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Science News for August 17, 2022


Why heat makes us sleepy

Researchers at Northwestern University found that a thermometer-like brain circuit promotes midday siestas on hot days. The study, which used fruit flies as a model organism, identified absolute heat receptors in fly heads, leading to increased midday sleep in flies and potentially humans.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalCurrent Biology·DateAug 17, 2022

Big data in the ER

A team of researchers from Osaka University developed an AI algorithm to predict the risk of mortality for trauma patients. They analyzed a large dataset of patient information and blood markers to identify critical factors that guide treatment strategies more precisely.

SourceOsaka University·JournalCritical Care·TypeObservational study·DateAug 17, 2022

Climate researchers correct faulty rainfall predictions for China’s breadbasket

Researchers identified a previously unidentified major shift in atmospheric flows from the North Atlantic as a result of a weakening jet stream. This shift has led to incorrect climate predictions for spring rainfall over northeast China, which is vital for the country's food security and the world's ability to feed itself.

SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateAug 17, 2022

New target structure against corona

Researchers at the University of Würzburg have found that fluoxetine and its analogue AKS466 can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus replication by trapping it in lysosomes and suppressing acid ceramidases, a new potential target for antiviral therapy.

SourceUniversity of Würzburg·JournalCells·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 17, 2022

Could blood marker predict the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in men?

A study found that elevated blood levels of chemokine CXCL9 predict the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in men. Researchers discovered a significant association between CXCL9 and hip fractures in a cohort of Chinese men, highlighting the potential for early interventions targeting CXCL9 to prevent hip fractures.

SourceWiley·JournalJournal of Bone and Mineral Research·DateAug 17, 2022

A new neuromorphic chip for AI on the edge, at a small fraction of the energy and size of today’s compute platforms

The NeuRRAM chip demonstrates wide range of AI applications with equivalent accuracy while reducing energy consumption by up to 70% compared to traditional compute platforms. It also supports various neural network models and architectures, enabling diverse AI applications on edge devices.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalNature·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 17, 2022

Frogs use brains or camouflage to evade predators

Researchers found that frogs with few predators rely on escape strategies with large brains and conspicuous coloration, while those with many predators use camouflage with smaller brains. This study establishes a link between brain evolution and predator evasion strategies.

SourceUniversity of Zurich·JournalScience Advances·TypeObservational study·DateAug 17, 2022

Sleeping giant could end deep ocean life

A new study by researchers at University of California - Riverside found that the position of continents can have a devastating effect on deep ocean creatures. Continental movement can cause a sudden collapse in global water circulation, leading to a stark separation between oxygen levels in the upper and lower depths.

SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalNature·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 17, 2022

How should Pollen Food Syndrome be diagnosed and managed?

Guidelines for diagnosing and managing Pollen Food Syndrome (PFS) have been developed to distinguish it from primary allergies and manage dietary restrictions. The guideline highlights the need for more research on health-related quality of life and novel treatments, including food immunotherapy.

SourceWiley·JournalClinical & Experimental Allergy·DateAug 17, 2022

Quality Improvement Program increases pneumococcal vaccination in adults with advanced kidney disease

A quality improvement program increased pneumococcal vaccination rates from 53% to 70% in adults aged 18-64 years with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease. The intervention, which utilized electronic best practice alerts within the electronic medical record, improved vaccination rates primarily among this high-risk group.

SourceNational Kidney Foundation·JournalAmerican Journal of Kidney Diseases·DateAug 17, 2022

Baylor study combines lithophane, 3D printing to enable individuals to "see" data regardless of level of eyesight

Researchers at Baylor University have developed a method to create tactile graphics that can be visualized by both blind and sighted individuals, enabling universal access to scientific data. The study used lithophane and 3D printing to convert scientific data into glowing, high-resolution images that can be interpreted through touch.

SourceBaylor University·JournalScience Advances·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 17, 2022

The single-atom-kernelled nanocluster catalyst obtained in "anti-galvanic reaction" for carbon dioxide conversion

Scientists have developed a novel single-atom-kernelled nanocluster catalyst that enhances the efficiency of carbon dioxide conversion. The catalyst, obtained through an 'anti-galvanic reaction' method, shows improved catalytic activity and selectivity compared to traditional methods.

Scientists create a DNA test that identifies Lyme disease in horses

A Rutgers scientist has developed a highly sensitive DNA test that can detect Lyme disease in horses, a condition that can cause long-term complications. The test, called genomic hybrid capture assay, was tested on a sick horse and successfully identified the pathogen, allowing for early diagnosis and treatment.

SourceRutgers University·JournalJournal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 17, 2022

Study finds newest generation of post-9/11 U.S. veterans experience similar, better outcomes than non-veterans in many aspects of their lives

A new study found that the newest generation of post-9/11 U.S. veterans report similar or better outcomes than non-veterans in various aspects of their lives, including positive health behaviors and social well-being. However, they also experience poorer health status compared to their peers.

SourceBoston University School of Medicine·JournalSocial Science & Medicine·TypeSurvey·DateAug 17, 2022

Scientists relieved to discover ‘curious’ creature with no anus is not earliest human ancestor

Scientists have discovered that Saccorhytus, a microscopic creature thought to be an early human ancestor, is actually part of a different family tree. The analysis revealed complex spines around its mouth and a lack of anus, indicating it is an ecdysoszoan, a group containing arthropods and nematodes.

SourceUniversity of Bristol·JournalNature·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 17, 2022

Misophonia is more than just hating the sound of chewing

Research identified distinct brain connections in individuals with misophonia, revealing that it may not be solely linked to oral sensory processing. The study found stronger connections between regions associated with finger movement and sensation, as well as the insula area linked to strong emotions like disgust.

SourceOhio State University·JournalFrontiers in Neuroscience·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 17, 2022

How hepatitis E tricks the immune system

Researchers discovered a mutated form of the hepatitis E virus that produces non-infectious particles but can bind antibodies, potentially giving the virus an advantage. The study found that one mutation affects the capsid protein and leads to smaller, non-infectious particles that are correctly recognized by the immune system.

SourceRuhr-University Bochum·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 17, 2022

Smartphone video motion analysis detected narrowed neck arteries that may lead to stroke

A new study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association suggests that smartphone video motion analysis can accurately detect narrowed neck arteries, which are a significant risk factor for stroke. The algorithm achieved an impressive 87% accuracy rate in detecting stenosis in participants with carotid artery disease.

SourceAmerican Heart Association·JournalJournal of the American Heart Association·DateAug 17, 2022

A fat molecule found to be critical for blood vessel health

Researchers at National University of Singapore have identified S1P as a potent signaling molecule crucial for maintaining blood vessel integrity and function. The study highlights the importance of S1P export from blood cells and blood vessels in preventing complications and mortality related to vascular diseases.

SourceNational University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine·JournalCell Reports·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateAug 17, 2022

How young chickens play can indicate how they feel

Researchers mapped young chickens' play development from hatching, finding 14 types of play that increased in intensity around 6-7 weeks old. Domestication didn't change play behavior, but tame chickens played more than their ancestors. Early stress surprisingly increased playful behavior.

SourceLinköping University·JournalScientific Reports·TypeObservational study·DateAug 17, 2022

New University of Rochester study shows promising alternative to opioids for pain after dental extractions

A new University of Rochester study compares two groups of patients with dental extractions, finding that a combination of non-opioid pain medications and gabapentin can minimize or eliminate opioids for dental pain. The results show promise for reducing opioid use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

SourceUniversity of Rochester Medical Center·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeObservational study·DateAug 17, 2022

Burying short sections of power lines would drastically reduce hurricanes’ future impact on coastal residents

Researchers at Princeton University found that burying 5% of power lines near main distribution points could reduce the number of affected residents by half. The study used Harris County, Texas, as an example and estimated that the risk of hurricane-blackout-heat wave events would increase 23 times by the end of the century under a

SourcePrinceton University, Engineering School·JournalNature Communications·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 17, 2022

Oncotarget | Kinase activity in renal cell carcinoma, benign renal tissue and in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Researchers identified differences in PTK activity between normal and cancer kidney tissue, with Src family kinases and PI3K pathways exhibiting high activity. Ex vivo treatment of clear cell RCC with TKIs revealed that tivozanib and cabozantinib were more potent inhibitors than sunitinib or pazopanib.

SourceImpact Journals LLC·JournalOncotarget·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 17, 2022

Lungless salamanders develop lungs as embryos despite lung loss in adults for millions of years

A new study reveals that four living amphibian clades, including the dominant Plethodontidae family of lungless salamanders, develop lungs as embryos but lose them as adults. This finding sheds light on the evolution of lung loss over millions of years and suggests that losing lungs may have enabled their remarkable evolutionary success.

Sea secrets surface in the Great Australian Bight

Oceanographers have discovered substantial subsurface phytoplankton layers deep beneath the eastern part of the Great Australian Bight, supporting rich marine biodiversity. This finding explains how the region's productivity survives even when surface phytoplankton blooms disappear during certain upwelling seasons.

SourceFlinders University·JournalContinental Shelf Research·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 17, 2022

GlyNAC supplementation reverses mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and aging hallmarks to boost strength and promote health in aging humans

A randomized clinical trial found that GlyNAC supplementation improves age-associated defects in older humans, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This led to improvements in muscle strength, gait speed, exercise capacity, and other health outcomes, showing promise for promoting healthy aging.

SourceBaylor College of Medicine·JournalThe Journals of Gerontology Series A·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateAug 17, 2022

Breaking in a new planet

Researchers found large impacts can fracture a planet's crust, introducing porosity that increases its potential for life. This discovery has implications for early Earth and Mars, suggesting life could have survived in pore spaces during intense impact periods.

SourcePurdue University·JournalNature Communications·DateAug 17, 2022

Preschoolers with larger vocabulary before they begin education, perform better in class – study shows

A study published in Early Education and Development journal found that preschoolers with stronger vocabulary skills at the start of the year display more positive engagement with teachers and peers. The researchers also discovered that inhibitory control is crucial for classroom engagement and learning.

SourceTaylor & Francis Group·JournalEarly Education and Development·TypeSurvey·DateAug 17, 2022

Mechanistic insights into contact hypersensitivity could pave the way for drug discovery

A study by Japanese researchers from Fujita Health University sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of contact dermatitis, revealing that neutrophil extracellular traps play a key role in the condition. The team's findings suggest that inhibiting NET formation could be a new therapeutic strategy for treating contact dermatitis.

SourceFujita Health University·JournalScientific Reports·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 17, 2022

New principles for biological fieldwork will build equity for researchers and local communities

A new paper outlines principles for reducing power imbalances in biological fieldwork, including procedures for permitting and licensing developed at the University of Kansas. The guidelines aim to ensure safety, legal, and ethical conduct, prioritizing communication and transparency in fieldwork planning.

SourceUniversity of Kansas·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 17, 2022

Can water quality trading effectively reduce water pollution?

A comprehensive review of water quality trading programs worldwide reveals that agricultural production remains largely unregulated, hindering their effectiveness. The authors suggest that nudging political will and creating regulatory drivers can help evolve water quality trading into a cost-effective pollution control instrument.

SourceWiley·JournalContemporary Economic Policy·DateAug 17, 2022

All rise!

A study found that combining a height-adjustable desk with an education programme, such as SMART Work and Life, can significantly reduce sitting time in the workplace. Participants using both the programme and a desk spent over an hour more time on their feet per day compared to those receiving the programme alone.

SourceUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust·JournalBMJ·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateAug 17, 2022

New research uncovers favoritism in order assignment

A recent paper by Darren Grant found favoritism in order assignment in various contests, including Texas and West Virginia primary elections. The author applied statistical methods to detect this behavior, which was often overlooked despite its significant impact on outcomes.

SourceWiley·JournalEconomic Inquiry·DateAug 17, 2022

Study presents the first data-driven model of cranial bone development in children

A new study presents the first data-driven sex-specific model of pediatric cranial bone development, providing a quantitative normative reference for local cranial bone development during the first ten years of life. The model improves current understanding and clinical diagnoses of cranial development disorders.

SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open·TypeObservational study·DateAug 17, 2022

Investigation into plastic pollution moves inland

A recent study found that microplastics in agricultural soils can cause a decrease in germination rate and changes to seed production, which could have negative consequences for food production. The presence of microplastics also alters soil characteristics such as its structure and microbial communities.

SourceStaffordshire University·JournalEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 17, 2022

Plate tectonics drives ocean oxygenation

Researchers used a three-dimensional climate model to recreate Earth's history and found that changing continents significantly increased ocean oxygen levels. This new study reveals the previously underestimated role of plate tectonics in shaping ocean biodiversity.

SourceCNRS·JournalNature·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 17, 2022