A study published in eLife reveals that trade-offs between growth and survival enable marine microbes with different dispersal strategies to coexist on small particles in the ocean. The findings help explain the diversity of bacteria and microbes in oceans, shedding light on the factors supporting their existence.
A new 30m resolution global map shows that wildfires caused 26-29% of global forest loss between 2001 and 2019, with primary tropical forests in Africa and Latin America being particularly affected. The researchers hope their map will improve climate modeling and inform forest management policies.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology have developed DNA stamper injections using nanoscale-tipped wire arrays to deliver biomolecules into live neuronal cells within brain tissues ex vivo and in vivo. This technique allows for the efficient genetic modification of brain cells, making it a powerful tool for neuronal research.
The Southeastern Consortium for Lung Cancer Health Equity aims to address disparities in lung cancer screening among racially and ethnically diverse populations. Researchers will develop more precise methods for identifying those at highest risk of lung cancer diagnoses.
A USC-led study reveals that children with binge eating disorder show abnormalities in gray matter density compared to unaffected peers, indicating a possible link between the disorder and brain development. The findings suggest that treatment may need to address underlying brain abnormalities.
A new Yale University-led study calculates the amount of terrestrial carbon emitted into streams and rivers, highlighting the importance of hydrology. The research reveals that monthly emissions fluxes vary more in Arctic and northern temperate rivers than in tropical and southern temperate rivers.
The University of Plymouth is collaborating with Kongsberg Digital to develop a state-of-the-art simulator that will revolutionize the floating offshore wind sector. The new system will provide key insights into solutions increasing efficiency, safety, and cost effectiveness for industry professionals.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that the number of healthy years a person lives is increasing even for those with common chronic conditions. However, men and women with cognitive impairment experienced a decrease in disability-free life expectancy.
A study of 29,000 Medicare claims data found a strong association between midlife BMI and later-life health outcomes. The research suggests that individuals with higher BMIs in midlife are more likely to experience adverse health and reduced longevity.
Researchers at the University of Kansas have identified a new gene target, BUD13, related to Specific Language Impairment (SLI). A family-based study found that rare variants of this gene are associated with SLI in affected individuals. The study suggests that BUD13 may be a key factor in language acquisition and holds potential for ea...
Lindsay De Biase and Saul Villeda will investigate microglia-ECM interactions and caloric restriction's impact on the aged brain. The goal is to identify molecular pathways for therapeutic modulation of these interactions to preserve cognition.
Researchers at Duke University found a collection of coordinated brain regions that predict and direct social behavior in mice. By analyzing the electrical activity of these regions, they identified how social or solitary an individual mouse is and were able to prompt them to be more gregarious. This study may lead to better diagnostic...
A new recipe for sustainable concrete has been developed at the University of Córdoba, capturing 181% more CO2 from the atmosphere than conventional methods. The use of carbonated water and recycled aggregates reduces greenhouse gas emissions and advances the cement industry's aim to achieve climate neutrality.
Researchers used light sheet microscopy to visualize the inner structures of a living fungus, Sordaria macrospora, without damaging it. They achieved high-resolution images and 3D reconstructions using Bessel beams, which provided uniform illumination and minimized optical properties issues.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute create functional lymphoid follicles on a chip, replicating human immune responses and predicting vaccine efficacy. The discovery offers a new tool to model the complex choreography of human immune responses to infection and vaccination.
Scientists at the Josep Carreras Institute and CIC Biogune discovered that blood vessels use small molecules to instruct adipose tissue to release fat. This finding sheds light on the importance of blood vessels in regulating obesity and opens up opportunities for improving human health through vascular regulation.
A new study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found a significant link between socioeconomic deprivation and premature cardiovascular mortality in the US. Counties with high social deprivation had the highest rates of premature cardiovascular deaths, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address health disparities.
Wind turbine blades made from glass fibre-reinforced polymer can serve up to 25 years before ending up in landfills. Lithuanian researchers have proposed a method to break down these composites, extracting usable materials like phenol and fibre for reuse.
A study in rural Ethiopia found that community-based rehabilitation, supported by local health centers and medication, reduced symptoms and improved functioning for individuals with schizophrenia. Community-based rehabilitation workers also helped participants access healthcare services and support their families.
Researchers found that a common surface treatment creates an electron-rich surface that destabilizes the perovskite solar cells, leading to degradation. A new method using positively and negatively charged ions resolves this issue, allowing for more stable solar cells with up to 87% efficiency retention.
Researchers at Université Laval found that yogurt's health benefits for obesity may be due to its impact on the gut microbiota and production of branched chain hydroxy acids (BCHA). The study, published in Nature Communications, suggests that BCHA can help improve fasting glucose and liver function in obese mice.
Researchers have designed a fast-acting injectable insulin based on the venom of the Conus kinoshitai marine snail, which doesn't form clusters like human insulin. The new hybrid insulin holds promise for better diabetes control with faster action and reduced clustering.
Researchers created a fast-healing elastomer that can self-repair scratches under NIR light, demonstrating potential for high-performance applications. The material's bond-level healing process was tracked using Raman spectroscopy.
A study published by The Endocrine Society found that eating potatoes in the morning, whole grains in the afternoon, and less processed meat in the evening may improve long-term survival in people with diabetes. This eating pattern is associated with better heart health outcomes.
A study analyzing 9,000 years of Earth's history found that strong El Niño events intensified over time but with a small change due to global warming. Researchers used ancient coral data and powerful supercomputers to conduct their research, calling for further investigations into earlier climate periods.
Two Singapore-designed artworks are orbiting the Earth on the ISS as part of Moon Gallery, a project consisting of 64 artworks from around the world. The artworks were successfully launched into space and will come back to Earth after 10 months, allowing scientists to study their behavior in microgravity.
Australian researchers have mapped the visual systems of hoverflies to detect drones' acoustic signatures, showing a 30-49% improvement in detection rates compared to traditional methods. The technology has potential applications for aviation safety and combatting IED-carrying drones.
A study by Tohoku University researchers found that adolescent carers in the UK reported higher psychological distress and lower mental well-being scores during the pandemic. The study highlights the urgent need for better psychosocial support for young carers, including psychoeducational sessions to build resilience.
Scientists have found complex signaling pathways in cells, using a technique called fluorescence microscopy to visualize nanodomains beneath the cell membrane. These domains can be thought of as pop-up factories that process signals from receptors on the cell surface.
A new study by researchers at the University of Michigan and Carnegie Mellon University found that automated trucking technology could replace up to 94% of operator hours in long-haul trucking. The study suggests that automation may not happen all at once, but rather be deployed in southern states with improved weather conditions.
A new visual leaf library, developed by a Penn State-led team, provides a resource to help scientists recognize and classify plant leaves. The library contains 30,252 high-resolution images of cleared and fossilized leaves, allowing for rapid searching and comparison.
Researchers found that post-COVID patients displayed altered autonomic nervous system functioning, with increased sympathetic activity and decreased parasympathetic activity. Obesity and physical inactivity were key factors contributing to these changes.
The blood-brain barrier is regulated by a signaling pathway involving vitronectin and integrin α5, which inhibits transcytosis and maintains barrier integrity. The findings offer insights into the microenvironment's role in maintaining the barrier's permeability.
Three exoplanets mistakenly identified as planets are actually small stars, according to a new MIT study. The discovery was made using updated measurements of planet-hosting stars from the European Space Agency's Gaia mission.
Researchers found that big trees provide a doughnut-shaped zone surrounding them where snowpack can endure, benefiting forests with sparse precipitation. The study suggests conserving healthy and large tree species can help retain snow on the ground.
Researchers have identified 79 ASD-associated genes and found that many of them alter behavior in fruit flies, providing functional evidence for their consequences. The study also uncovered a new form of rare disease due to the GLRA2 gene, highlighting the importance of de novo genetic variants in autism.
Mayo Clinic researchers found that senolytic drugs increase the production of protective protein a-klotho in mice and human studies, potentially boosting health against aspects of aging and disease. The study demonstrates an orally active approach to increase this beneficial protein.
Researchers discovered that fusing Müller glia with adult stem cells can differentiate into ganglion cells, a type of neuron essential for vision. This finding brings hope for recovering the retina's regenerative capacity in humans.
Researchers have developed a vaccine using CRISPR technology to protect against Leishmania mexicana, a parasite causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas. The vaccine is safe and effective in mice, preventing skin lesions and infection for over 10 weeks.
Researchers aim to understand why up to 80% of individuals experience temporary or lasting changes in their sense of taste after COVID-19. Preliminary data suggests ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are highly expressed in taste buds, which may explain why these are common targets for the virus.
Researchers at Politecnico di Milano developed a new approach using additives that form halogen bonds with halide ions in perovskites, improving stability and efficiency. This technique enables the creation of hydrophobic and water-repellent perovskites, blocking trap states and increasing electrical energy conversion.
A study published in Frontiers in Microbiology has found that machine learning analysis of microscopy images can be used to identify bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Researchers discovered that shape changes in bacterial cells can predict drug resistance, suggesting a new approach for detecting and predicting drug resistance.
A novel surgical approach and synthetic viral vector Anc80L65 successfully delivered genetic cargo to the inner ear of nonhuman primates, paving the way for a potential treatment for hearing loss and vestibular disorders. The study's findings suggest that this method could be translated to humans.
A recent survey of over 3,200 NHS healthcare workers found that most preferred education and support as a solution to boost vaccination uptake. The study suggests that mandatory vaccinations may actually worsen trust and lead to thousands of staff leaving the profession.
A new study reveals that cultural burning by Native American tribes in the Klamath Mountains helped maintain forest structure and biodiversity. Despite periods of climate change, forest biomass remained relatively low due to intentional burning practices.
Research at Simon Fraser University found that sharks produce a lower metabolic rate and recumbent body posture when inactive for longer periods, supporting the idea that they sleep to conserve energy. This is the first physiological evidence of sleep among elasmobranchs, a fish group including sharks, rays, and skates.
Researchers in South Africa studied SARS-CoV-2 reinfections and found that the Omicron variant increases immune evasion. The study suggests that circulation of Omicron variants above early November 2021 is associated with increased reinfection risk.
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network has published new consensus recommendations to improve the safety and efficiency of research studies involving investigational drugs. The recommendations focus on seven areas, including pharmacy workflows and collaboration with sponsors.
Researchers designed a novel S@Ti3C2TX sandwich structure film as a high-capacity cathode for Al-S batteries, showing excellent cycling performance and reduced polysulfide shuttle effect. The film's unique structure, with a protective layer on the surface of the composite, blocks polysulfides and improves overall battery efficiency.
Researchers at Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University discover a molecular pathway driving maladaptive processes in heart failure, revealing the importance of GRK5's catalytic activity and nuclear presence. The study opens doors to new therapeutic strategies for treating this devastating condition.
A Johns Hopkins study shows that a higher dose of the antibiotic rifampin may be more effective in treating TB meningitis, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes. The research suggests that high doses of rifampin can kill bacteria faster while minimizing brain inflammation.
The US Preventive Services Task Force concludes that there is not enough evidence to recommend routine screening for eating disorders. Eating disorders such as binge eating disorder, bulimia, and anorexia nervosa are associated with short- and long-term adverse health outcomes including physical, psychological, and social problems.
Despite rapid telehealth adoption, audio-only visits persist in California safety net clinics, raising concerns about the quality of care for low-income patients. Researchers found that some clinics replaced audio-only visits with video visits using promising practices such as technology assistance and real-time technical support.
Scientists have developed a new toolkit to aid in the discovery of porphyry-type copper deposits, crucial for green technologies. The study provides a textural framework for exploration geologists to assess deposit architecture before employing more invasive techniques.
Researchers develop an eco-friendly method to synthesize B-doped carbon, which exhibits high efficiency in O2 reduction to H2O2. The optimal material shows a selectivity of 98% and high production rate, making it a promising low-cost electrocatalyst.
A study by Osaka University investigated the relationship between autophagy and metabolism during fasting. Autophagy was found to play a key role in promoting fat loss during fasting, particularly through the upregulation of adipogenic genes. The findings may have important implications for understanding metabolism during aging.
Two clinical trials will report groundbreaking data on adjuvant olaparib for germline BRCA1/2 associated breast cancer and pembrolizumab for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. These treatments aim to improve survival rates and reduce recurrence.
A new study found that re-wetting drained peatlands can support bird diversity and sustainable oil palm farming without affecting yields. The research suggests restoring peatlands can conserve biodiversity and livelihoods for smallholder farmers in Indonesia.
Researchers identify two genes, GLI1 and Notch1, responsible for aggressive growth and spread of triple negative breast cancers in African American women. A combination approach using inhibitors and chemotherapy agents significantly inhibits tumor growth and metastasis.
Researchers at UC San Francisco have identified five genes that enable efficient sleep, contrasting with current thinking that lack of sleep accelerates neurodegeneration. These genes may confer protections against neurological disease and improve sleep quality, paving the way for new treatments.