The researchers reported a reference sequence for the supernumerary B chromosome in maize, with key properties such as its origin and molecular mechanism remaining unclear. The study found that the current gene content is a result of continuous transfer from the A chromosomal complement over an extended evolutionary period.
The study used ground and satellite measurements to show that the forest fire aerosol disturbed the free troposphere over Leipzig, Germany, and attenuated sunlight by a third. The Aeolus satellite provided valuable data on aerosols in the atmosphere.
Researchers develop porous membrane that sequesters up to 99% of phosphate ions from water, making it reusable and efficient. The technology has promise in scaling up to tackle massive environmental problems like eutrophication.
A study links climate features to the variability of global tropical storm days from 1965 to 2019. The research reveals that tropical storm days vary in patterns lasting 3-6 years or 10 years, tied to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).
A weight management program has been shown to lower blood pressure and reduce the need for anti-hypertensive medications in people with type 2 diabetes. The program, developed by researchers at Universities of Glasgow and Newcastle, induces substantial weight loss and leads to remission of type 2 diabetes in 8 out of 10 participants.
A study of two surveys involving 8,285 US participants found that people who were overconfident in their news judgments on legitimate versus false news were more likely to visit untrustworthy websites and share false content. This overconfidence may contribute to the spread of false information via social media.
Researchers employed iTRAQ based quantitative proteomics to characterize protein alterations in fibroepithelial lesions (FELs) of the breast. The study identified three candidate biomarkers: MUCL1, HTRA1, and VEGFD, which were uniquely expressed in FAD, borderline, and malignant PTs, respectively.
Researchers from CeMM Research Center have developed a new method called scifi-RNA-seq that enables efficient RNA sequencing for millions of individual cells. This method marks the RNA of many cells with specific barcodes, allowing for analysis of complex tissues and organs.
This article provides an overview of sulfur-containing natural products from marine microorganisms, highlighting their molecular diversity and bioactivities. A total of 484 compounds were recorded, with 59.9% being thioethers, 29.8% being thiazole/thiazoline-containing compounds, and 10.3% being sulfoxides, sulfones, and thioesters.
Researchers analyzed Raman spectral analysis data from nine geological formations to estimate oxygen levels during the Proterozoic Eon, finding minimum oxygen levels were 2-20% of present levels. This suggests that oxygen did not hinder eukaryote and early animal evolution during this time period.
African researchers identify ancient El Niño-like weather patterns as major climate drivers, challenging existing views on human evolution. The 'climate seesaw' shifted rainfall between eastern and western Africa over 100,000 years, influencing vegetation, mammal fauna, and human dispersal.
Scientists used accelerometers and audio recorders to study the behavior of Canada lynx, capturing detailed sounds of hunts, escapes, and social interactions. The findings provide valuable insight into the hunting habits and social dynamics of this elusive species.
A study has identified a gene that plays a crucial role in brain development, with mutations affecting inheritance patterns. The Plexin-A1 gene is found to have dominant and recessive forms, which can cause significant damage to the brain and eyes.
Researchers at the University of Washington found that medical AI models rely on shortcuts, which can lead to diagnostic errors and misdiagnosis of COVID-19. These shortcuts ignore clinically significant indicators and rely on irrelevant factors, causing the model to make unexpected associations.
A recent study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people with overweight or obesity are at a greater risk of developing liver diseases compared to those within a healthy weight range. The study analyzed data from nearly half a million participants and found that even moderate alcohol consumption can lead...
Researchers analyzed US adult survey data from 2008-2016 to understand mass shooting emotional impact. They found a short-lived emotional response in days following a mass shooting, restricted to local residents.
A study analyzing climate simulations reveals that small differences in aerosol forcing can significantly affect simulated temperatures and Arctic sea ice area. The results show that natural and anthropogenic forcing uncertainties can markedly impact simulations of Earth's past and future climate.
A study by Tokyo University of Science researchers analyzed the relationship between economic growth and environmental preservation. The model indicates that achieving a 'zero-emission society' is compatible with economic growth, but only if GDP is above a certain level and pollution reduction allocation is flexible.
New research suggests that high CO2 levels in the atmosphere may have warmed the young Earth's climate, accounting for apparent anomalies such as hot seawater temperatures above 70°C. The study proposes a plausible explanation for these phenomena, indicating temperatures closer to 40°C when considering ocean composition changes.
The Yakushima sika deer population has been declining since 2014, with an estimated annual decrease of 15%. The decline is attributed to natural factors, with only 3.5% of the population migrating outside the Hanyama district. Natural regulation may hold the key to managing sika deer populations in Japan.
A new study shows that tai chi mirrors the beneficial effects of conventional exercise by reducing waist circumference in middle-aged and older adults with central obesity. The 12-week intervention found significant reductions in waist circumference, body weight, and improved lipid profiles among those who practiced tai chi.
A new study published in Proceedings of National Academics of Sciences found that individuals who believe they can identify false news are more likely to fall victim to it. The researchers used two large surveys with 8,285 respondents and found that 90% reported being above average in their ability to discern false news headlines.
Researchers at UCalgary have found that even low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during pregnancy can impact brain development in mice, affecting circadian rhythms and behavior. The study adds to growing evidence on the harms of BPA and highlights the need for stricter safety guidelines.
Researchers found that HVC neurons increase activity during solo syllable production and decrease when the partner sings, suggesting inhibition of motor circuits. This neural mechanism enables rapid turn-taking in duet singing, where males and females rapidly take turns singing at a rate of 2 to 5 Hz.
Researchers have developed CareGum, a green and recyclable sensor material that can monitor motor impairment associated with neurological disorders. The material offers stretchability, self-healing capacities, and electrical conductivity, allowing for personalized bioelectronics and real-time monitoring of movements.
Research found that adolescents with higher levels of DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid, were less likely to develop psychotic disorder in early adulthood. Those with lower levels of DHA had a higher risk of developing the condition, even after accounting for other factors.
Researchers studied the brain activity of singing male and female plain-tailed wrens, discovering that they synchronize their duets by inhibiting the song-making regions of their partner's brain. This inhibition allows for a seemingly telepathic performance, with the birds becoming a single entity through sensory linkages.
Carbon dioxide played a crucial role in warming early Earth's climate, offsetting the reduced light from the young Sun. The δ18O ratio of ancient seawater suggests a warm but not hot environment, with high CO2 concentrations, around 3 billion years ago.
The study reveals that 1B3, a novel synthetic miR-193a-3p mimic, consistently suppresses several pro-tumorigenic phenotypes in vitro, including reduced cell proliferation, viability, and induced apoptosis. The pleiotropic mechanism of 1B3 action supports its development as a novel therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
Researchers from Trinity College Dublin developed tools for designing vitamin D clinical trials that capture seasonal and population-wide differences. The study found many trials were underpowered, failing to detect a benefit of vitamin D supplementation due to individual differences and seasonal fluctuations.
Researchers identified a key mechanism in which tumor microenvironment induces an anti-inflammatory phenotype, promoting tumor growth. The vitamin D signaling pathway plays a crucial role in this process.
Research found that activating plasmacytoid dendritic cells with interferon-beta increases CD40 expression and induces CD38 upregulation on AML cells, leading to antibody-mediated killing. This mechanism may provide a novel therapeutic approach for acute myeloid leukemia.
A $1M NSERC grant will investigate the effects of nanoplastics on nervous, immune, and reproductive systems. The research aims to understand long-term consequences of exposure to these tiny plastic fragments.
A global collaboration has identified 24 new loci linked to glycemic traits, improving our understanding of type 2 diabetes and its impact on different ancestries. This study highlights the importance of including diverse populations in genetic research, yielding better results and enabling more precise diagnosis and treatment.
A team of researchers from the University of Freiburg has developed a non-aqueous All-Manganese Flow battery with a long cycle life, achieving an energy density roughly twice that of previous batteries. The new design uses sustainable manganese as its active material and has shown promising results for stationary energy storage.
The LUCA device, a low-cost near-infrared optical device combined with ultrasound, has shown potential in identifying benign or malignant thyroid nodules. Clinical tests demonstrated a 100% sensitivity and 77% specificity in classifying nodules as clear cases or those requiring further diagnosis.
The Ecole de technologie superieure hosts two new research chairs on artificial intelligence applied to health. The chairs aim to train qualified personnel who can work in a field combining AI and healthcare. Researchers plan to develop algorithms that improve real-time assessment of patient status and reduce ICU readmission rates.
A study published in Oncotarget found a distinct global DNA hypermethylation pattern and gene expression signature in liver cancer among patients with Indigenous American ancestry. This molecular subtype of HCC preferentially affects people with Indigenous ancestry, highlighting the importance of considering anthropological background ...
Scientists from Kanazawa University use HS-AFM to study DNA-histone interactions, revealing spatiotemporal dynamics and real-time observations of wrapping, sliding, sandwiching, and wrapping motions. The study provides valuable insights into the compactification of DNA and its potential applications in understanding human diseases.
A metamaterial absorber enhances infrared spectroscopic detection signals 100-fold, allowing for more distinct results with small traces of substances. The proposed technique offers low-cost manufacturing and vast applications in detecting biomolecules, harmful substances, and gases.
Researchers from ICIQ's Lloret-Fillol group have isolated and fully characterised an elusive intermediate in the Water Oxidation Reaction (WOR), a key reaction for producing atmospheric oxygen. The breakthrough provides direct evidence of the oxygen-oxygen bond formation mechanism, opening doors for efficient catalyst design.
Researchers develop an iron-based catalyst that rapidly removes sulfadiazine antibiotic residues from water by activating H2O2 to generate free radicals. The catalyst shows high efficiency and stability, making it a potential solution for tackling micro-pollutants in water.
Researchers found a higher De Ritis ratio to be an independent risk factor for cancer progression in high-risk NMIBC patients. Non-BCG treatment was also identified as a risk factor for recurrence.
A new study suggests that an emotional regulation technique called cognitive reappraisal can help disrupt compulsive cocaine addiction. The technique, which involves reinterpreting the meaning of drug-related cues, was found to reduce attention-bias in individuals with cocaine use disorder.
Researchers found higher levels of stress among parents during the workday and weekdays compared to evenings and weekends. The study also revealed that having one adult in the home was related to higher stress levels.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a new strategy to produce nanogap oxygen gas sensors with fast response times and low operating temperatures. The study presents a promising approach to create scalable gas-sensing platforms for various applications.
Alzheimer's disease disorganises blood vessels around amyloid plaques, causing loss of vessels and worsening pathology. This mechanism aggravates the disease by reducing the brain's ability to clean toxic substances, leading to increased strain on oxygen and nutrient supply.
The journal features a special issue on the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project (ArCS), which covered topics such as climate change, atmospheric science, and oceanography. The project aimed to understand the impacts of global warming on the Arctic environment and human society.
A study by CNIC scientists found that glycosylated hemoglobin can identify individuals with advanced atherosclerotic disease and increased cardiovascular risk. The test can be used to calculate the degree of subclinical atherosclerosis in the general population, enabling personalized treatment plans.
A new study found that human-induced global warming is responsible for 37% of all heat-related deaths globally, with Central and South America and South-East Asia most affected. Cities like Santiago de Chile, Athens, and Tokyo saw significant increases in mortality due to climate change.
A new study reveals that young men are more likely to engage in direct political actions, while women prefer civic activities like volunteering. The researchers attribute this gap to societal roles and expectations instilled from an early age.
High-level government officials and influential commentators in the US trivialized pandemic casualties by adopting a tone that suggested premature death was normal. This misleading rhetoric ignored the collective costs of unchecked disease transmission and offered false reassurance about the risk of infection.
Researchers from Heriot-Watt University developed AI algorithms to optimize community energy assets, using multi-agent systems and cooperative game theory. The models provide fair ways to share joint gains among community members, considering individual contributions and needs.
A study by Manuel Santos Gutiérrez and colleagues reveals that machine learning-based simplified climate models can build an actual understanding of the climate system. The findings indicate that data-driven methods are dynamically and physically sound, producing robust simulations. This breakthrough has significant implications for va...
Researchers discovered that hydraulic instability amplifies small volume differences between germ cells, leading to their selection for growth or shrinkage. The study reveals a mechanical mechanism governing the life and death decision in the nematode germline.
Researchers analyzed a sediment core from Lake Tislit, Morocco, and found that the Sahara expanded with greenery during the African Humid Period. The expansion was caused by increased winter precipitation rather than a northward expansion of the monsoon.
Researchers analyzed pollen and leaf waxes to reconstruct vegetation cover and rainfall in the past. Mediterranean plants tolerate arid conditions with winter rain, suggesting a southward shift of westerlies during the African Humid Period. This climate scenario produced a Green Sahara with two seasonal rains.
Researchers have found suitable sewing thread brands and stitch densities for Ghanaian public basic school uniforms, resulting in improved seam strength, efficiency, and elongation. The recommended thread brand B? with a stitch density of 14 stitches per inch (SPI) is expected to produce high-quality seams.
Researchers found that piperlongumine inhibits cell growth, impacts cell cycle, and triggers caspase-3 independent cell death in retinoblastoma cell lines. PL's toxicity was inhibited by a ROS scavenger treatment, suggesting its potential as an anticancer molecule for retinoblastoma treatment.
A novel ghrelin receptor inverse agonist was developed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of functional expression in health and disease, particularly in cancer. The compound demonstrated specific binding to the Ghrelin receptor and imaging of tumors and normal tissues expressing the receptor.