Researchers found radiotherapy induces consistent genomic damage through DNA deletions, which can lead to poor outcomes. Targeting error-prone DNA repair mechanisms may enhance radiotherapy efficacy.
A recent study found that nanoplastics and arsenic exposure affects oyster biological functions, with increased bioaccumulation of arsenic in Canadian Crassostrea virginica oysters compared to Guadeloupean Isognomon alatus oysters. Gene deregulation was also observed in C. virginica.
A new longitudinal study found that sleep health is related to observed classroom behavior and predicts future academic achievement among primarily Black children growing up in historically disinvested neighborhoods. Higher teacher-reported child sleepiness was associated with lower adaptive behaviors and higher behavior problems.
A new study highlights the surprising similarities between quark-gluon plasma, the first matter thought to have filled the early Universe, and ordinary liquids. The ratio of viscosity and density is crucial in determining fluid flow, and researchers found that this ratio is the same for both quark-gluon plasma and water.
A survey study explores associations between race/ethnicity, medical mistrust and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The study found that racial/ethnic group-based medical mistrust is a significant factor in vaccine hesitancy.
A team of engineers from Purdue University, Air Squared Inc., and Whirlpool Corporation has developed a refrigerator prototype that can operate effectively in microgravity. The prototype aims to provide astronauts with a supply of food that could last five to six years, overcoming the challenges of traditional refrigeration systems in ...
Researchers track water molecule movement using Helium Spin-Echo technique, revealing repulsion between water molecules on graphene surface is crucial for ice formation. This discovery challenges previous understanding of ice nucleation and provides new insights into controlling ice formation.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed chemical probes to detect an enzyme that breaks down antibiotics, making bacteria resistant to treatment. The probes can also be used to study nutritional immunity and may help find alternative treatments for resistant bacteria.
A new species of bacteria, Candidatus Phytoplasma dypsidis, has been found to cause a fatal disease in palms in Queensland, Australia. The bacterium is thought to be spread by insects and poses a significant threat to Australia's ornamental palm industry.
The Dark Energy Survey has released its most precise look at the universe's evolution, using data from 226 million galaxies observed over nearly one-eighth of the sky. The results confirm the current best model of the Universe, but hint that the Universe today is a few percent less clumpy than predicted.
A new paper provides ten guiding principles for structured lab group meetings that are more inclusive and productive, leading to better science. The guidelines aim to create diverse and inclusive lab environments, increasing individual and collective productivity.
A study found that fish-eating seabirds are struggling to raise young due to ocean warming, with long-term declines in breeding success reported. The research highlights the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems and the need for conservation efforts.
Despite increased public use of parks and reserves, 26% of people reduced their visits during lockdowns, highlighting the need for inclusive urban planning policies. The study found that lockdown periods motivated new users to explore green spaces, which foster good mental health and serve as a nature-based coping mechanism.
Scientists have created mega-crystals with unique properties by mixing different shapes of nanocrystals. These 'Lego materials' form long-range ordered dense lattices called superlattices, which exhibit superfluorescence and can be used for technical applications.
Insect larvae partner with bacteria to shut down plant defense mechanisms, allowing them to consume crops. Researchers discovered the role of Staphylococcus epidermidis in this process and its implications for crop protection.
A new mathematical model predicts Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production in chilled food products, reducing the need for costly laboratory experiments. The model's comprehensive approach considers multiple factors, including storage temperature, pH, salt, and preservatives, to ensure food safety.
A new Finnish study reveals pertussis is more prevalent among middle-aged adults in European countries than previously assumed, leading to concerns about underdiagnosed cases. The study also highlights the low levels of antibodies against diphtheria, indicating decreasing herd immunity.
Researchers have mapped the genetic changes of malaria parasites in unprecedented detail, revealing new targets to block key stages in the parasite's development. This could lead to new ways to prevent transmission through future drugs or vaccines.
A recent study published in Nutrients found that socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents' diets worsened significantly during the COVID-19 lockdown. The study, which involved 303 Catalan young people aged 12-18, revealed a 21% greater risk of worsening diet among those from less advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds.
The US Department of Energy has awarded $500k in funding to PNNL researchers Marcel Baer, Nathan Tallent, and Ben Loer. Baer will explore protein structures for new materials, while Tallent aims to accelerate data flow between computers and scientific instruments. Loer will focus on reducing radiation impact on quantum computing.
A new study has identified 178 gene variants linked to major depression, providing insights into the disorder's genetic complexity and potential treatments. The findings may help identify individuals most at risk of depression and inform personalized treatment approaches.
Researchers discovered that acute myeloid leukemia cancer cells depend on the Fanconi anemia pathway, which can be inhibited to kill cancer cells. This finding could lead to more effective and safer cancer treatments.
Researchers developed a DNA vaccine encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which induced long-lasting antibodies in mice and hamsters. The vaccine showed protective efficacy against COVID-19 infection in hamsters, with no loss of body weight or viral RNA in their lungs.
Researchers found that engineered defects in oxide crystals can increase electrical performance by five-fold and 19-fold in dielectric and piezoelectric properties, respectively. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more efficient capacitors with improved environmental and health benefits.
Researchers have developed a new fluorescence microscopy technique that allows for high-resolution images of microcirculation in the brain without invasive surgical methods. This breakthrough has the potential to reveal new insights into neurological disorders and facilitate early detection and treatment.
A new fungus strain, developed by Washington State University researchers, has shown promise in controlling varroa mites that harm honey bees. The fungus, Metarhizium, can survive in warm environments common in honey bee hives and kill mites without harming the bees.
An exoskeleton device removes kinetic energy during the knee swing phase of walking, reducing metabolic cost by 3.3% and generating up to .25 watts per gait cycle. This approach converts wasted energy into useable electricity, providing a net metabolic benefit.
Researchers from Synapsy have identified lactate's key features, including NADH and neurogenesis, which contribute to its antidepressant effect. Lactate restores adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a region crucial for memory and depression.
A new study found that nearly one in seven Ohio women of reproductive age has visited a crisis pregnancy center, which are often funded by state dollars but not regulated by the medical board. This can lead to concerns about access to proper medical care and potential misinformation about reproductive health.
Placental bulge sign on prenatal ultrasound or MRI significantly aids diagnosis of severe placenta accreta spectrum disorder, warranting hysterectomy over conservative management. The sign's accuracy and sensitivity are notable, making it a valuable tool for maternal counseling.
A small Japanese fishing community recovered from the 2011 Tohoku tsunami through cooperative activity, including joint operations and fixed-net fishing. This phenomenon challenges the 'disaster utopia' concept, which suggests temporary collaborative behavior after emergencies.
A new $2.3 million grant will support a five-year research project at UC Riverside, led by Viji Santhakumar, exploring the relationship between inflammation and abnormal neuron connections after brain injury. The study aims to identify potential early therapies to prevent epilepsy and memory issues following traumatic brain injury.
A new study finds that local management of coral reefs can increase their chances of recovery after devastating bleaching events. Caring for reefs on a local scale may help them persist globally by minimizing environmental stressors such as overfishing and pollution.
Researchers have updated one of the world's largest databases on neuronal types, Hippocampome.org, with a comprehensive mapping between neural activity and identified neuron types. This may enable biologically meaningful computer modeling of the full neuronal circuit of the hippocampus.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery at the center of our galaxy, revealing an X-ray thread and hinting at a previously unknown interstellar energy source. The findings provide the clearest picture yet of a pair of X-ray-emitting plumes emerging from the region near the massive black hole.
A longitudinal study found that parents modify their home literacy environment according to their children's progress in learning to read. Access to literacy resources was a consistent predictor of emergent literacy over time. Parents also adjusted their reading comprehension activities with their children as they encountered reading d...
Researchers at AMOLF discovered that introducing slow non-linearity can increase the efficiency of mechanical oscillators harvesting energy from noise. This phenomenon, known as stochastic resonance, becomes robust to variations in signal frequency when systems have memory.
A new study published by the American Heart Association found that adults with OCD were more than three times as likely to experience an ischemic stroke, with the greatest risk among older adults. Researchers also discovered that medications used to treat OCD did not increase the risk of stroke.
Scientists have identified a promising vaccine target for animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT), a disease causing significant economic impact on livestock in Africa and South America. The vaccine candidate showed long-lasting protection against infection in mice, offering a potential solution to the devastating effects of AAT.
Scientists have identified a set of microbial genes that play a crucial role in converting bile acids into beneficial forms. This discovery could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance gut health and prevent diseases associated with unbalanced bile acid levels.
Climate change and human activities are causing reproductive success to decline in fish-eating seabirds in the Northern Hemisphere. Seabird diets played a major role in their ability to rear chicks, with deep-diving birds like puffins faring best in terms of reproductive success.
A Duke University study found that while lead levels have generally decreased since the 1970s, they remain above safety guidelines near residential foundations and in areas with high traffic density. Regular soil testing is essential to mitigate these risks and encourage cities to act on this issue.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University discuss solutions for snowy driving scenarios using sensor fusion, which combines data from various sensors like lidar, radar, and cameras. This approach enables autonomous vehicles to better detect obstacles and understand their environment.
Scientists have developed a new framework for describing gene content and order across Brassica species, which will aid in evolution studies. This framework enables the acceleration of beneficial gene exchange between species, ultimately leading to more climate-resilient crops.
IIASA researchers have proposed a novel systematic scenario framework to help policymakers assess and compare climate policies across countries. The framework allows for exploration of multiple systematic scenarios associated with emissions reductions in 2050, providing a flexible approach to assessing national long-term pathways.
Researchers have recorded development anomalies in the Menetries' tiger moth for the first time, providing new information on this rare Palaearctic species. The study found that up to 75% of larvae died before pupation, and some metamorphosis anomalies resulted in adults with wing inflation issues.
A ban on new fossil-fuel car sales could lead to a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, but the effect will depend on factors like battery manufacturing. By 2045, electric cars can reduce life-cycle emissions by 3-5 million tonnes of CO2.
MIT researchers have discovered how metal clusters weaken the strong nitrogen-nitrogen bond, enabling microbes to convert nitrogen into usable forms. The study sheds light on the mechanism of nitrogenases, critical enzymes that fix nitrogen in the atmosphere.
A comprehensive review suggests that gut microbiota play a crucial role in immune responses to vaccinations. The study aims to improve vaccine effectiveness by understanding the microbiota's impact on B and T cell immune responses.
A new study by the Family Heart Foundation found that COVID-19 increases heart attack rates in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The study analyzed data from 55 million individuals and confirmed that COVID-19 worsens cardiovascular outcomes.
A recent study published in Science found that local conditions play a significant role in coral reef survival after climate-driven heatwaves. Managing global climate change and local factors such as nutrient pollution and overfishing can help reefs withstand the effects of climate change, according to researchers.
Researchers are using machine learning to identify mouse pups' cries that may predict social abnormalities in autism. The study aims to develop a diagnostic algorithm for ASD, enabling early intervention and potentially improving outcomes.
A new experiment demonstrates the stability of quantum interactions between coupled atoms under electron bombardment. The findings suggest that special quantum states may be realized in quantum computers more easily than previously thought.
Researchers found that Northern Hemisphere seabirds suffer greater breeding productivity stresses than their Southern Hemisphere counterparts. This suggests the need for hemispheric-scale ocean management and long-term monitoring programs.
A study of over 70,000 European children found that prenatal exposure to paracetamol was associated with a 19% increased risk of developing autism spectrum symptoms and a 21% increased risk of developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. The researchers also found no association between postnatal paracetamol exposure and the de...
Researchers at Delft University of Technology intercept a chat between two atoms, demonstrating perfect superposition and entangled quantum states. This breakthrough has significant implications for research on quantum bits and may lead to new experimental possibilities.
The article reviews electronic-structure methods for materials design, discussing their capabilities, limitations, and potential applications. The authors highlight the importance of combining simulations with experiments and emphasize the need for advanced computational infrastructure to support these efforts.
Researchers found that some foraminifera species can survive and even thrive in hypoxic and anoxic sediments, suggesting a new direction for studying past environmental conditions. The study also revealed diverse metabolic strategies used by these organisms to adapt to low oxygen conditions.
A new study by Duke University researchers found that preschoolers around age three start going along with the crowd more than following authority. Children tend to stick to their initial choices but may switch if presented as a group norm, suggesting they're developing moral reasoning capacity and sense of shared identity.
A large-scale genetic analysis of depression identified 178 loci and 223 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with increased depression risk. The study, involving over 1.2 million participants, provides new insights into the biological basis of depression and potential drug repurposing.