Two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine provide more than 95% protection against COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, severe illness, and death, including among the elderly. The analysis also reveals a decline in COVID-19 cases following Israel's national vaccination programme.
A study by the University of Ottawa found nearly two-thirds of Black individuals in Canada suffer from severe depressive symptoms. Women are disproportionately affected, with those who experience racial discrimination also showing higher rates.
A new study profiles teachers providing English Medium Instruction globally, with social sciences and natural sciences being the most represented disciplines. The research also highlights country-specific differences in EMI practices.
A new study surveyed 1,170,769 Chinese students to identify different online learning needs by grade level. Young children require guidance from teachers and parents, while older students need collaboration opportunities.
A large study found a slightly increased rate of vein blood clots, including cerebral venous thrombosis, after the first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine. However, researchers stress that the risk is considered low and the benefits of vaccination still outweigh the risks for most age groups.
A revolutionary assistive technology called Earswitch allows people with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) to communicate by tensing a tiny muscle in their ear. The device uses the tensor tympani muscle, which can be controlled voluntarily, and offers a new way for individuals with severe communications restrictions to express themselves.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that participants who were touched by a humanoid robot during conversation reported a better emotional state. Those who received non-functional touch from the robot were more likely to comply with requests and exhibit positive behavioral responses, suggesting potential for robots to boost motivation.
Researchers discovered a new disease that prevents antibody formation, treating it with a bone marrow transplant from a sibling donor. The study found that the genetic mutation responsible for PU.MA affects B cell development and chromatin accessibility.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that low-protein intake during pregnancy can lead to a significant decrease in the number of nephrons in offspring, resulting in hypertensive effects and kidney damage. The researchers discovered this effect by analyzing microRNA expression in rat embryos fed with a low-protein diet during ges...
Researchers found that adding aluminum to seawater increases net carbon fixation of marine diatoms by 10-30%, improving the ocean's ability to absorb CO2. This process can significantly increase the ocean's carbon sink capacity and sequester carbon for long periods, aiding climate change mitigation.
Researchers investigated mitochondrial fission and discovered two types of division: midzone and peripheral. Midzone divisions have textbook machinery, while peripheral divisions are associated with stress and dysfunction. The study sheds light on regulation mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for human diseases.
Andrew T. Hattersley, a renowned diabetes researcher, has been awarded the 2021 Harold Hamm International Prize for Biomedical Research in Diabetes. The prize recognizes his lifelong contributions to the field of diabetes research and his singular advances that promote curative potential.
A Yale School of Environment study found that efficiencies in new home construction, energy consumption, and household appliances have contributed to lower emissions, but other factors may cancel out progress. The researchers suggest shifting from single-family housing to multi-family housing could reduce energy demand by up to 47%.
Research has expanded hyaluronic acid's uses beyond cosmetics, exploring its potential in wound healing, nerve and muscle pain treatments, and cancer therapy. The ingredient is being combined with other proven ingredients to create optimized products with tangible results.
Researchers found a slightly increased rate of rare blood clots, including cerebral blood clots and venous blood clots, following AstraZeneca vaccination. The absolute risk remains low, but the vaccine has been removed from Danish and Norwegian vaccination programmes due to concerns.
Researchers from Skoltech, Italy, discovered a new axis for preventing liver fibrosis by targeting the GILZ protein. The study used mice models and verified findings with human clinical data, suggesting that controlling the signaling pathway involving GILZ could lead to treating inflammatory liver diseases.
A University of Maine-led study has uncovered new information about millennia of sea ice variability in the Southern Hemisphere by examining the chemistry of a 54,000-year-old South Pole ice core. The research reveals significant fluctuations in wintertime sea ice and an overall increase in ice cover throughout the Holocene.
The American Society for Nutrition (ASN) has announced the recipients of its scientific achievement awards, recognizing top researchers, clinicians, and educators for their contributions to advancing nutrition research, education, and practice. The awards will be presented virtually during NUTRITION 2021 LIVE ONLINE.
Researchers have discovered a high-temperature superconductor in the 2D material W2N3, with a critical temperature of 21 K. This finding has significant implications for the development of nanoscale devices and our understanding of topological properties.
Researchers have uncovered the oldest known human burial in Africa, dating back to 78,000 years ago. The discovery, made at Panga ya Saidi cave site in Kenya, reveals evidence of an intentional burial and suggests that Homo sapiens practiced mortuary rites similar to those of Neanderthals.
Researchers identified a new genetic mutation causing progressive muscle damage, shedding light on the function of over 4,000 genes associated with hereditary diseases. The study's findings provide crucial insights into the development of muscle cells and their ability to recover.
Studies found Twitter's real-time Q&A sessions and semi-anonymous interactions can benefit students' engagement and confidence. However, barriers to Twitter's use in dental education include privacy concerns and professionalism issues.
According to a new study, hospitals participating in the 340B Drug Pricing Program provide more medication access services than comparably sized non-340B hospitals. The study found that 340B hospitals offered an average of 6.2 services, including prior authorization assistance and free or discounted outpatient medications.
A new study by Drexel University researchers found that nonprofit executives earn 8.9% less than their male counterparts, with the gap widening when there is room for salary negotiations. The study also found that organizations with higher female board representation and a female CEO tend to have smaller pay gaps.
A study analyzing 340 European soil samples reveals high levels of pesticide residues in conventional agriculture, while organic farming practices show lower contamination. The research emphasizes the need for regulations and reference points to protect soil biodiversity and quality.
A study by the American College of Cardiology found that nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke have a 35% increased risk of developing heart failure. The association was strongest in men and among those with previous heart conditions, highlighting the need for education and stringent smoke-free policies.
International media focused on wildlife, habitat destruction, and climate change, while Australian outlets prioritized human impact, firefighters, and politicians. This disparity in coverage highlights the distinct visual news values of domestic versus international media.
A study by the American College of Cardiology found that people with prediabetes are at a significantly higher risk of heart attacks and strokes compared to those with normal blood sugar levels. The researchers suggest that preventing prediabetes from the start may be the best approach, rather than just focusing on preventing diabetes.
The program, called Practical Alternative to Hospitalization (PATH), uses advanced practice providers and personalized plans to support patients after visiting the emergency department. Nearly 9 out of 10 patients enrolled in PATH did not need to return to the hospital for care within a month.
A study from the University of Cambridge found that experts like epidemiologists and statisticians made far more accurate predictions about the COVID-19 pandemic than the general public. However, both groups underestimated the true extent of the pandemic.
Researchers at Florida Atlantic University will assess safety measures against airborne transmission of viral infections. They will evaluate various protective measures, including facemasks and air filters, to develop experimentally verified computational strategies for mitigating airborne transmission.
A study published in Women's Health found that the pandemic significantly increased stress levels among mothers with preschoolers, leading to reduced sleep, physical activity, and a higher risk for obesity and poor health. The researchers recommend providing reliable childcare options and support systems to help mothers balance work an...
Researchers found that people with reduced kidney function have an increased risk of developing dementia, with those with moderate chronic kidney disease having a 71% higher risk. The study highlights the importance of identifying and treating cases of kidney disease to reduce the risk of dementia.
A new study suggests that postmenopausal women are at increased risk of subsequent fractures after an initial bone break, regardless of the location. The study found that fractures in various parts of the body, including the arm, wrist, leg, and hip, were associated with a significant increase in risk.
A new study found that repeat vape aerosol exposure had little impact on lung tissue, unlike combustible cigarette smoke, which caused significant biological responses in lung cell models.
Researchers found that larger, more experienced bumblebees begin foraging at dawn despite poor visibility. This suggests that knowledge of food locations helps them navigate safely, and they can capitalize on the benefits of extra foraging time during early morning.
Researchers have identified a magnetic sense in bats, located in the cornea of their eyes, allowing them to navigate during long-distance migrations. This sense is necessary for orientation and was disrupted by anaesthesia of the cornea, yet orientation still worked with one eye.
Researchers have developed a personalized sweat sensor that accurately estimates blood glucose levels without the need for finger pricks. The device uses a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel and electrochemical sensors to measure glucose in sweat, providing an accurate estimate of blood sugar levels with an accuracy rate of over 95%.
Tufts University researchers develop a silk-based leather material with similar texture and flexibility to real leather, using sustainable sources and environmentally friendly chemical processes. The material can be printed into various patterns and textures and is biodegradable.
A new study led by UMass Amherst's Rob DeConto models the impact of different warming scenarios on the Antarctic Ice Sheet, finding that exceeding Paris Agreement targets will accelerate sea-level rise. The research suggests that ambitious action to rein in warming is necessary to prevent catastrophic ice loss and sea level rise.
Chemists create supramolecular cage using Pd6(TPT)4 cages that can transport and release pharmaceutically active molecules like ibuprofen and progesterone. The system uses ultrasonification to break the bonds, releasing the drugs at the desired location.
A recent study has identified discrepancies in World Health Organization (WHO) classifications of pesticide hazards, leading to the continued use of potentially lethal pesticides in developing countries. The researchers propose eliminating all pesticides with fatality rates above five per cent to reduce suicides.
Researchers analyzed records from two large U.S. databases to examine the relationship between erythropoietin doses and hip fracture rates in patients with kidney failure. They found that fluctuations in EPO doses over time closely tracked average EPO dose used, highlighting a potential increased risk of hip fractures.
The study found that ancient civilizations in Greece were genetically homogenous, suggesting critical innovations like urban centres and metal use came from local Neolithic groups. Migration waves from the Pontic-Caspian steppe also shaped present-day Greece, supporting theories on Indo-European languages.
Researchers at the University of Kansas have described a new species of fanged frog found in the Philippines, which was previously thought to be the same as another species on a neighboring island. The Mindoro Fanged Frog has distinct genetic differences and unique mating calls, setting it apart from its cousin.
The R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine has shown high efficacy of 77% in a phase IIb trial and is now being assessed in a larger phase III trial across five sites in West and East Africa. The vaccine aims to reduce malaria deaths by at least 90% by 2030, with the potential to provide over 200 million doses annually.
A large observational study by Karolinska Institutet researchers found a clear link between poor kidney function and increased risk of dementia. The study of over 325,000 individuals suggested that an eGFR score of 30-59ml/min was associated with a 71% increased risk of dementia.
A recent study analyzing 156,570 hospitalized patients found that anti-infective agents, cancer medications, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most toxic to the liver. Voriconazole, an antifungal medication, was associated with the highest incidence of drug-induced liver injury.
A team of researchers from CNRS has uncovered the earliest human burial site in Africa, dated to approximately 78,000 years ago. The discovery at Panga ya Saidi in Kenya reveals a complex funerary treatment involving a shroud and potential ritual participation from the child's community.
MIT biologists discovered that cells are squeezed out of tissue when they can't replicate their DNA during cell division. This process, called extrusion, may serve as a way to eliminate cancerous or precancerous cells.
Scientists are certain that dark matter exists, but have no direct evidence. Researchers at the University of Delaware propose using tabletop sensors to detect ultralight dark matter particles. They plan to use optomechanical accelerometers to measure changes in acceleration between materials.
Marine scientists call on EU to adopt a two-step approach to reduce bycatch levels, involving quantitative management objectives and monitoring programmes. The experts recommend using electronic monitoring systems and regular formal assessments of small cetacean populations.
Researchers created a probe that glows when detecting an enzyme associated with blood clots and strokes. The probe, made up of two components, can host fluorescent molecules and detects an increase in fluorescence intensity when the probe comes into contact with the enzyme.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have created flat-packed pasta that forms into familiar shapes when cooked, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional pasta. The pasta's unique grooves control its shape, allowing for reduced packaging, storage, and transportation needs.
A large clinical trial has definitively shown that dexamethasone, a steroid commonly used during anaesthesia before surgery, does not increase the risk of surgical wound infections. The study enrolled over 8,700 patients and found no significant difference in wound infection rates between those receiving dexamethasone and placebo.
Researchers have revealed the 3D atomic structure of the human PANX1 protein, a channel pore that plays a crucial role in pyroptosis, a form of cell death triggered by an immune response. The study provides new insights into the mechanism controlling pyroptosis and opens up potential avenues for developing targeted therapies.
A Rutgers coauthored study suggests catastrophic sea-level rise from Antarctic melting may occur if global warming exceeds 2 degrees Celsius, triggering rapid ice-sheet retreat and collapse. The risk of such an event is lower if the Paris Agreement's target is met.
Researchers simulate conditions necessary for Saturn's unique magnetic field, indicating higher temperatures at the equatorial region and lower temperatures at high latitudes. The findings advance the effort to map Saturn's hidden regions and provide insights into the planet's formation and evolution.
A new ant species, Strumigenys ayersthey, has been discovered in Ecuador's tropical forests, featuring a trap-jaw morphology and a scientific name that celebrates gender diversity. The species' name, inspired by artist Jeremy Ayers, uses the non-binary suffix -they to recognize non-conventional gender assignments.
A novel CBD analog, KLS-13019, has been shown to effectively alleviate pain and reverse sensitivity in mice with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The study suggests that KLS-13019 may have an additional mechanism of action beyond pain relief, potentially disrupting opioid-seeking behavior.
A new genetic mutation found in African Americans significantly increases risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure, prompting researchers to recommend genetic testing for this population. The study also identifies a potential link between a newly discovered gene and early-onset AFib.
A UBC Okanagan researcher warns that ignoring Atrial Fibrillation (AF) symptoms can have severe consequences for women. Despite being the most commonly diagnosed arrhythmia, many people do not understand its pre-diagnosis symptoms and tend to ignore them.
Researchers at Göttingen University have identified a completely novel on/off switch in proteins that controls their structure and function. The discovery of this lysine-cysteine redox switch has wide-ranging implications for protein design, medical applications, and drug development.
Researchers analyze soldiers' isotopes to determine geographical origin, finding 3 Breton soldiers and 28 French soldiers. The study provides unique insights into alliances and recruitment strategies in wars.
Research published in Ibis found that call rates of migratory birds were significantly higher in urban areas compared to villages, indicating a impact of artificial light on bird migration. The study suggests that improved management of urban lighting is necessary to mitigate this effect.
Researchers found selective patterns of antibody reactivity to microbiota flagellins among Crohn's disease patients, with augmented serum IgG antibodies to Lachnospiraceae flagellins. These findings suggest a potential target for prognosis and personalized therapies in Crohn's disease.
Researchers will use whole genome sequencing to identify genetic variants associated with plaques and tangles in the brain, which begin accumulating years before symptoms appear. The goal is to develop early diagnosis methods and potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that graphene oxide can carry polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into zebrafish, exerting sublethal effects and potentially causing malformations and neurotoxicity. Long-term exposure may lead to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, a key enzyme in nervous system function.
Researchers are bridging gaps between scientists from different fields to merge knowledge and create innovated, reliable products. Biophotonic innovations are expected to transform healthcare for the next few decades.
A team of scientists at Stanford University and Cincinnati Children's have found a potentially effective compound, AG1296, to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The compound was identified using human, PAH-specific stem cells as a drug screening platform.
Researchers developed an AI system, TOAD, that accurately predicts the origin of tumors in cancer cases with unknown primary sites. The model, trained on gigapixel pathology images, correctly identified cancer types and listed diagnoses as top predictions 96% of the time.
A new imaging technique, 3D amplified MRI (aMRI), visualizes the brain's movement in real-time and in stunning detail. This method holds diagnostic potential for detecting obstructive brain disorders and aneurysms, which could lead to better treatment strategies.
The study used a slap on the hand as a test subject to examine reflexes and their coordination. The researchers found that humans anticipate pain when reacting to potential harm, which could be applied to robot development for improved safety. Robots can learn from human reflex systems to develop intelligent protective mechanisms.
A consensus definition clarifies the characteristics of postbiotics, a category of non-living microorganisms with potential health benefits. The definition distinguishes postbiotics from probiotics and outlines their composition and application.
A new study found that many lupus patients with Medicaid were unvaccinated and required more acute care for vaccine-preventable illnesses. Black patients had a higher risk of needing such care compared to white patients.
Researchers develop novel nanocomposite with improved detoxification efficiency against various harmful chemicals, including organic compounds and microbes. The composite combines the high photoreactivity of titanium oxide nanotubes with the low cytotoxicity of graphene.
Researchers developed a camera inspired by the mantis shrimp to visualize cancer cells during surgery, combining it with tumor-targeted drugs for enhanced accuracy. The technology aims to prevent cancer recurrence and improve patient recovery.
A study analyzed 121 published studies on virtual and in-person cognitive assessments for diagnosing dementia or mild cognitive impairment. The analysis found good reliability and accuracy of virtual assessments for diagnosing dementia, but identified barriers to implementing cognitive assessments for older adults.
A new infrared imager developed by researchers at the University of California San Diego converts shortwave infrared light into visible images using organic semiconductors. The device is compact, simple, and provides better image resolution than existing systems.
Researchers observed T cells exerting a tiny force of up to 5 pico-newtons when recognizing antigens, allowing them to determine if the interaction is with the desired antigen. This study provides insights into how T cells function at the molecular level and could lead to significant advances in medicine.
Researchers found that varying microclimates in habitats support butterfly populations. Insect larvae benefit from specific temperature and moisture conditions, which can be promoted in gardens with diverse plants and structures.
Researchers from Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology and Weizmann Institute of Science explain how methane carbon isotopes behave differently than expected in the deep sea. They found that sulfate availability governs the isotope effects in anaerobic methane oxidation, leading to 13C-depleted methane.
A recent study published in the American College of Cardiology's annual scientific session found that black patients from disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to die after a heart attack. The study analyzed data from nearly 32,000 patients with health insurance treated for a heart attack between 2006-2016.
Researchers found that baby green sea turtles actively orient to the Sargasso Sea, a key habitat during their early years. The discovery sheds light on the turtles' migration patterns and informs conservation efforts.
Researchers developed a method to visualize small tau protein aggregates forming under normal physiology, distinguishing them from pathological aggregates. The new approach uses high-resolution microscopy and machine learning to identify healthy tau aggregates, offering potential for new treatments for neurological diseases.
A new study finds that only half of adults with cardiovascular disease report getting a flu shot annually, highlighting the need for better vaccination efforts. Patients with certain conditions and those who attend college are more likely to receive a flu vaccine.
A new phone-based app facilitated more efficient hospital intakes for patients with STEMI, leading to faster treatment times and reduced damage. The average time between EMS arrival and PCI was about 11 minutes shorter among cases where the app was used.
Experts argue that PTSD is often conflated with normal responses to stress, leading to increased pressure on services. However, another study suggests that PTSD may be underdiagnosed, with only a small proportion of those seeking help receiving a diagnosis.
Researchers will examine Latin America's role in shaping international order during the nineteenth century, drawing on multinational archival work. The study aims to contribute to debates on historical International Relations and republicanism, shedding light on British-Latin American relations.
A live vaccine consisting of infectious Plasmodium falciparum parasites has been shown to be highly effective in preventing malaria, with only three immunizations required. The vaccine induces a strong immune response that can recognize both the injected parasites and subsequent liver stage antigens.
An international team found a link between subtle differences in adolescent brain shape and psychosis development, with those at high risk showing widespread lower cortical thickness. This discovery could contribute to earlier detection and treatment of psychosis.
Researchers developed a technique to redirect carbon resources from carbohydrates to lipids in microalgae, enabling large-scale lipid production even under light/dark conditions. This method could contribute to the implementation of biofuel production using microalgae.
A collaborative research project published in Nature offers the most complete sea-level rise projections created to date, with Antarctica remaining a wild card. Limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C above pre-industrial temperatures could cut projected 21st century sea-level rise from land ice in half.
A Yale scientist, Douglas Booher, named an ant after R.E.M.'s Michael Stipe's friend Jeremy Ayers, a Warhol 'Superstar'. The ant was discovered in Ecuador and had unique features that set it apart from other species. Booher confirmed the discovery with German entomologist Phillip Hoenle and was joined by Stipe to name the new species.
A recent study found large populations of monarchs breeding in San Francisco and Los Angeles, suggesting an adaptation to the changing climate. The researchers believe that this new breeding pattern may help the population persist in the western US, despite a decline in numbers.
A trawl ban has led to significant increases in the richness of species and abundance of benthic marine organisms. The study found substantial reductions in suspended solids and increases in total organic matter after the ban.
A comprehensive checklist of 9250 Hymenoptera species in northern North America is being published. The list includes nearly 230 species of ants and over 100 species of wasps, providing valuable insights into native pollinators and biological control agents.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University finds that an AI algorithm can mitigate racial disparities among Airbnb hosts, but only if more Black hosts adopt it. The study shows that the algorithm narrows the revenue gap between White and Black hosts, but this effect is limited by the extent to which the tool is adopted.
Nanoscope Technologies is featuring groundbreaking research on optical gene delivery and functional characterization platform technologies for treating retinal diseases. The company's lead product, vMCO-010, delivers light-sensitive Multi-Characteristics Opsin into retinal cells to restore vision in patients with degeneration.
A high school student's study models the spread of macroscopic droplets from a simulated cough with and without mask use. The findings suggest that barriers can play a crucial role in controlling droplet spread, especially when masks cannot be worn.
A study at Karolinska Institutet found that low PDGFRb protein levels are associated with better radiotherapy results in women with early-stage DCIS. Combining PDGFRb blocking drugs may improve treatment efficacy.
A new study finds that consumers penalize brands less when an algorithm causes a brand harm crisis, as perceived agency and responsibility for the error mediate their responses. Marketers should deploy and monitor algorithms with heightened vigilance and provide technological supervision to reduce negative consumer responses.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool have developed a long-acting injectable therapy using an existing and cheap drug, showing promise in treating COVID-19. The formulation uses nanoparticle technology to deliver the drug sustainably over several months.
Astronomers have discovered a mysterious yellow star that exploded without the typical hydrogen layer, revealing new insights into the violent death throes of massive stars. The discovery challenges current understanding of stellar evolution and suggests that these stars may undergo catastrophic eruptions before exploding.
A new species of pelomedusoid turtle, Sahonachelys mailakavava, is described from a nearly complete fossil in Madagascar. The turtle has an unusually flattened skull and enlarged tongue bones adapted for suction feeding, suggesting it fed on small-bodied prey like insect larvae and tadpoles.
A new water plant species, Mesochara dobrogeica, has been discovered in the ancient Tethys Ocean islands. The study reveals a defined biogeographical identity among the charophytes flora of these paleo-islands.
A new study suggests that consuming a Mediterranean diet rich in fish, vegetables, and olive oil can help prevent protein build-up and brain shrinkage associated with Alzheimer's disease. The research found that individuals who followed the Mediterranean diet more closely had lower levels of amyloid and tau biomarkers and improved cogn...
A new, non-destructive archaeogenetic sampling method has been developed to extract genetic material from archaeological human remains without causing significant damage. This allows for the preservation of artefacts and enables further analysis through stable isotope and radiocarbon studies.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have discovered a method to recreate the early structure of the human embryo from stem cells in the laboratory. This approach enables the study of human fertility and reproduction, with potential benefits for infertility research and IVF procedures.
A new ultrasound technique has been developed to detect fetal circulation problems in the placenta, allowing for earlier diagnosis and potential prevention of harm to the fetus. The study found that 16 women out of 40 tested had placentas with fetal circulation problems.
Researchers found that mice can detect rapid fluctuations in odour plumes and use this information to distinguish between sources. This suggests the mammalian olfactory system plays a key role in processing awareness of physical space and surroundings, guiding survival decisions.
Researchers developed a reversible textile that traps warmth in cold temperatures and reflects it in hot weather, generating small amounts of electricity. The textile's ability to harness temperature gradients makes it suitable for various technologies, such as wearable electronics and camouflage.
Researchers discovered that the Sir2 protein facilitates Candida albicans' transition from yeast to hypha, which is essential for infection. The protein's removal resulted in fewer true hyphae being formed, and its function may impact the pathogen's virulence.
A new study has identified 16 quality measures for end-of-life care in children with cancer, covering topics such as avoiding medically intensive care and assessing sibling needs. The measures aim to standardize care and identify disparities in quality of care received by different groups of children.
Researchers have mapped the genetic profile of osteocytes, a type of bone cell that controls skeleton growth and decay. The study identifies novel genes associated with rare and common skeletal diseases, paving the way for new treatments and improved diagnosis.
A recent study found that Black and Latinx surgeons are underrepresented in university leadership positions, with only a few individuals holding full professorships or department chairs. The study suggests that sponsorship, mentorship, allyship, and representation can help promote diversity and address these disparities.
A new bonobo genome assembly has been created with high accuracy, allowing for precise comparisons to other great apes and humans. The study reveals over 5,500 structural variants that distinguish the bonobo and chimpanzee lineages, providing insights into gene evolution and species divergence.
Researchers have introduced a new anionic organoborane compound, borafluorene, which is a system of three carbon rings joined at the edges with a boron atom. The team used carbenes to stabilize the elusive anions and demonstrated their potential as chemical building blocks.
A Yale-led study reveals that early humans were ecosystem engineers, using fire to prevent forest regrowth and create open woodlands. This finding suggests that humans were learning to use fire in novel ways by the Late Pleistocene period.
Researchers at University of Pennsylvania designed supersymmetric microlaser arrays to achieve higher power density and stability, paving the way for more efficient photonic devices. The arrays can collectively emit orders of magnitude higher power than traditional lasers.
A study published in The BMJ found that ICU admission is associated with a small increased risk of future suicide or self-harm after discharge. Younger patients with pre-existing psychiatric illness and those who received invasive life support were at higher risk, according to the research.
Researchers discovered a possible link between oral microbes and rheumatoid arthritis, finding similar bacterial compositions in patients' mouths as those at risk of developing the disease. The study suggests that potentially pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as Prevotella and Veillonella, may play a role in the disease
A study by Flinders University found that online learning positively impacted overall student performance, especially for lower-achieving students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The best results were achieved with high-quality teachers preparing content for rural and city students, regardless of location.
The Kessler Foundation is conducting a two-year study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Cervigard Neck Collar in treating neck pain in active-duty military personnel. The study aims to explore a non-invasive, short-term therapy approach that can be compatible with active-duty lifestyles.
A study found that increased access to birth control in Colorado led to a 1.66 percentage-point increase in high school graduation among young women one year after the initiative was introduced. The research provides evidence for the U.S. Title X program's goal of ensuring low-income and uninsured residents can complete their education.
Scientists successfully adapted echolocation techniques from bats to human echolocation, enabling people to identify rotating targets. The method leverages time-varying echo information to decode target geometry and improve accuracy.
Scientists have developed a suite of advanced tools to study the oxygen evolution reaction, a key step in producing hydrogen fuel from water. They observed catalyst nanoparticles accelerate oxygen generation at unprecedented detail, identifying a single limiting step in the reaction.
A recent analysis examined 164 studies on mental health treatments in pregnant and postpartum women, finding potential benefits of brexanolone and sertraline for depressive symptoms. Mood stabilizers may also reduce bipolar disorder recurrence, but more high-quality research is needed.
Men in Tsimené communities who are kin or exchange food and labor are more likely to provide coalitional support. Higher status men tend to reciprocate and deploy coalitional support strategically to build a diverse following.
Researchers have identified two new species of microscopic loriciferans found in the waters off Roscoff, France. The discovery provides valuable insights into the rich diversity of life in these ecosystems.
A new study published in Science Advances found that increased access to birth control in Colorado led to a 14% decrease in the percentage of young women who left high school before graduating. The program, which expanded access to more forms of contraception, also showed improvements in graduation rates among Hispanic women.
A recent study found that more than 470 bee species inhabit a 16 km2 area of protected Chihuahuan Desert, representing 14% of the known United States bee fauna. This biodiversity hotspot provides valuable insights into native bee diversity and highlights the need for baseline information to assess human impact on bee faunas.
A new 3D bioprinting technique uses multicompartmental bioprinting to direct cell orientation within deposited hydrogel fibers. The method provides favorable environments for cell proliferation and morphological cues to guide cell alignment.
Researchers have identified novel blood markers that can predict when labor is approaching, shedding light on the biological process of labor initiation. The study's findings lay the groundwork for a clinical blood test that could provide more precise estimates of delivery time.
A study found that Black women as young as their 20s and 30s show high rates of lifestyle-linked risk factors, including obesity and elevated blood pressure. The researchers call for preventive care and lifestyle changes among Black women under age 40 to mitigate the burden of heart disease.
Researchers found that different species use distinct genetic mechanisms to adapt to desert environments, offering a silver lining for species facing climate change. The study's findings have implications for developing gene therapies to treat human dehydration-related illnesses like kidney disease.
A survey of over 13,000 adolescents in Europe found that students who are older relative to their peers are more likely to be popular. The study also showed strong associations between relative age and popularity in the Netherlands and England.
Researchers found that decreased neuronal complexity may be a feature of chronic migraine and propose restoring this complexity as a treatment. HDAC6 inhibition restored cytoskeletal flexibility and relieved migraine-associated pain.
A study found that sleeping six to seven hours a night is associated with more favorable heart health, while participants who slept less or more had higher cardiovascular risk scores. Inflammation levels, measured by C-reactive protein, were also higher in those with longer or shorter sleep durations.
A Yale-led study found that new medicines and vaccines approved for use in the US are often not accessible in countries where they were developed, highlighting gaps in access to new medications. The study suggests that governments of host countries should require pharmaceutical companies to commit to submitting marketing approval appli...
A Singapore-based study found that competition between autonomous mobility services and public transit can lead to increased profits, system efficiency, and benefits for the public. However, it may also result in uneven social costs, such as higher travel costs or longer travel times, especially for vulnerable groups.
The guidelines recommend training staff on food allergies, having epinephrine available, and promoting handwashing to reduce the risk of reactions. Research has found little evidence that food bans work in reducing allergy-related bullying and anxiety.
Researchers developed an uncrackable combination of invisible ink and artificial intelligence to encrypt messages securely. Using a carbon nanoparticle-based invisible ink and AI algorithms, they achieved 100% accurate decryption with UV light exposure.
Researchers discovered that a specific gene mutation, EPHB2, causes autism predominantly in females, while males are less affected. The study highlights the importance of considering sex-specific differences in ASD research to develop personalized treatments.
A new tool has been developed to create optimized, healthy diets tailored to individual needs and environmental impact. The tool considers factors such as location, season, sex, dietary supplements, and diet type to provide personalized recommendations.
Researchers have discovered a precise way to control individual ions using holographic optical engineering technology. The new technology promises to aid the development of quantum industry-specific hardware and potentially quantum error correction processes.
Researchers create a novel actuator driven by genetically modified biomolecular motors that can be printed using existing 3D techniques. The artificial muscle mimics natural muscle fibers, allowing for contraction and amplification of force from a molecular scale to millimeter one.
Researchers found bats map the world in units of time, perceiving insects as nine milliseconds away, not meters. This constant sense allows bats to orient themselves without calculating distance based on sound speed.
Researchers have developed a new model, Dynamic Resistive Force Theory (DRFT), to predict the locomotion performance of vehicles and other objects in granular media. The model captures diverse counterintuitive observations in granular locomotion, including behaviors seen in circular and 'grousered' wheel locomotion.
A new digital health solution aims to promote COVID-19 vaccination among patients with compromised health conditions like multiple sclerosis. Motivational Interviewing Conversational Agent MintBot will address vaccine hesitancy and facilitate immediate action.
Researchers develop microneedles for immunotherapy, allowing for high efficiency and minimal invasiveness. The devices can improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and represent an alternative to conventional cancer vaccine designs.
Rein Ulijn, a CUNY professor, receives the Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship to study complex mixtures of molecules and develop new biomimetic materials with diverse applications in biomedicine and green technology. The fellowship supports his research on repurposing nature's molecules to design novel functions.
Researchers found methane-oxidizing bacteria are 2-3 times more active in sheltered depressions off Western Svalbard during summer. The study improves understanding of landscape and seasonal influence on microbial communities and greenhouse gas balance.
A team of researchers led by Lehigh University's Damien Thévenin is studying the connections between a protein called PTPRJ and human health. They aim to develop therapies that could overcome resistance to current treatments and provide new hope for cancer patients.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin developed a magnetic material that demonstrates the fastest magnetic switching ever recorded, six times faster than the previous record. The discovery could lead to new energy-efficient ultra-fast computers and data storage systems, revolutionizing the field of information technology.
Astronomers have developed a new tool to investigate the structure of invisible inter-cluster magnetic fields in galaxies. The technique uses jets of high-energy particles emitted from massive black holes to create detailed maps of these magnetic fields.
Researchers have developed a six-color imaging platform inspired by mantis shrimp eyes to accurately label tumors in mice and visualize lymph nodes near breast cancer tumors. The system detected cancerous tissue in 92% of cases and successfully integrated into the operating room without disrupting surgeons' workflow.
The study analyzed changes in Medicaid enrollment for all 50 states and the District of Columbia during the first nine months of last year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medicaid enrollment increased by 22% compared to the previous year, with a significant increase in new enrollments, totaling 5.4 million.
A study of over 5,000 couples found that individuals with a spouse who has heart disease are more than twice as likely to have heart disease themselves. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use, as well as caregiver stress, were also identified as contributing to this increased risk.
Research suggests that bradykinin, substance P, and neurotensin may contribute to severe COVID-19 complications through mechanisms involving vascular permeability and cytokine storms. The review aims to bring awareness to these often-overlooked peptides, which may play a crucial role in disease management.