A study published in Frontiers in Energy Research found that sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) could reduce commercial aviation's CO2 emissions by between 4% and 23% by 2050. The researchers used a model-based approach to analyze data and considered five future SAF scenarios and two passenger-demand projections.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered a new biomarker that can identify glioblastoma patients who are likely to respond to immunotherapy. The treatment has shown promise in prolonging the lives of patients with this malignant brain tumor, which currently has a poor prognosis.
Researchers used synchrotron X-ray scattering and quantum computer modeling to investigate temperature's impact on amorphous magnesium carbonate. The findings suggest that modifying the precursor material's physical properties can help create more efficient carbon capture technologies.
Researchers from Trinity College Dublin investigate the epidemiology and population biology of Enteroccocus faecium, a high-priority pathogen. They found that Irish isolates have evolved independently and are diverse, with a unique genetic transposon element encoding vancomycin resistance.
Researchers discover changes in muscle torque recovery can predict maximum voluntary strength gains but not delayed-onset muscle soreness. The study's findings offer a promising approach to assessing muscle damage symptoms after exercise.
Researchers create a wireless ecosystem with implantable devices and IoT infrastructure to control animal brain circuits remotely, speeding up neuroscience studies and uncovering basic brain functions.
Researchers developed a novel PSOCT method, polarization state tracing (PST), to image depth-resolved collagen organization within living tissues without damaging the sample. This allows for accurate clinical diagnosis and image-guided surgery, targeting precision medicine.
Researchers found that tumor cells contribute differently to metastases and therapy resistance depending on their EMT status. Partial EMT breast cancer cells act as pioneer cells leading collective cell migration and promote lung metastases, while full EMT cells rarely appear in metastases.
Researchers at the University of Vermont have created the first living robots capable of reproducing, using AI-designed Xenobots. This groundbreaking achievement has significant implications for regenerative medicine, as it demonstrates a new form of biological self-replication.
The National Institute for Materials Science in Japan has developed an ionic artificial vision device capable of increasing edge contrast between dark and light areas like human vision. This device uses ionic migration and interaction within solids to mimic human optical illusions without software.
The study found that people with sleep disorders had the highest rates of type 2 diabetes, with 40% of subjects having the disease. Prevalence of T2D was lower among individuals with intellectual disability, with only 8% having the disease.
A team of physicists discovered that quantum systems can exhibit superposition of forward and backward time flows, leading to complex laws governing time flow. In certain cases with small entropy, observing the consequences of a system's evolution along both temporal directions becomes physically possible.
Researchers at Kazan Federal University study hydroxyapatite's properties as a catalyst, finding that iron incorporation is energetically comparable and preferentially localized. The study uses density functional theory calculations to analyze the introduction of iron ions in the HAp lattice.
Researchers have created a wide-range luminescent thermometer using Pr3+ and YAl3(BO3)4:Pr3+,Gd3+, which offers high precision and low uncertainty in temperature measurement. This thermometer can measure temperatures between 30 K and 800 K with constant relative measurement uncertainty.
A research team from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics discovered the critical surface/interface behaviors governing ESDs' operation and failure. They visualized atmosphere-dependent relaxation and failure processes using in situ Raman, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Researchers discovered Roquin's role in controlling immune cell activation and autoimmunity. Mutations can improve anti-tumor responses.
Researchers used X-ray technology to study human chromosomes in their native state, discovering a fractal structure and a packing mechanism that condenses DNA into one-millionth its size. The findings could have significant implications for understanding genetics and uncovering the structures of other materials, such as viruses.
A Kaiser Permanente study found the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine to be 87% effective in preventing COVID-19 infection and 96% effective in preventing hospitalization. The vaccine's effectiveness persisted even among those with underlying conditions, providing reassurance about its durability.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba discovered a male-biased protein expression in primordial germ cells of fruit flies. The study used the Gal4-UAS system to induce gene expression and found that male cells had more protein synthesis occurring, with stronger GFP expression.
The £17M Innovation Centre for Applied Sustainable Technologies (iCAST) aims to translate sustainable chemical technology research into commercial products. The centre will deliver 10 joint industry projects a year, tackling critical challenges in clean growth and addressing the UK's climate emergency.
The Kidney Cancer Program (KCP) at UT Southwestern has launched a national resource to advance precision medicine for kidney cancer, featuring the largest and most diverse catalog of kidney cancer tumor models. The platform includes models for over a dozen types of kidney cancer, allowing for more precise and personalized treatment.
Researchers at Stanford University have proposed a new design for photonic quantum computers that can operate at room temperature and require fewer components. The proposed design uses a laser to manipulate an atom, which then modifies the state of photons via quantum teleportation, enabling the creation of complex calculations.
Researchers found that people with brain buildup but no dementia had normal tau protein, while those who developed plaques or tangles also had a different-handed form of tau. This suggests that a slowdown in autophagy, the process of clearing spent proteins, may be underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease.
A nationwide study found decreased cervical cancer incidence and death rates among women and girls aged 15-24 after HPV vaccine introduction. The decline was more pronounced in the younger age group compared to those aged 25-29 and 30-39, suggesting a potential association with vaccination.
Researchers discovered that ANK2 variants can affect giant ankyrin-B exclusively or both isoforms simultaneously, altering axon collateral branch formation and targeting. The findings confirm divergent roles of ankyrin-B isoforms and support critical roles in brain development and organization.
A new study has found that serpentinite plays a crucial role in recycling oxygen in the Earth's tectonic plates. The research, led by Cornell University scientists, reveals that the oxidation state of the mantle is controlled by the subduction system's thermodynamic conditions and geometry.
A new study shows that a specific protein, tomosyn, plays a crucial role in determining the communication style of neurons. The study found that tomosyn enables tonic neurons to release glutamate in measured doses, allowing them to exhibit plasticity and adapt to changes in their circuit partners.
Researchers from OIST and Kyushu University have developed a method to generate a glow-in-the-dark light using organic materials. The new method produces emissions that last for over one hour at room temperature, improving performance by tenfold compared to previous work.
Researchers at Tohoku University and the University of Gothenburg have developed a new spintronic technology that integrates a memristor-controlled oscillator array, allowing for efficient brain-inspired computing. This breakthrough enables sophisticated cognitive tasks like image recognition with reduced energy consumption.
Researchers at Linköping University and Soochow University have developed a method to produce energy-efficient organic solar cells using green solvents, achieving a record efficiency of over 17%. The breakthrough enables the manufacture of larger areas of solar cells with high efficiency, paving the way for commercial-scale outdoor use.
The study evaluated outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy compared to open esophagectomy in 6000 ESCC patients over 10 years. MIE was found to be an effective treatment option even for large tumors, expanding its indicated population.
The updated guidelines lower the age eligibility from 55 to 50 years and reduce pack-years of smoking from 30 to 20. This shift increases the proportion of Black women eligible for screening, from 22.7 percent under previous guidelines to 33.9 percent, with some former smokers now also eligible.
A new study published in ACS Environmental Au highlights the complexities of cleaning up burnt and unburnt nurdles spilled along Sri Lanka's coastline. The research proposes recommendations for the ongoing clean-up, including educating citizen scientists and revising response efforts to account for variability in spilled nurdles.
A new smart wound dressing has been developed that can bind wounds together, ward off infection, and monitor the wound's condition directly to doctors' computers. The dressing is made of a biocompatible polymer that heals itself in under three seconds.
A study by the Technical University of Munich discovered that pungent substances from chili, ginger, and pepper are transferred to breast milk after consumption. These substances can be detectable in breast milk for several hours, with maximum concentrations being 70- to 350-fold below the taste perception threshold of an adult.
Researchers develop a 3D, self-supported electrode using hierarchical and honeycomb alloy that reduces overpotential in water splitting process. The alloy's fully-exposed active sites promote rapid electrochemical reactions, leading to efficient hydrogen production.
Researchers have discovered that specific regions of HAT family proteins determine which amino acids they bind to, leading to unique functions in cell growth and diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. This knowledge will enable efforts to develop compounds targeting these proteins for therapy.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have successfully combined a memory function with a calculation function in the same component, enabling more efficient technologies like mobile phones and self-driving cars. The discovery opens the way for brain-like computers that can perform tasks effectively and energy efficiently.
A new filtration system using acoustic waves successfully separates microplastics from polluted water, with a cleaning rate of 150 liters per hour. The device's efficiency varies with acoustic frequency and density of the water, but shows promise for improving marine life safety.
Researchers will develop game theoretic models to optimize financial incentives for water conservation, exploring socio-spatial dynamics of water sustainability. The project aims to understand how water users' propensities for cooperative behavior vary over time across river networks.
Researchers found that tropical cyclone inland impacts have increased by 30km-190km over the past four decades. By the end of the 21st century, Asian inland regions may experience almost doubling in destructive power due to climate change.
A University at Buffalo researcher suggests humpback whale song is about finding, not attracting, whales. The study found that the variation in whale songs is similar to mechanisms used by land animals for echolocation.
Researchers developed transformational machine learning (TML) to learn from multiple problems and improve performance while learning. TML out-performs current machine learning methods for drug design, accelerating the identification and production of new drugs.
The SAFER Families/Friends project aims to equip families and friends of 100 first responders with the skills they need to recognize stress signs and provide basic intervention. The project, led by RCSI, will explore how family members can best support their first responder's mental health while prioritizing self-care.
Researchers identified behavioral adaptations in Antarctic fish, including fanning and breathing at the surface, to cope with increasing temperatures. These responses may help them survive global warming, but little is known about their impact on predation habits and food availability.
Researchers at Princeton University have discovered a new compound that can disable the MTDH gene, which is essential for cancer progression and metastasis. The compound shows promise in treating major human cancers, including breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancers.
Researchers at Shinshu University developed a novel detection principle for stimulants, including methamphetamine, using electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission. The method allows for accurate and selective screening of stimulants with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Researchers have discovered four distinct patterns of brain network disruption that reflect the underlying disease process in motor neuron disease (MND). These patterns are predictive of how the disease progresses and can be identified using electroencephalography (EEG), which may lead to more effective treatments.
A new study uses a microspectroscopic technique to measure micro- and nano-sized plastics in steam-disinfected silicone-rubber baby bottle nipples. The research found that these fine particles can be released into the environment and ingested by babies, posing health risks.
Research found that bats can adapt to diverse climates by finding similar roosting conditions, but those with high water loss are more heavily impacted by white-nose syndrome. This study highlights the importance of understanding bat hibernation patterns for conservation efforts.
Researchers have discovered that certain strains of Aspergillus can be used to degrade aflatoxins in crops, reducing the risk of food contamination. This biological control method utilizing biocontrol products is currently the most effective way to produce safe and healthy foods and feeds.
Researchers at Curtin University found the Sun to be a surprising source of the Earth's water, with solar wind creating water on dust grains carried by asteroids. The study suggests this unaccounted for source provided the remainder of the Earth's water, helping scientists unravel the mystery.
Researchers analyzed data from 2016 to 2020 and found no significant difference in new cancer diagnoses among Canadian children during the pandemic. The study suggests that cancer diagnosis rates were not delayed, unlike previous reports suggesting a decline.
Researchers developed an in-situ imaging method to visualize electron transfer on metal nanoplates, revealing site-dependent heterogeneity. The study decoupled mass transfer effects and extracted rate constants, providing insights into electrocatalytic reactions.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that smoking during pregnancy can increase the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) baby in subsequent pregnancies. The research analyzed data from nearly 17,000 mothers who received antenatal care for their first two pregnancies and found that women who smoked at the start of eith...
Recent study uses advanced spectroscopy techniques to observe water molecules in superconcentrated salt solutions and identifies heterogeneity in solvation structure. This finding explains the unexpected fast lithium-ion transport in highly viscous electrolytes.
Researchers developed a tool to monitor and predict water losses in waterfalls based on their soundscapes, allowing environmental managers to balance water diversion and preservation. The study highlights the importance of maintaining a minimum threshold of water flow for waterfall appearance and sound.
The new system can produce high-quality images comparable to those of conventional cameras, with a compact design suitable for minimally invasive endoscopy and full-scene sensing. This breakthrough could revolutionize medical imaging and robotics with size and weight constraints.
Researchers have discovered that protein structural dynamics emerged through terminal additions during long-term evolution. This process allowed for diversification of substrate specificity and ligand binding mechanisms, ultimately leading to the emergence of various biological functions.
A groundbreaking analysis of the fossilized remains of Effigia, a 205-million-year-old herbivore, has cast doubt on the prevailing notion that it fed by pecking at plant material. Instead, researchers suggest that its unique beak and jaw structure would have allowed it to nibble at soft, vulnerable tissues like young shoots or ferns.