A landmark study identified microbes linked to lower risks of diabetes, heart disease and obesity. Researchers discovered novel microbes associated with specific foods and diets.
Researchers develop a biosensor using pillar[6]arene to detect 1-MNA, associated with aggressive cancer and metabolic syndrome. The sensor shows promise for early diagnosis and treatment of related pathologies.
Researchers at NTU Singapore have developed oral insulin nanoparticles that can carry large amounts of insulin, making them a potential alternative to painful injections. The nanoparticles are stable and able to pass through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream, offering a promising solution for diabetic patients.
A randomized clinical trial in Sierra Leone showed that trained associate clinicians can perform groin hernia operations as safely and effectively as doctors. The study's findings suggest task sharing could help address surgical care shortages in low-income countries.
A new study by Durham University and colleagues suggests that galaxy mergers could shut down star formation in the early universe, affecting galaxy growth. The researchers observed a massive galaxy, ID2299, which ejected half of its gas into the intergalactic medium due to the merger.
A new study found that up to 20% of glioblastomas are fueled by overactive mitochondria, making them potentially treatable with current clinical trial drugs. Researchers discovered four types of brain cancer, including the mitochondrial subtype, which has a slightly better prognosis.
A study aims to reduce return visits to ED by low-risk patients with anxiety-caused chest pain. Researchers will explore online and telehealth care delivery options for anxious patients.
Scientists discovered molecular basis for how shapeshifting immune system protein XCL1 evolved, outlining principles for designing metamorphic proteins as transformers. These principles can be used to develop biosensors, build nanoscale machines, and even create therapeutics.
Researchers from Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore and Columbia University in the US have solved the molecular structure of Wnt proteins and their dedicated transporter protein, Wntless. The study reveals a promising drug target for cancer treatment, with a made-in-Singapore anti-cancer drug, ETC-159, showing potential.
Researchers found that laypeople underestimate blood loss in female victims more than male victims, regardless of volume, and perceive it as less life-threatening. This knowledge can inform the design of training programs to teach people how to respond effectively in emergency situations.
A team from the Universities of York and Leeds has identified the way viruses like poliovirus and common cold virus assemble infectious copies of their genetic material. The study's findings could lead to the development of drugs that can block viral infections.
A recent study found that Asian water towers will struggle to quench the thirst of downstream communities despite more river runoff brought on by a warmer climate. Rising water demands from the growing population will outweigh warming in determining water scarcity in the Indus and Brahmaputra basins.
A Columbia University engineering team has created a robot that can visually predict its partner robot's future actions and goals, showcasing a primitive form of empathy. The 'Robot Theory of Mind' technology could enable robots to better interact with humans and other robots, leading to more intuitive social communication.
Research on chemistry PhD students reveals women from historically marginalized groups have fewer positive interactions with advisors and less financial support. Despite this, students from underrepresented groups are more likely to express commitment to scholastic goals when supported by faculty members from similar backgrounds.
A systematic review of 136 randomised controlled trials found that mindfulness reduces anxiety, depression and stress in most community settings, but with no significant benefit in over one in 20 trials. The findings suggest that individual results may vary depending on factors such as implementation, setting and target group.
A new 2D compound made of antimony and indium selenide exhibits unique properties depending on its polarization by an external electric field. This allows for potential applications in solar energy and quantum computing, with the material being relatively simple to make.
Starting tobacco products before age 18 increases addiction risk for young adults. A recent study found that youth who used e-cigarettes were three times more likely to become daily cigarette smokers compared to those who didn't use e-cigarettes.
Researchers reconstruct ancient Sunset Crater eruption, revealing high-explosivity phase with ash reaching 20km high. The study highlights the importance of carbon dioxide in volcanic eruptions and its potential impact on global climate.
Ocean acidification is transforming California mussel shells from aragonite to calcite, a response linked to increased acidity. This shift has significant implications for marine organisms and ecosystems, as mussels provide homes for hundreds of other species and are a rich food source.
University at Buffalo researchers have created a chemical sensing chip that approaches quantum limit capabilities, enabling quick and accurate detection of drugs and trace chemicals. The chip uses surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology to identify unique light-scattering signatures of chemicals.
A comprehensive analysis by RAND Corporation reveals that transforming the US mental health care system is possible. The report emphasizes the need to integrate behavioral health into general health care settings, provide supportive housing for the homeless, and promote comprehensive mental health education.
A study found high levels of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water in some Chinese cities, exceeding international guideline levels. The findings suggest urgent need for elimination of these chemicals from drinking water and better control and reduction of PFAS releases.
A new study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that youth with a family history of suicide attempts have lower executive functioning and poorer language reasoning. The study suggests cognitive-behavioral therapy and early intervention may help address these issues.
A team of Stanford researchers has designed a system that can run AI tasks faster and with less energy by harnessing eight hybrid chips, each with its own data processor built right next to its own memory storage. The Illusion System integrates the chips into one energy-efficient AI-processing engine.
Researchers demonstrate that no single algorithm can determine whether a superintelligent AI would produce harm, and deciding on its intelligence is incomputable. The study's containment problem highlights the challenges of controlling such an AI.
Researchers discovered a new, shorter form of ACE2 that lacks the viral binding site, contradicting previous studies. This finding supports the use of interferon-based treatments for COVID-19 patients.
A team of researchers at the University of Minnesota has discovered a groundbreaking one-step process for creating materials with unique properties, called metamaterials. They demonstrated a variable photonic crystal material with 99 percent efficiency using temperature and laser wavelength.
A new study stratified tumors into 112 subtypes and found Master Regulator proteins control the transcriptional state of each subtype. Targeting these proteins with novel drug classes could benefit a larger fraction of patients. The analysis identified 24 Master Regulator modules, mechanistically controlling cancer cell survival.
A three-site study found FEND's effectiveness in reducing exhaled particles by up to 99% in participants from the US and India. The results highlight FEND as a practical alternative for improving airway hygiene in low- and middle-income countries with high pollution levels.
Researchers led by Olaf Groß will test the effectiveness of their IMMUNOSTIM compounds in boosting cancer treatment and vaccine efficacy. The team aims to develop a new class of immune-activating drugs that can enhance the body's natural defense against infectious diseases.
Researchers developed a first-of-its-kind patient-informed questionnaire tool to capture quality of life and other key outcomes before and after abdominal hernia repair. The Abdominal Hernia-Q (AHQ) tool has been shown to be reliable, efficient, and sensitive to negative clinical outcomes.
A new study suggests a link between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the risk of glioma, a type of brain cancer, in adults. Researchers found that people with glioma were more likely to have antibodies to T.gondii than those without the disease.
Researchers simulate turbulence on both sides of sonic scale using LRZ HPC resources, capturing large-scale phenomena and advancing star formation models. The team's largest-ever simulation resolves the sonic scale for the first time, improving predictions of star formation rates and molecular cloud behavior.
Researchers have identified a genetic mutation linked to autism that affects brain function and development. The study found that the mutation impacts brain cells, leading to hyper-social behavior and learning disabilities in mice. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments targeting the cerebellum's neural processes.
Researchers at EPFL and Weizmann Institute of Science study spatial shifts of gene expression within liver lobules in relation to the circadian clock. The study reveals that many liver genes are both zonated and rhythmic, regulating key metabolic functions.
Pregnant women who exercise more during the first trimester of pregnancy may have a lower risk of developing gestational diabetes. The analysis found that exercising at least 38 minutes per day lowers the risk of gestational diabetes by 2.1 cases per 100 women and abnormal blood sugar by 4.8 cases per 100 women.
Two multi-year studies will investigate patient experiences with mental-health teletherapy services, including effects on engagement and treatment outcomes. Researchers aim to identify traits of individuals who benefit most from digital therapy, and develop personalized entry points to teletherapy.
A $2.25 million NIH grant is helping scientists understand the ufmylation pathway, which modifies proteins and cell function, in developing effective vaccines against influenza and other diseases. The research aims to optimize antibody production by selective upward adjustment of ufmylation in key cells.
Research shows that cycad trees' sex can be inferred from their branching behavior, providing a tool for conservationists to assess population traits. This knowledge is crucial for recovering the island's cycad population, as it was killed by non-native insect pests.
Researchers have discovered a new pathway for intercellular exchange of large cell structures, enabling genetic material to be transferred between plants. This process allows for the creation of new plant species and has implications for crops like bread and durum wheat.
A decade of data shows a significant drop in drowning deaths among children under 20 globally, with reductions averaging 49% in Australia, 51% in Canada, and 30% in New Zealand. However, adolescent females and First Nations peoples are experiencing a sharp increase in drownings.
Astronomers using ALMA have observed a distant galaxy losing its ability to form stars after ejecting nearly half of its star-forming gas. The galaxy's gas ejection is happening at an alarming rate, equivalent to 10,000 Suns-worth per year.
Physicists have developed a switchable qubit that can be tuned between a stable storage mode and a fast calculation mode, enabling the creation of powerful quantum computers. The new qubit technology allows for ultrafast spin manipulation, potentially reaching clock speeds comparable to conventional computers.
Researchers analyzed medical records for racial bias in clinician documentation, finding evidence of disparities based on race and ethnicity. The study highlights the need for improved training and education to address racial biases in healthcare.
Researchers will develop a low-tech virtual village platform to connect people living with HIV, providing resources and social support. The study aims to reduce depression, anxiety, and isolation among seniors aging with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Roman Space Telescope will enable new science in astrophysics by imaging an area 100 times larger than Hubble with the same crisp sharpness. It could reveal new insights into star formation during the universe's youth and galaxy clustering, as well as study the early universe and cosmic dawn.
A University of Cincinnati study has found that a mother's stress levels can affect her child's DNA and increase the risk of developing diseases such as asthma, obesity, and autism. The research suggests that maternal stress can alter physiological states in the fetus, leading to adverse health outcomes.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of vaccines using advanced technologies like reverse vaccinology and synthetic biology. These innovations could help address other pressing health challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and cancer.
Researchers found that exposure to acrolein, a chemical produced by tobacco combustion, increases cardiovascular disease risk; Higher levels of toxic chemicals were detected in tobacco smokers than marijuana only smokers. The study suggests reducing acrolein exposure could lower risk.
A team of specialists developed an award-winning 4D simulator technology to train neurosurgeons and reduce complications during brain aneurysm surgery. The simulator accurately models blood vessels, pulse, and flow, enabling enhanced planning and pre-op practice.
Mutations in the ARID1A gene increase glutamine metabolism in ovarian cancer cells, which can be blocked to target ARID1A-mutant tumors. Glutaminase inhibitors like CB-839 show promise as a standalone or combination therapy for clear cell ovarian carcinoma.
Scientists have created a new method for combating non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by equipping immune cells with an antenna that targets the CXCR5 receptor on cancer cells. In laboratory experiments and mouse models, this approach showed promising results in fighting follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
A new study by FAO and University of Twente reveals that small cities and towns play a significant role in shaping food systems, social development, and economic growth. The research highlights the need for greater coordination between urban and rural administrative authorities to address unequal access to services and employment oppor...
Researchers found that high cortisol concentrations in newborn fawns were associated with lower survival rates. Cortisol levels varied between study areas, suggesting other environmental factors may influence mortality rates.
A new study from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center finds that COVID-19 has led to a significant increase in cardiac deaths in the US, with a 11% rise in ischemic heart diseases and a 17% rise in hypertensive diseases compared to the previous year
A new design concept aims to increase laser peak power by compressing pulse duration instead of increasing energy, pushing the record to the Exawatt class. The design uses a two-beam pumped WNOPCPA and carefully optimized phase-matching to avoid pump interference.
Researchers have identified and characterised a new strain of Leishmania parasite to form the basis of a controlled human infection model. The study aims to accelerate vaccine development for this life-threatening disease, which causes slow-to-heal skin ulcers and has no current vaccines or effective treatments.
A study investigated the correlation between ADC parameters, Ki-67 expression, and clinical outcomes in PCNSL patients. In immunocompetent patients, ADC histogram analysis predicted tumor proliferation and survival. However, in HIV-positive patients, ADC values showed limited utility in predicting clinical outcomes.
Rutgers-led research found coral reef fish larvae dispersal varies significantly over time and seasonally. This variability affects population estimates and conservation strategies, highlighting the need for more nuanced studies on dispersal patterns.
A new approach involving specially trained nurses increased ACP discussions with patients, documenting it in 42% of visits compared to 3.7% in normal care groups. The nurse-led group used an electronic health record tool to guide the conversation and document patient goals.
Research reveals a strong relationship between anthropogenic heat flux and extreme temperature events, including both heat and cold extremes. The study, conducted in Beijing, China, uses advanced modeling techniques to analyze the impact of urbanization on temperature records.
A massive community-based testing blitz in San Francisco found that COVID-19 infections disproportionately affect the city's Latinx low-income workforce, with 79% of positive results coming from this demographic. The study emphasizes the need for targeted strategies to address the ongoing pandemic and support vulnerable communities.
Researchers found that osteoporosis drug denosumab can protect patients from osteolysis, reduce the need for re-operations and decrease the health burden of this disease. This could lead to a significant reduction in the number of repeat hip replacement operations.
Recent research suggests that traditional entrepreneurship education may not be effective in motivating students to pursue entrepreneurial careers. A new study by two researchers found that students' life goals play a crucial role in their decision-making process regarding entrepreneurship. By facilitating an understanding of these lif...
Researchers discovered that invasive brown tree snakes on Guam can use a novel, lasso-like locomotion to climb smooth vertical cylinders. This new mode of locomotion has important implications for understanding the snakes and conservation practices aimed at protecting birds from them.
Researchers at NC State University developed a framework to predict organic solar cell stability using elastic modulus and glass transition temperature. The most stable cells contain highly rigid materials with low miscibility, resulting in reduced diffusion and increased stability.
Researchers found that individuals who enjoyed zombie and apocalyptic movies before the pandemic were better equipped to deal with it. Immersing oneself in fiction can serve as mental rehearsal for real-life events, according to the study published in Personality and Individual Differences.
A new study by Stanford researchers reveals that climate change has substantially contributed to the growing cost of flooding in the US. The analysis, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that changes in precipitation accounted for 36% of actual flood damages from 1988 to 2017.
Research suggests that COVID-19 severity may be influenced by the composition of the gut microbiome, with certain bacteria contributing to inflammatory responses. The study found that patients with COVID-19 had altered gut microbiota compared to healthy individuals, including lower levels of beneficial species.
Researchers developed a novel, patient-derived model of ulcerative colitis to identify promising targets for new treatments. The model showed that inhibiting CXCL8 expression slowed disease progression.
Scientists at TU Graz have identified a bacterium inside the seed of rice plants that can lead to complete resistance to a particular pathogen. The bacterium, Sphingomonas melonis, produces an organic acid that inhibits the pathogen and renders it harmless.
The American Academy of Arts & Sciences and The MIT Press have announced that Daedalus, Journal of the American Academy, will now be an open access publication. This move makes hundreds of previously inaccessible essays freely available to audiences worldwide.
Astronauts on long-duration missions face nutrient deficiencies from dehydrated food; Ying Diao's research uses wearable sensors to monitor plant stress and optimize growth conditions. The technology has potential applications beyond space exploration, including addressing climate change by helping plants adapt to changing environments.
Researchers developed saliva-based testing as a sensitive alternative to nasal swabs. High demand for PPE revealed society's dependence on forced labor during the pandemic. No association was found between COVID-19 mitigation strategies and risk of preterm births or stillbirths. A new case report suggests a potential link between SARS-...
Researchers at the University of Bath developed a sustainable polymer using xylose, with applications in polyurethane, bio-medicine, and batteries. The polymer's properties can be easily controlled to make it flexible or crystalline.
Researchers at Rice University have successfully created metastable metallic nanoparticles from dichalcogenides, which can be used in electronics and optics. The process involves applying a high electrical charge to rapidly raise the material's temperature, producing a new class of highly valued materials.
A new study suggests that Dense Breast Notifications (DBNs) have achieved partial success in informing women about their breast density, with higher rates of notification and discussions with providers in states with mandated DBN laws. However, the study also found disparities in knowledge and awareness among women of different race/et...
The American College of Physicians (ACP) has released a comprehensive framework to address disparities and discrimination in healthcare, proposing policy recommendations to enhance quality and effectiveness for all patients. The framework also discusses specific contributors to health disparities and steps to improve them.
A large-scale international study found strong associations between specific gut microbes, dietary habits, and cardiometabolic disease risk. Participants who consumed a healthy, plant-based diet had higher levels of beneficial gut microbes.
Researchers have discovered how Staphylococcus aureus binds to human corneocytes in atopic dermatitis, providing new insights into the development of targeted treatments.
A team of UT Southwestern researchers has identified the gene ZMYND8 as being increased in breast cancer conditions and correlating with poor survival rates. The gene regulates DNA stability and inhibits antitumor immunity, but removing or inhibiting it allows lymphocytes to invade tumors and prevent growth.
A study found that nonnative birds in Oahu, Hawaii, dominate seed dispersal networks, with most seeds coming from nonnative plants. This shift has significant implications for the island's ecosystems and biodiversity.
Researchers analyzed COVID-19 hospitalization trends in 22 states to assess severity and spread of the virus in pediatric population. The study found significant variations in hospitalization rates across states, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to prevent further transmission.
Researchers have developed a new optical neural network that can process large-scale data and images at incredible speeds, surpassing electronic computing hardware. This innovation has the potential to transform artificial intelligence in applications such as image recognition, medical diagnosis, and real-time video analysis.
This special issue of Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B investigates the impact of tumor microenvironment on drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Featured papers discuss various strategies to enhance specificity, target tumor-associated macrophages and manipulate immune-vascular crosstalk.
A study of potential jurors found they are more favorable towards physicians who accept standard AI medical recommendations. The study suggests the threat of legal liability may be smaller than commonly thought, influencing physician behavior and AI adoption.
Researchers at Northwestern University identified critical targets to treat severe COVID-19 pneumonia and lessen its damage. The study suggests macrophages can be infected by SARS-CoV-2, contributing to the infection's spread.
A study reveals systemic gender and racial inequities in US chemistry graduate programs, leading to lower retention and completion rates for underrepresented groups. Inadequate financial support and poor peer interactions also hinder career aspirations.
Researchers developed a new way to generate tough, functional materials using a mixture of bacteria and yeast, producing cellulose embedded with enzymes that can sense environmental pollutants. They also incorporated yeast directly into the material, creating 'living materials' for purifying water or detecting damage.
Researchers at Washington State University have identified biomarkers in fathers' sperm that are linked to an increased risk of their children developing autism. These epigenetic markers can be detected with high accuracy and may help diagnose the condition, as well as identify environmental factors that contribute to its development.
The study found PD-1 lymphocytes more frequent in high-grade anal dysplastic lesions and CD8 lymphocytes in HSIL versus LSIL. The presence of PD-L1 epithelial cells showed no difference between high and low-grade lesions.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that people who pursue meaningful activities during lockdown feel more satisfied, while those who engage in mindless busywork experience increased frustration and less fulfillment. Researchers suggest that substituting enjoyable activities for the pre-lockdown routine can be a more rewarding experience.
A team-based approach to treating opioid use disorder with community pharmacists shows promise in improving medication adherence and participant satisfaction. The study found nearly 90% of participants remained in the program and 95.3% adhered to their daily medication regimen.
Engineered living materials (ELMs) are created using a symbiotic combination of yeast and bacteria, similar to those found in kombucha SCOBY. These ELMs can detect and filter contaminants in water, packaging, and act as 'living photographs' displaying projected images.
A UMass Lowell researcher has received a $700,000 NIH grant to explore the effectiveness of virtual reality-based rehabilitation for young people with traumatic brain injuries. The therapy aims to improve cognitive functioning and enhance quality of life for these patients.
Researchers at the University of Houston have developed a new 3D zinc-manganese nano-alloy anode that allows for fast charging and is stable without degrading. The anode uses seawater as an electrolyte, lowering battery cost, and has been tested to last up to 1,000 hours under high current density.
Researchers discovered that face-sensitive neurons in humans reactivate with the same unique pattern when viewing and remembering a face. This finding has significant implications for understanding human facial recognition and processing.
Researchers improved understanding of intestinal stem cells' renewal and differentiation into specialized cell types. They identified a specific Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway regulating intestinal stem cell self-renewal and lineage decisions, crucial for treating diseases like diabetes and colorectal cancer.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that associate clinicians performed inguinal hernia operations safely and effectively, with fewer cases of recurrence compared to medical doctors. The research suggests task sharing as an attractive option to expand surgical services in low-income countries.
A recent study published in Cancer reveals that having multiple oral sex partners and engaging in high-intensity sex at a younger age significantly increase the likelihood of developing HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. The research also found that older sexual partners and extramarital relationships are associated with higher risk.
A team of Virginia Tech scientists has identified a new link between seizures and connexin 36 deficiency in zebrafish models. The study found that connexin 36 deficiency altered the susceptibility to neuronal hyperactivity, which may contribute to the onset of subsequent seizures.
Researchers from NANOGrav used Arecibo Observatory and Green Bank Telescope to study pulsar signals, detecting minute changes in Earth's position possibly due to gravitational waves. The findings provide new insights into the universe and expand knowledge of gravity beyond current limits.
Research reveals that aerosol-generating procedures like fillings and root canal treatment can spray aerosol particles large distances, contaminating areas up to 5 meters away. The study found that dental suction decreases contamination, making it a suitable time to clean surgeries after procedures.
Recent studies document striking patterns of insect biodiversity loss, with many populations decreasing at annual rates of 1-2% a year due to human activities such as agriculture. However, some species are increasing in abundance and geographic distribution in temperate and Arctic areas.
Researchers on the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) project have detected a strong signal in their dataset, but cannot yet confirm it as the gravitational wave background. The team is hoping to pinpoint the source of the signal and gain insights into the universe through this discovery.
A large-scale international study found a panel of 15 gut microbes associated with lower risks of common conditions. Diets rich in healthy foods encourage the presence of these beneficial microbes, which are linked to improved health outcomes.
Physicists at Princeton University have observed quantum oscillation in an insulator, a phenomenon typically seen in metals. The discovery hints at the existence of neutral fermions and challenges the long-held distinction between metals and insulators.
The study found that almost half of people undergoing treatment when the pandemic began reported using some form of telemedicine. Researchers also noted that use of telehealth for behavioral health conditions was lower among women, older adults, and those with less than a high school education.
This issue of APSB features studies on the anticancer effects of berberine, baicalein's potent antivirus ability against HSV-1, and a new class of PDE10A inhibitors for treating PAH. Additionally, several articles explore innovative drug delivery systems and novel targets for cancer therapy.
The new approach uses dynamic LED lighting to create 3D images without requiring complex synchronization. The researchers achieved a reconstruction error of just 2.6 millimeters using a smartphone and commercially available LEDs.
An international team from Osaka University has reported a novel hybrid emitter that could revolutionize OLED display design. The SiAz material achieved an external quantum efficiency of 4%, making it the best-performing heavy-atom-free OLED to date.
Researchers developed a framework to evaluate climate change adaptations for water and energy systems, finding that conserving water can alleviate electricity grid stress. The study applied this framework to California, highlighting two possible adaptation pathways: one energy-intensive and another that saves both water and energy.
A new study found that marijuana use consistently increases throughout the calendar year, peaking during late fall or early winter before dropping at the beginning of the following year. The researchers believe this may be due to a 'Dry January' effect, where people stop using marijuana as part of a New Year's resolution.
Researchers found that MLL4 controls the production of neurons vital to growth, leading to delayed growth and short stature in patients. Small chemicals mimicking epigenetic actions of MLL4 may help restore GHRH neuron production, offering a potential treatment strategy.
Rice University engineers have created a process that converts carbon monoxide directly into acetic acid, a widely used chemical agent. The electrochemical process uses nanoscale copper cubes and solid-state electrolytes to produce highly purified acetic acid with up to 98% purity.
Researchers have developed a femtosecond laser with unprecedented precision and stability, allowing for the observation of chemical transformations inside cells and the creation of ultra-thin layers on microchips. The laser's harmonic mode locking system enables precise control over pulse frequencies, opening up new avenues for applica...
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago developed a new catalyst made from 10 elements that can lower methane combustion temperatures by half. This could lead to a significant reduction in harmful greenhouse gases produced by burning natural gas in households, power turbines, and cars.
A study of Mytilus californianus shells reveals a shift in mineralogical composition over the past 60 years, from aragonite to calcite. Ocean acidification is likely responsible for this change, indicating potential impacts on marine ecosystems.
A recent NIH study found that women who use cannabis while trying to conceive are around 40% less likely to get pregnant each month. The study of over 1,200 women aged 18-40 with one or two miscarriages found no difference in miscarriage rates but noted differences in reproductive hormones involved in ovulation.
A new study published in Nature Sustainability found that more management measures employed in fisheries lead to better outcomes for fish populations. The research team analyzed data from nearly 300 fish populations and confirmed that increased management attention is linked to healthier fisheries.
Researchers at Colorado State University and the University of Cincinnati have discovered a new mode of snake locomotion, called lasso locomotion, which enables brown tree snakes to ascend larger smooth cylinders. This discovery may help protect endangered birds from the snakes' impact.
Two studies reveal that mosaic mutations during embryonic development contribute to the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with most brains harboring 'point' mutations in enhancers. Additionally, large copy number variants (CNVs) were found in people with ASD, often affecting multiple genes and chromosome regions.
A study by University of Exeter researcher Dr. Patrick English found that minority candidates are less likely to be fielded in areas with lower tolerance for diversity. Only 65 out of 650 potential BAME MPs needed to reflect the UK's minority-ethnic population, highlighting a systemic barrier to representation.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant indirect impact on heart disease patients in the US and globally. Deaths from ischemic heart disease and hypertensive diseases increased during the pandemic, while cardiovascular testing disruptions were observed worldwide.
Genetically identical cells can still behave differently after starvation, and researchers have identified key biomarkers that predict which cells will take quiescent or senescent paths. The findings could lead to more predictable responses to pharmaceutical treatments.
A UVA-led team has developed a new approach to power grid planning that incorporates the impacts of hurricanes, reducing costs and emissions. The model simulates the likelihood and intensity of storms, allowing for more efficient infrastructure investments and projected average electricity costs.
A bacterium has been identified that produces the potent substance FR900359, which inhibits Gq proteins with similar potency to no other compound. The discovery facilitates large-scale production of the substance, allowing researchers to explore its therapeutic potential.
David Wetz, UTA professor of electrical engineering, has received a DURIP grant to study the insulation properties of epoxy and additively manufactured materials in compact high-voltage systems. The goal is to identify new ways to improve dielectric properties, reducing system size and weight.
A new polymer patch provides controlled release of a drug blocking COX-2 enzyme, driving pain and inflammation. The patch can provide three to four days of localized pain control for critical post-surgical period.
Researchers developed a CD45-directed antibody radioconjugate to target and deplete specific immune cells. The treatment safely depleted T cells, B cells, NK cells, and Tregs in mice while sparing red blood cells and platelets.
A simple nurse- or carer-led medicines' monitoring system has been shown to reduce medication-related illness in people living in residential care homes. The Adverse Drug Reaction Profile (ADRe-p) system helped identify medicines' mismanagement and adverse drug reactions, leading to improved prescribing and reduced harm.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new electrochemical reaction using polymers to improve CO2-to-ethylene conversion efficiency. The study found that the new polymer-entrained electrodes produced more stable chemical intermediates, resulting in up to 87% ethylene production, surpassing previous reports.
Researchers discovered that tweaking one layer of atoms on a catalyst's surface can significantly improve its performance in splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient production of hydrogen fuel, a crucial component of renewable energy storage.
Researchers at KIST have developed a breakthrough material design strategy to overcome the problem of high interfacial resistance between solid electrolytes and cathodes in all-solid-state batteries. The new approach improves charge transfer and stability by optimizing the crystal structure of the cathode material.
A study from MIT neuroscientists has identified a hippocampal circuit that stores information about the timing of events, allowing mice to remember when to turn left or right in a maze. Disrupting this circuit impaired their ability to remember direction, but not location.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a battery anode based on a new nanostructured alloy that can improve energy storage and replace solvents with seawater. The zinc- and manganese-based alloy suppresses dendrite formation, demonstrating super-high stability over thousands of cycles.
Anti-Black racism in healthcare has significant negative effects on the physical and mental health of Black people. The authors recommend dismantling systemic racism through training, data collection, and increased accessibility for Black students.
Researchers sequenced 107 microalgae species from diverse locations to gain insights into genomic differences in saltwater and freshwater microalgae. The study reveals fundamental differences in nuclear and cellular membranes between the two, with marine species containing more viral-origin genes.
Researchers developed an in vitro human-derived tissue model to study SARS-CoV-2 infection and its progression to ARDS. The model revealed a cellular immune response to the virus, indicating potential for effective treatment with interferon lambda.
The new technique allows researchers to study whole neural circuits in high detail and at scale. They used it to create a comprehensive map of neuronal circuits that control motor function in fruit flies, discovering new sensory neurons.
The study incorporates fluid dynamics and roughness of joint surfaces to evaluate artificial hips, aiming to advance the design of more robust prostheses. The model could help clinicians personalize hip joints for patients depending on gender, weight, age, and gait variations.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports has uncovered evidence of the youngest known occurrence of Middle Stone Age tools, dated to around 11 thousand years ago. This discovery challenges the long-held view that these tool types were replaced by a miniaturized toolkit after 30 thousand years ago.
A pooled data analysis suggests that drinking several cups of coffee daily may be associated with a lower risk of developing prostate cancer. The study found that each additional daily cup was linked to a relative risk reduction of nearly 1%, with the highest intake group showing a 9% lower risk compared to the lowest.
A team of researchers, including K-State's Kyle Goerl, analyzed data from 1,830 quarantined college athletes and found that the risk of COVID-19 transmission decreases after 10 days of quarantine. The study suggests that shortened quarantine periods may be effective in reducing transmission if people follow important mitigation measures.
The CriticalEarth programme aims to develop climate scientists skilled in advanced mathematical theories and the physics of Earth systems. The project addresses two key challenges: abrupt climate shifts and uncertainty in temperature rise predictions.
Russian researchers have proposed a new synthesis method for high-quality graphene nanoribbons, which has a higher yield and is cheaper than the current method. The new approach uses nickel as a substrate and produces multilayer films of nanoribbons, which can be easily separated into individual monolayers.
Research reveals a significant drop in people seeking help for mental illness and self-harm during the first UK lockdown, with treatment gaps greatest for working-age individuals and those from deprived areas. The study found that anxiety disorders decreased by 47.8% and antidepressant prescriptions dropped by 36.4%.
Researchers investigated the flagellar arrangements of 15 unicellular species, revealing their impact on swimming speed and fluid flow architecture. Dinoflagellates were found to excel in both feeding and stealth behaviors due to their unique flagellar arrangement.
Researchers at Columbia University Mailman School developed an early warning system that optimizes surveillance site selection and forecasts the geographic spread of influenza. The method can be applied to other respiratory outbreaks and diseases, providing cost-effective support for public health officials.
The NYU Tandon School of Engineering has received a $2M grant to fund its TRIO Scholars Program, which aims to support underrepresented students in STEM fields. The program provides academic tutoring, financial aid counseling, and career mentoring to help students succeed.
Research reveals that UVA light intensity affects seasonal responses in marine animals, altering behavior and hormone production. The study found a key light receptor involved in responding to UVA light, which was absent in worms lacking this receptor.
Researchers measured pulsar accelerations to clock star motions, revealing tiny accelerations at a few centimeters per second. This opens a new window into galactic dynamics and provides clues in the search for dark matter.
Researchers at Umeå University have made a significant discovery about the diarrhea virus, revealing its ability to survive acidic stomach environments and infect intestines. This understanding could lead to the development of new vaccines, potentially given in edible form, and has implications for tackling diseases like COVID-19.
Researchers used machine learning to design novel reticular frameworks for CO2 separation, outperforming existing materials. The automated platform generates optimal material designs, significantly reducing development time and resources.
A new study found that non-Hispanic white patients are disproportionately placed on liver transplant waitlists, with disparities attributed to private health insurance access and travel distance. The researchers suggest increasing awareness of these trends may promote equitable access to transplants.
A randomized clinical trial evaluated two antibiotic strategies for adults with uncomplicated acute appendicitis. The study found that one strategy resulted in lower rates of hospital discharge without surgery and recurrent appendicitis over a year.
A new study predicts that the number of people suffering extreme droughts will more than double by the late 21st century due to climate change. Global land area and population facing extreme droughts could increase from 3% to 7-8%, posing significant threats to food security and human migration.