in superfluid helium by simulating quantum vortex dynamics with silicon nanoparticles, revealing new possibilities for optical research. The study enables visualization of quantized vortex reconnection, a key feature of superfluid helium at macroscopic scales.
Scientists at Ural Federal University have developed a simpler and more effective method for synthesizing titanium-based nanocomposite coatings. The new approach allows for the production of wear-resistant coatings with controlled properties, suitable for various applications such as aircraft and biomedicine.
Researchers developed an algorithm to quickly identify two cancer drugs that work well together, reducing testing time from three years to eight weeks. The new method uses gene expression data to prioritize potential combinations and has been confirmed in lab tests.
Researchers have created a light-to-microwave transmitter using an optically programmed time-varying metasurface, enabling direct conversion of light signals to microwave signals. The system can transmit two different videos simultaneously over a single platform, paving the way for low-cost and low-complexity hybrid communication systems.
Researchers identified peaks in assault-related injury visits to emergency departments, with Saturday and Sunday being the most common days of the week. The study found higher rates of injuries during spring and winter months, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies and resource planning.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine are developing novel biomarkers to predict post-traumatic epilepsy risk and treatments. The team aims to establish a biomarker panel that can identify people at high risk for PTE and predict their response to treatment.
A team of researchers has successfully treated damaged pig hearts with cardiac progenitor cells, demonstrating the formation of new cardiac tissue and improved cardiac function. The treatment could potentially be used to treat patients with serious heart failure, particularly older patients with coexisting conditions.
Researchers are developing a novel MRI nanotechnology that targets specific markers in solid tumours, including high-grade brain cancers. The new imaging technology has shown promising preclinical results and is set to be tested in a first-in-human clinical trial.
Researchers created synthetic proteoglycans to dissect their functions in health and disease, discovering new insights into their roles in early cell development and cancer cell spreading. They found that both GAG chains and core proteins contribute to proteoglycan function.
Researchers have developed a system that harnesses energy from sunlight to power small devices, making it ideal for off-grid situations. The innovative device uses non-toxic algae to generate electricity continuously without running down like traditional batteries.
A large study has found six predictors that can help determine the optimal lithium dose for patients with bipolar disorder. The predictors include age, sex, kidney function, and medication use. The researchers hope to develop a digital app to aid psychiatrists in finding the right dose.
The Human Cell Atlas consortium has created the most comprehensive cross-tissue cell atlases to date, mapping over 1 million individual cells across 33 organs. These detailed maps hold therapeutic implications for understanding common and rare diseases, vaccine development, anti-tumor immunology, and regenerative medicine.
Researchers at Ritsumeikan University in Japan have developed a new method to fabricate cadmium-free thin-film solar cells with improved energy conversion efficiency. The process replaces toxic materials with native buffer layers formed through air-annealing, reducing waste and increasing the potential for large-scale manufacturing.
Scientists have created nanomechanical resonators with extremely high quality factors using a regular polygon design, leading to compact devices for sensing weak forces. The new design allows for precision force sensing with sensitivity approaching state-of-the-art atomic force microscopes.
Researchers discovered a soil microbe's enzyme that converts CO2 into carbon compounds 20 times faster than plant enzymes during photosynthesis. The enzyme uses pairs of molecules working in sync like jugglers, with a spot of molecular glue and twisting motion facilitating the reaction.
The Event Horizon Telescope captured the first image of Sagittarius A*, a hot and dense black hole surrounded by superheated gas, improving our understanding of black holes. The Frontera supercomputer supported this achievement through innovative data-driven astronomy.
Researchers at NYU Tandon are developing novel methods to detect and mitigate hardware Trojans in next-generation wireless systems, as well as exploring analog side channels unique to 5G. The projects aim to make current and future wireless infrastructure more resilient to flaws and hacks.
Researchers from The University of Tokyo developed a novel machine-learning approach to predict local precipitation with high accuracy. By recognizing complex relationships in meteorological data, they created a bias correction method that produced accurate hourly estimates of precipitation.
The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 can attach to copies of itself, forming larger clumps of viral particles. This unique binding property may have contributed to its rapid spread. The study found that the Delta spike protein enables the virus to bind to cells and form aggregations, increasing the chances of infection.
Researchers have engineered bacteria to act as data loggers, capturing gene activity and metabolic responses in the gut. This allows for non-invasive monitoring of gut health and dietary status, enabling early diagnosis of malnutrition and inflammatory responses.
The University of Rochester Recovery Center of Excellence brings together diverse experts to discuss strategies for overcoming stigma and health inequity barriers to substance use disorder care. The summit aims to address the 'fourth wave' of the opioid epidemic, driven by synthetic opioids and multiple substances in combination.
A recent study at North Carolina State University found that realism is a key factor in determining viewer engagement with virtual reality (VR) videos. The researchers discovered that viewers who enjoyed their VR experiences were more likely to want to watch additional VR videos in the future.
Scientists precisely modeled eggshell shape to show how space in egg influences cell arrangement, potentially guiding stem cell development. The findings suggest that geometric constraints and space are critical factors directing cells, applicable to human biology.
The Tabula Sapiens Consortium has unveiled a massive digital atlas that maps gene expression in nearly 500,000 cells from 24 human tissues and organs. The atlas provides unprecedented insights into human health and disease, offering new avenues for therapies and treatments.
Researchers are developing techniques to use milk-exosomes to deliver siRNAs to brain tumors, aiming to reduce tumor growth and improve patient outcomes. The goal is to develop large-scale production methods and eventually genetically modify cows to produce therapeutic exosomes.
Researchers have found that Sowerby's beaked whales are faster, more agile hunters than expected, with shorter dives and higher frequency clicks. This unique strategy may help them avoid competition among other beaked whale species.
Researchers have developed a computational model to understand the regulation of proteins by chondrocytes, which may help find new treatments for osteoarthritis. The model takes into account both synthesis and degradation processes, allowing for more accurate predictions of treatment results.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have discovered a gene essential for siderophore secretion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a key process for acquiring iron. The discovery validates siderophore secretion as a drug target for tuberculosis treatment and reveals a new mechanism for putative drugs.
Researchers at North Carolina State University discovered that female German cockroaches averse to glucose reject male offers of body secretions containing sugars and fats. The study shows that glucose-averse females sense a bitter taste when mixing their saliva with the male secretions, ending the courtship ritual.
Researchers monitored mercury levels in artificial lakes to identify sources and factors affecting concentration. Most mercury originated from soil in catchment areas, with surface runoff contributing in shorter-residence time reservoirs.
A new meta-analysis suggests that a healthy diet during pregnancy does not significantly reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes in non-White European populations. The study analyzed data from various ethnic groups and found no significant association between dietary habits and the incidence of gestational diabetes.
A new study found that hospitals serving high proportions of marginalized individuals are less likely to participate in voluntary and mandatory bundled payment programs. The research highlights policy implications and suggests considering social factors in designing future programs.
This study bridges oxidase catalysis and oxygen reduction electrocatalysis, finding a linear relationship between the two. The researchers propose model single-atom catalysts as promising candidates for tumor therapy, with cancer cell killing effects following ORR activities.
Researchers identified a key brain circuit in the anterior thalamus that helps us hold information in mind. In a study of mice, enhancing this circuit's activity improved their ability to navigate a maze and reversed memory loss with artificial stimulation.
A new study found that limiting first-year resident-physicians' work hours to no more than 16 consecutive hours significantly improved patient safety outcomes. After implementing the policy, there was a 32% reduction in reports of significant medical errors and a 63% reduction in reported medical errors resulting in patient death.
A new study found that states with higher funding for public health programs reported more foodborne illnesses and were better equipped to investigate them. The researchers hope their findings will lead to increased investment in public health programs nationwide.
A research team has observed an explosion on a white dwarf star for the first time, producing X-ray radiation. The explosion was detected by the eROSITA X-ray telescope and is believed to have occurred in a fireball of X-rays with a temperature of around 327,000 degrees.
The international consensus on diagnosing and treating opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome has been published, providing support for families and clinicians. The guidance outlines the condition's characteristics, causes, and management options, aiming to improve care for affected children.
A study published in Stroke journal found robot therapy to be as effective as traditional therapy in improving motor function and daily tasks for chronic stroke patients. The robotic device provided repetitive exercises and real-time analysis, leading to significant improvements in shoulder, elbow, and forearm use.
Researchers have developed a refined tool to identify potentially druggable gene amplifications in tumors using epigenetic data. The new methodology improves the characterization of somatic copy number alterations up to 20% with high accuracy, reaching 100% specificity and 93.3% sensitivity.
Researchers found glatiramer acetate to be compatible with breastfeeding, reducing the frequency of relapses in multiple sclerosis patients. The study's results indicate no negative effects on infant development, leading to updates in the drug's label and approval for treatment during the breastfeeding period.
A systematic review and meta-analysis compared traditional strength training with power training for improving physical function in older adults. Power training showed similar benefits to strength training in terms of muscle power and functional ability.
Researchers found a genetic link between long repeated DNA sequences and schizophrenia. The study discovered rare tandem repeat expansions near genes associated with the disorder, contributing to dysfunction at synapses and disrupting gene function.
A new study analyzed 34 previous studies on the impact of diet on gestational diabetes, finding a lack of robust data for non-white European women. The findings stress the need for inclusive research methods to accurately understand the relationship between diet and gestational diabetes across all ethnicities.
A new study by Southern Methodist University researchers suggests that people with high empathic accuracy and affect sharing skills can better understand emotions conveyed through music. The findings provide a foundation for future research on the impact of socially engaged music listening on social cognition.
A study by UAB and University of Kent researchers found that the 3D structure of male germ cells plays a key role in determining genome evolution. Genome rearrangements were associated with DNA damage locations in spermatids, suggesting that males have a unique impact on genome evolution.
A novel connection between genes involved in mitosis and glucose metabolism was found by researchers at Nagoya University. They demonstrated a gene bypass process using evolutionary repair experiments, suggesting that suppressing both Plk1 and CK1 could be more effective in cancer treatment.
Research found that SARS-CoV-2 relies on human transmembrane proteins, especially IFITM2, to replicate efficiently and produce infectious viruses. Antibodies targeting IFITM2 can protect lung cells from infection, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach by targeting host factors instead of viral ones.
Researchers measured biomarkers of azoxystrobin in pregnant women and young children, revealing widespread exposure and transfer to embryos. The study found that the fungicide can cross the placenta and enter the developing brain of mouse embryos.
A six-year study of nearly 100,000 women in Botswana found daily iron, folic acid, and vitamin supplementation can reduce birth complications, including low birthweight. The study also showed benefits for HIV-positive pregnant women, with rates of adverse outcomes significantly lower than those taking iron or folic acid alone.
A new study found that most caregivers are unsure about giving their child opioids post-operatively due to concerns about addiction. The survey, which assessed demographic information and attitudes towards opioid use, revealed that caregivers who had taken opioids in the past were more likely to feel comfortable using them.
Researchers at TU Wien and Hiroshima University have corrected a long-standing flaw in the double-slit experiment, proving that individual particles can move along multiple paths at once. By detecting a single neutron, they were able to determine its presence on each path with high accuracy.
Sandia researchers have designed a reliable and resilient microgrid for NASA's Artemis lunar base, which will sustain astronauts, mining, and fuel processing. The system utilizes distributed energy resources like solar panels and wind turbines, with a focus on efficient power management and scalability.
Researchers from McGill University and Italy found that blocking neutrophils can prolong pain, even with anti-inflammatory drugs. The study suggests reconsidering acute pain treatment, and findings are supported by a large UK analysis.
The new journal iEnergy aims to unite experts in various energy-related disciplines to accelerate the transformation of the energy structure and achieve carbon neutrality. Original research articles focus on technologies and solutions for power and energy challenges, with a special connection to electrical energy.
A study of over 1.7 million children found no link between antidepressant use by mothers during the first trimester and a child's risk of seizures or epilepsy. However, children exposed to certain antidepressants had a slightly higher risk of neonatal seizures.
Scientists from the University of Copenhagen have discovered a fundamental property of magnetism that could lead to the development of more powerful and efficient computers. The discovery highlights the potential for magnetism to replace traditional electron-based computing methods.
A novel genetic screening technique identified two genes crucial for Toxoplasma gondii cell egress, leading to the death of parasites within host cells. This breakthrough paves the way for the development of new drugs that could block parasite propagation.
A Rutgers engineer has developed a faster and cheaper way to recover cloud-covered earth surface using a recommendation algorithm inspired by Netflix and Amazon. The algorithm, called Funk-SVD, is more accurate than conventional data-filling tools in predicting coastal landscapes.
Scientists at Rochester and Erlangen develop logic gates that operate at femtosecond timescales, paving the way for ultrafast electronics and information processing. The breakthrough involves harnessing and independently controlling real and virtual charge carriers in gold-graphene-gold junctions with laser pulses.