A new smoking-cessation program that targets cancer patients has been shown to increase the percentage of patients receiving treatment from 2% to nearly 30%, as well as improve quit rates. The program's costs are also lower than previous methods, averaging $70 per patient.
Scientists have created novel superconducting spintronic tunnel diodes that can rectify or limit current like semiconductor diodes. These devices operate at much lower temperatures than their counterparts, making them suitable for quantum technology applications.
Researchers determined the 3D structure of NTCP, a protein crucial for liver function and HBV/HDV infection. The study reveals two essential conformations: one 'open' pore for bile salt binding and a 'closed' conformation preventing virus recognition.
Scientists have developed a novel 'green' fertilizer that uses an advanced milling technique to produce slow-release soil nutrient crystals. The method reduces nitrogen pollution and energy consumption compared to traditional fertilizers.
A recent study found that obesity, impaired blood glucose metabolism, and high blood pressure significantly increase the risk of dying from COVID-19 in young and middle-aged people. Researchers analyzed data from the European case registry LEOSS and found that patients with all three conditions had a similar increased risk of death as ...
A new study found that approximately 8.6% of adolescents reported using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days, while only 1.7% engaged in frequent vaping. The researchers suggest that e-cigarettes' novelty and appealing flavors may lead to experimentation but not habit formation.
Researchers at EPFL's School of Life Sciences create a digital twin of Drosophila called NeuroMechFly, which uses biomechanical modeling and machine learning to simulate the fly's movements. The model is validated through experiments that demonstrate its accuracy in replicating real animal behaviors.
A study exploring restaurant menu design found that adding carbon labels and setting default options to low-emission dishes encourages diners to choose more environmentally friendly options. The findings suggest a promising strategy for reducing the carbon footprint of dining, but further research is needed to inform such strategies.
Researchers from Clemson University have discovered a promising therapy for toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by the microscopic protozoa Toxoplasma gondii. The team has enlisted an unlikely ally - the herbicide oxadiazon - in the fight against the single-celled parasite.
A recent study suggests that late menopause transition is associated with increased intensity of temporomandibular disorder-induced pain. The research found that TMD symptoms and menopause symptoms are primarily correlated during this stage, but decrease with age and progression through the postmenopausal phases.
Researchers identified a region of the mouse genome associated with higher mutation rates, which is linked to a specific gene called Mutyh. This finding supports the theory that genetic differences can affect mutation rates, and may also shed light on cancer susceptibility.
A Cornell-led study found that underestimating people's COVID concerns can have severe consequences, including undermining cooperation and trust. The researchers analyzed over 1 million responses from mid-2020 and discovered significant disparities in concern levels between different racial and ethnic groups. Hispanic, Black, and Asian...
Researchers identified a relationship between genetic mutations that promote cancer growth and those that help cells evade the immune system. This finding has implications for developing more effective immunotherapies by understanding how cancer cells balance growth and invisibility.
Researchers investigate how enzymes regulate metabolism, weight gain, and liver disease, revealing diet's significant role in obesity and altered lipid profiles. The study also shows that age affects metabolic processes, leading to weight gain, increased fat storage, and unhealthy liver changes.
Xie aims to develop algorithms that reflect human domain knowledge and reasoning patterns, increasing trust in machine learning models. He also explores algorithmic fairness, considering multiple perspectives on what's considered fair, to address concerns about biased decision-making.
A study by Swansea University found that people find structures with a wide variety of sea life to be more visually pleasing and interesting, as well as more likely to relieve stress. The research suggests that designing seawalls to support biodiversity can benefit both wildlife and human wellbeing.
Nearly nine out of 10 people in the UK want self-driving vehicles to be labelled for clear distinction from human-driven vehicles. The survey found that experts tend to downplay concerns, but public scepticism persists, with many uncomfortable with the idea of using or sharing the road with self-driving cars.
Researchers developed a time-efficient single item measure to assess self-control, confirming its interchangeability with 'will-power' and 'self-discipline'. People with lower self-control also report boredom and lower socioeconomic status.
A new study found that acute stress and repeated traumas in adolescents alter functional connectivity between the default mode, salience, and central executive networks. This may lead to a maladaptive response to stressful experiences and increased neural vulnerability.
A team of researchers has theorized how extreme conditions in stars produce carbon-12, a critical gateway to the birth of life. They used supercomputer simulations and statistical learning techniques to reveal alpha clustering and the Hoyle state, which leads to stable carbon-12.
A new study found that a brief befriending-themed meditation can reduce affective polarization between Remain and Leave voters in the UK. The meditation increased perceived commonality between sides, suggesting a potential strategy to address polarization.
Researchers at Singapore University of Technology and Design developed a new machine learning approach to model underwater robot dynamics, allowing for efficient swimming in complex environments. The approach, published in IEEE-RAL, uses deep neural networks to predict required flapping motions for a set of given propulsive force targets.
Researchers discovered that cooling environment around Geobacter nanowires increases conductivity 300-fold by restructuring hydrogen bonds and flattening heme proteins. This breakthrough could lead to development of living electrical circuits, new sources of electricity and bioremediation strategies.
Researchers have successfully stored liquid fuels like ethanol in polymeric gels, drastically reducing evaporation rates and flammable gas mixtures. The development of this method aims to create safer work environments in industries that use liquid fuels.
A new study published in the Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (JNCCN) found that incorporating the Electronic Health Record-Enabled Evidence-Based Smoking Cessation Treatment (ELEVATE) program into electronic health records can significantly improve smoking cessation rates among cancer patients. The research demonst...
Researchers developed a strong, water-resistant wood glue using glucose and citric acid for plywood. The adhesive meets China's standard requirement and is more energy-efficient than traditional adhesives.
A meta-analysis found that adopting existing mitigation strategies could reduce livestock methane emissions enough to help the sector limit its share of global warming to the 1.5°C target by 2030. The identified most effective strategies include increasing feed intake, grazing on less mature grass, and feeding concentrates.
A new study has discovered ancient microorganisms in halite from the 830-million-year-old Browne Formation of central Australia, which could provide insights into the search for life on Mars. The findings suggest that microorganisms can be preserved in fluid inclusions in halite for millions of years, making them a potential biosignature.
Researchers found that children with a history of maltreatment exhibited an early maturation of the immune system, similar to adolescents. This study suggests that secretory immunoglobulin A could be a biomarker for acute stress in young populations.
A new study published in Neurology found that people hospitalized for major traumatic brain injury (TBI) may have a higher risk of developing dementia. After adjusting for other relevant dementia risk factors, researchers found a 1.5 times greater risk of dementia among those with major TBI compared to those without.
A meta-analysis published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that diets containing red meat did not impact glycemic and insulinemic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between red meat consumption and the development of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology developed an underwater robot capable of mapping its environment, tracking its location, and planning safe routes in complex marine environments. The breakthrough enabled the robot to accurately map a busy harbor in real-time using active SLAM algorithms.
A nationwide survey reveals a significant increase in the use of modern energy like electricity and gas for cooking and heating in rural China. The study found that households used an average of 3 different types of fuels, with time-sharing of E&G increasing by 69% for daily cooking activities.
A recent study found that over a third of people who use drugs in Vancouver reported a decline in the quality of their drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to an increased risk of non-fatal overdoses. Researchers highlight the need for a safer and regulated supply of drugs to address this growing concern.
A research team from the University of Bayreuth has successfully generated and analyzed materials under compression pressures of over 1 terapascal, a breakthrough that could deepen our understanding of matter. The study reveals the synthesis and structural analysis of novel rhenium compounds in the terapascal range.
Researchers have developed a process to convert non-neuronal cells into functioning neurons that can take up residence in the brain and restore capacities undermined by Parkinson's destruction of dopaminergic cells. In a proof-of-concept study, one group of experimentally engineered cells performs optimally in terms of survival, growth...
A new study reveals that large-scale tree restoration can increase evaporation globally by nearly 10 litres per square meter, leading to a net decrease in water availability. However, the impact varies by region, with some river basins experiencing increased water flow due to enhanced rainfall.
A FSU study found that brown spots on bananas appear during a two-day window, expand rapidly, then stall, leaving distinct patterns. The researchers developed a model describing the speed of reaction and oxygen movement, which may help tackle food waste by understanding the browning process.
A new study models the formation and evolution of banana spots to understand how to mitigate food waste. By decreasing oxygen levels in tiny formation sites, researchers found that spot formation can be slowed, offering a potential strategy for reducing waste.
Researchers have found that flu viruses can directly infect heart cells, leading to electrical malfunctions and scarring. The study suggests that clearing the viral infection may be key to reducing flu's effects on the heart.
Scientists found that colour-coded CO2 labels and changed default options on restaurant menus nudged guests to more climate-friendly dish choices, resulting in an average of 300g less CO2 per meal. Participants chose veggie burgers more often when presented as standard options.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that relaxing concealed firearm laws led to a 12.9% increase in officer-involved shootings with civilian victims in 10 US states. Four states saw significantly higher rates, including Missouri and West Virginia.
A study by Desert Research Institute found significant increases in heat-related workplace injuries and illnesses in Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Los Angeles. Female workers are disproportionately affected, with a 42-86% increase in cases between 2011 and 2018.
Generation Solar co-creates an open database of photovoltaic installations to address the lack of information on solar installations. Citizens can register their installations and share data to contribute to research and innovation in solar energy.
A study found that maternal obesity impairs heart health and function of the fetus, altering gene expression and increasing risk of cardiac problems in later life. Sex differences were observed, with females experiencing impaired cardiac function that worsened with age, while males showed impairments from birth.
Researchers say expanded inquiries can save lives by identifying vulnerable individuals who may not be reporting suicidal ideation. Tailoring assessments to individual situations can help medical professionals uncover hidden risks and prevent tragedies.
A recent study found that increased gender equality in higher education is linked to lower female prison admission rates compared to males. The study also discovered that gains in labor force participation and political representation contributed to the decline in disparities.
A promising solution to improve surface hydrophobicity of hydrophobic membrane was found by preparing PVDF-HFP copolymer membrane via thermally induced phase separation. The resulting membranes showed high hydrophobicity, stability, and desalination performance.
Emory University researchers have identified a mechanism for skin cell death that could lead to new treatments for skin infections, alopecia, hives, and potentially melanoma. The study reveals that a protein called gasdermin A induces pyroptosis in skin cells, serving as an early warning system against bacterial attack.
Dr. Blagosklonny discusses the potential of combining rapamycin with other modalities to live long enough to benefit from future discoveries in cellular reprogramming. He emphasizes that Altos Labs needs to develop rapamycin-based drug combinations to achieve additional decades of life extension, potentially within 3-5 years.
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients face challenges in selecting surgery due to multiple brain tumors and varying seizure responses. New studies suggest that considering multiple factors improves surgical success, including tuber-focused surgeries with resections extending beyond the tumor's borders.
A new study published by Harvard Medical School and The University of Texas Medical Branch found that despite international consensus on treating acute myocardial infarctions, there are substantial variations in treatment and outcomes across six high-income nations. The U.S. stands out for its high risk of death within a year of hospit...
Researchers have finally solved the structure of the plant protein NPR1, a key regulator of plant immunity. The new findings reveal that NPR1 forms a shape resembling a gliding bird and binds to molecules in the cell's nucleus to turn on immune genes. This breakthrough could lead to better crops with improved disease resistance.
A combination of aerobic, strength, flexibility, and balance exercises alongside personalized nutritional counselling reduced mobility disability by 22% over three years. The intervention also improved physical performance and reduced muscle loss in older adults.
A University of Cincinnati study found that adding blueberries to middle-aged diets may lower the chances of developing late-life dementia. The researchers discovered that blueberries' high level of micronutrients and antioxidants helped improve cognitive function and metabolic function.
A new method of detecting mega earthquakes uses deep-learning models to assess the magnitude of these events, providing an earlier warning for tsunamis. This approach leverages gravity waves generated by large earthquakes, allowing for more accurate estimation and faster response time.
A study found that certain shunts used after epilepsy surgery may increase the risk of chronic headaches by causing the brain to shift across the skull. Researchers discovered that non-programmable shunt valves were associated with elevated brain shift, while programmable valves weren't.
A new study calls for greater support for family members of individuals detained under the UK's Mental Health Act, citing heavy burdens and distress. The research suggests that reforms, including a new nominated person role, must be accompanied by extra support to help those caught up in mental health detentions.
Researchers found that social learning can counteract risk aversion by promoting riskier options with higher rewards. By observing others' choices, participants made smarter decisions and became more explorative in trying out risky options. This process perpetuated itself as individual risk aversion was reduced.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that online retail images of models have statistically lighter skin tones than videos of the same product and model. The discrepancy was also linked to 'tokenism,' where one model with darker skin is used to represent a range of diversity.