Researchers in mice found that chemotherapy enhances cancer's spread by making blood vessel walls more receptive, allowing cancer cells to latch on. The study shows how a chemo drug like cyclophosphamide alters non-cancer cells' properties, facilitating the cancer cells' attachment and progression.
A new Health Affairs study found that the Medicare Two-Midnight Rule hastened a shift from inpatient to observation stays, but ultimately led to stabilization of both types of stays. The authors suggest weighing the rule's continued benefit against its substantial administrative burden on hospitals.
Researchers found that incorporating energy efficiency measures can minimize long-duration storage, reducing the need for renewable resources. By optimizing mix of renewables, oversized generation capacities, and energy efficiency investments, achieving 100% renewable energy becomes more achievable and cost-effective.
A Simon Fraser University study reveals childcare educators and unpaid caregivers faced fear, anxiety, and unclear public health directives during the pandemic. The findings highlight the need for a gender-responsive pandemic preparedness plan to mitigate unequal effects on women's careers and wellbeing.
The team of researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a generalized spin current theory that accounts for various multiferroic scenarios and provides a transparent toy model for electric polarization. The study demonstrates how the new theory can effectively rationalize the properties of multiferroic materials.
A new study reveals that spring soundscape acoustic diversity and intensity are declining due to changes in bird communities. The research suggests that reductions in natural soundscapes may be the primary mechanism through which population declines impact humans.
The new Atlantic Marine Energy Center, led by UNH, will focus on wave and tidal energy conversion, as well as ocean sensing and aquaculture. The center aims to advance marine renewable energy technologies through research, education, and outreach.
Severely malnourished children who consumed ready-to-use therapeutic food fortified with DHA showed significant improvement in gross and fine motor abilities, language proficiencies, and social skills. The findings suggest that reducing omega-6 fatty acid levels can also aid neurological development.
Research from the University of Georgia found that using verbal commonalities alone was more effective in building rapport than combining it with nonverbal mirroring. Participants were willing to discuss personal topics when interviewer used verbal commonalities, but not when combined with mirroring.
Researchers at Pusan National University and Columbia University reanalyzed poverty estimates in unmarried parent families using the 'Supplemental Poverty Measure' (SPM), accounting for specific criteria. The analysis revealed significant drops in poverty rates over time, particularly for single-mother families.
A CABI-led study developed a framework for assessing the performance and responsiveness of an invasive species system in Kenya. The approach enabled identifying opportunities and challenges from various actor perspectives, highlighting the need for better financing, leadership, and coordination to effectively manage invasive species.
Researchers have identified large semi-stationary eddies off the Wilkes Land coast as causing warm water to flow towards the Antarctic continental shelf, contributing to melting of the Totten Ice Shelf. This finding has significant implications for predicting global sea-level rise.
A new analysis reveals that plankton-eating fish play a central role in driving local spikes of extreme biological productivity in tropical coral reefs. These 'sweet spots' concentrate abundant fish production, making them optimal for fishing. The study's findings hold significance for the future of tropical reef fisheries as coral ree...
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered a central mechanism in plants that helps them deal with drought conditions and water shortages. They found that the ABA signal molecule is stored in inactive state in leaves and released under desired conditions, allowing plants to rapidly respond to changing environmental conditions.
Scientists from the University of Münster used precise isotope measurements to determine that the Moon's heavy bombardment 3.9 billion years ago was caused by continuous impacts of leftover asteroids from the main phase of Earth's formation. The study rules out a sudden increase in impact rate due to outer solar system bodies.
A major global study found that the risk of breast cancer spreading to other parts of the body ranges from 6% to 22%. Younger women and those diagnosed with larger tumours face a higher risk. The study also sheds light on how many people develop advanced breast cancer, a gap in knowledge until now.
Researchers at Aarhus University have discovered how plant receptors recognize specific carbohydrate signaling molecules from their bacterial symbionts. The ability allows plants to select and accommodate nitrogen-fixing bacteria inside their roots.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers has identified specific drugs that can selectively block the polarization of M2-type macrophages, which exacerbate diseases such as wet age-related macular degeneration. The findings suggest that these drugs could be repurposed for new therapies to influence disease outcomes.
A study of 8,889 vaccinated patients and 88,898 unvaccinated patients found the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine to be effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results support mass vaccination efforts globally amid variant spread.
A survey of 1,000 people in five Southeast Asian countries found that more than half were against nuclear energy development. The study suggests that trust in entities and risk perceptions are key factors influencing public opinion on nuclear energy.
Scientists have developed a software that adds missing sugar components to protein models created with AlphaFold, enabling more accurate structural predictions. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize workflows in biology, allowing scientists to understand proteins and their mutations faster than ever.
Researchers from Tokyo Tech have developed a long DNA molecule-based junction that shows remarkable conductivity and self-restoring ability under electrical failure. The 'zipper' configuration allows for high electron transport and reveals delocalized ς-electrons moving freely within the molecule.
The GEMM Initiative aims to bridge the gap between science and policy by providing local governments with actionable, real-time greenhouse gas and pollution emission data. This will enable policymakers to make informed decisions on reducing climate change and air pollution in their cities.
A team of researchers led by Maurizio Porfiri found that counties with fewer COVID-19 cases voted more for Joe Biden than Donald Trump. The study used a spatial data modeling approach to analyze county-level data and determine the influence of epidemiological and economic processes on voting behavior.
Researchers found that motorway connections lead to a 42% increase in wealthy households but only a 5% increase in lower-income households. This results in higher land prices and urban sprawl, disproportionately affecting those with modest incomes.
Researchers are developing a transformative technology called Multiscale Intelligent Convergence (MusIC) to map the complexity of T cells and identify attributes essential for patient benefit. The goal is to create more reliable biomanufacturing of T cell infusion products and engineering potent immune cells.
Researchers identified three new human genes influencing HIV acquisition and progression in sub-Saharan Africa. The study provides valuable insights into genetic variants associated with HIV-1C infection and AIDS progression, potentially paving the way for new therapies.
Researchers used computer simulations to predict the presence of hydroxyl radicals, which clean pollutants from the atmosphere. The study showed that traditional models had widely varying forecasts due to uncertainties in gas emissions, and that better models can aid in combating climate change.
A team of researchers has successfully designed and manufactured customised respiratory protection for healthcare workers using digital facial capture. The technology, developed by the University of Birmingham and King's College London, provides a comfortable close-fitting seal suitable for nearly 90% of face shapes and sizes.
Aging-US review highlights cerebrovascular dysfunctions as a core feature of AD, contributing to pathogenesis and progression. Adrenergic system modulation may serve as a key approach to modulate these abnormalities.
Wild dwarf mongooses have sufficient cognitive ability to monitor vocal cues about aggressive interactions and remember who the bullies are. After a conflict, subordinate group members groom with each other more than usual and ignore perceived aggressors.
A research team from URV-IISPV-CIBERDEM has developed a technique to describe the entire human metabolome. By filtering out non-specific signals and increasing marker identification, this method enables faster deciphering of biological content.
A new pilot study reveals a prostate cancer urine test can identify men with intermediate-risk disease, allowing them to opt for active surveillance instead of immediate treatment. The test assesses the amount of aggressive cancer in the prostate without needing a biopsy.
After ACL reconstruction, researchers found that quadriceps muscles contract differently, leading to a weaker and less functional muscle. This study provides new insights into the persistent weakness often observed after ACL injury.
Researchers have made a giant leap in fighting antibiotic resistance by using supercomputers to redesign existing antibiotics. The new approach shows that the redesigned antibiotic is up to 56 times more active than two existing antibiotics on the World Health Organisation's list, and potentially effective against three top-ranked bact...
A study by UC3M researchers found that higher collective risks lead to stronger social norms and increased punishment for non-compliance. However, as perceived risk decreases, compliance with these norms also drops. The study, published in Nature Communications, provides evidence on how collective risks impact social behavior.
A study reveals that prairie voles are highly motivated by social interactions with familiar animals, while meadow voles tolerate friends and family but lack strong motivation. Oxytocin receptor density is associated with individual variation in social behavior.
A Tulane University study successfully leverages artificial intelligence to identify and diagnose colorectal cancer with a performance comparable to, if not better than, highly experienced pathologists. The AI-powered program achieves an average accuracy of .98 in accurately identifying colorectal cancer from tissue scans.
A new imaging technique can identify stroke patients with slow-growing ischemic cores, who are most likely to benefit from late thrombectomy. The study found that patients with symmetric collateral patterns had slower core growth and were more treatable.
Researchers found that borosilicate glass was crucial for synthesizing amino acids and other prebiotic organic compounds. The study suggests that the emergence of life on Earth may be more abiotic than previously thought.
Researchers analyzed samples of paraffinic oils from the western Siberian Basin, Russia, to understand their characteristics. The study found that these oils are primarily composed of saturated hydrocarbons and have low sulfur content.
Researchers from The University of Tokyo Institute of Industrial Science used microscopy to examine surfactant onion layers, discovering they contain defects. Their findings are crucial for designing effective therapeutic carrier systems.
A new viral disease caused by Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has emerged, threatening global tomato production. ToBRFV overcomes the durable Tm-2² resistance gene, which had remained unbroken for over half a century.
Longitudinal study reveals cortical thinning in people with bipolar disorder, especially those with more manic episodes. The findings suggest that bipolar disorder may be a neuroprogressive disorder, worsened by the progression of symptoms.
A new study reveals that marine microbes are able to consume more methane from sediments than anticipated, preventing its release into the ocean and subsequent environmental consequences. This discovery suggests that these microbes play a crucial role in suppressing methane emissions and mitigating the impacts of climate change.
A researcher has traced the concept of taste in literature to the 16th century, highlighting Francis Bacon's 1597 aphorism that influenced the development of aesthetic discrimination. The study utilized Early English Books Online and found language patterns that shifted over time, ultimately leading to the modern meaning of taste.
Researchers found that Toxoplasma gondii, a commonly found parasite, can 'tame' the parasite to induce inflammatory responses and make tumours more responsive to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This approach has shown promise in treating melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and colon adenocarcinoma in mouse models.
Hippo signaling pathway's core components YAP and TAZ are activated by EGFR, promoting cell proliferation. Researchers uncover novel target for cancer therapies, combining EGFR targeting with YAP/TAZ inhibition.
Research from Binghamton University found that people prefer friendly and trustworthy teammates over those with exceptional skills. This prioritization is reflected in the way students signal their human and social capital to others on teams.
A new report highlights the alarming global impact of Group B streptococcus, which can lead to up to 150,000 infant deaths annually. Maternal vaccination is seen as a cost-effective solution to reduce this toll, with significant health benefits in all regions.
Researchers used nationwide airborne laser scanning data and forest inventories to predict bilberry and cowberry yields in Sweden. The models indicate potential berry picking locations but do not accurately predict yields.
A study by the Universities of Basel and Saarland found almost no risk of coronavirus infection in football players, contradicting previous assumptions about team contact risks. The research team collected data from over 1,300 cases and concluded that outdoor sports with minimal physical contact pose a very low risk of infection.
Research found that Pim kinase inhibitor co-treatment decreases alternative non-homologous end-joining DNA repair and genomic instability induced by topoisomerase 2 inhibitors in AML cells with FLT3-ITD. This approach may enhance chemotherapy drug induction of DNA DSBs and apoptosis.
Researchers found that tumors with few micro-blood vessels are associated with defective perfusion, impacting the efficiency of systemic chemotherapy. This study highlights the importance of improving diagnostic imaging equipment to better detect lymph node metastasis and curb cancer-related mortality.
A nationwide US population-level study found that prior poor mental health at the county level had a positive and significant association with COVID-19 infection rates. Areas with greater vulnerability in poor mental health prior to the pandemic had a greater burden of COVID-19. The study used aggregated survey data from 2,839 US count...
A recent study found that C4 bioenergy grass species outperform C3 species in assimilating carbon during fluctuating light conditions. This discovery could lead to increased productivity and reduced dependence on fossil fuels through targeted plant breeding programs.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a method to safely replicate the weight-loss benefits of a plant compound, celastrol. By deleting a specific protein in brain cells, they were able to mimic the effects of celastrol, resulting in mice losing 7% of their body weight without experiencing harmful side effects.
Researchers at Nicolaus Copernicus University developed an algorithm to help robots avoid dead ends by predicting obstacles and using augmented reality. This innovation significantly improves the efficiency of mobile robots.
A large UK Biobank cohort study found that Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) is strongly associated with an increased risk of death and comorbidities. PRISm was linked to symptoms such as breathlessness, cardiovascular disease, and multimorbidity.
Researchers developed a new tool, PerCEIVED Task, to measure people's accuracy in recognizing emotion in elementary school-aged children. The study highlights the existence of emotional biases, such as incorrectly perceiving Black children as angry, and emphasizes the importance of asking children what they're feeling.
Researchers at University of Missouri and University of Chicago develop an artificial material that can respond to its environment, make decisions, and perform actions not directed by humans. The material uses a computer chip to control information processing and convert energy into mechanical energy.
The Panoramix project assesses exposure to toxic chemicals in children, linking in vitro test results with the Odense Child Cohort. The study aims to identify key 'mixtures of concern' and their levels in water, food, and human bodies.
A new study found that around 1 in 4 medical doctors experienced symptoms of anxiety and depression during the pandemic, with female doctors and younger doctors more likely to be affected. The study also found a correlation between perceptions of workplace safety and mental health.
A study published in Geology suggests that ancient glassy rocks in the Atacama Desert, Chile, were created by a cometary fireball explosion around 12,000 years ago. The glasses contain minerals with signatures similar to those found in comet samples, providing evidence of an extraterrestrial origin.
A new study published in Annals of Human Biology found that over two-thirds of university students experience poor sleep quality, which is linked to increased risk of depression and high stress levels. Women are more likely to suffer from inadequate sleep habits and excessive daytime sleepiness.
A Baylor University researcher led a study comparing pinniped craniofacial musculature and its potential role in aquatic feeding, revealing unique adaptations in suction- and biting-specialist species. The study provides foundational data for further research on pinnipeds and their evolution of functional morphology.
Researchers found that around 5% of patients with type 2 diabetes in Scotland are in remission, suggesting a need for updated guidelines to support clinicians. Individuals in remission tend to be older and have lower blood sugar levels at diagnosis, and often achieve remission after weight loss since their diagnosis
New research suggests tidal stream power can provide 11% of the UK's current annual electricity demand, with potential environmental impact comparable to climate change. To achieve this, around 11.5 GW of tidal stream turbine capacity is required, with major grid infrastructure needed for development.
Researchers found that emotional, social, and psychological well-being in Ghanaian youth are closely tied to having healthy relationships with friends, family, and community. The study's findings suggest that programs promoting Positive Youth Development (PYD) principles could be effective in promoting positive mental health.
Stabilized blue phase crystals could lead to new optical technologies with better response times. By using a core and shell structure, researchers were able to trap chiral liquid crystal in a 'blue phase' state, allowing for perfect, uniform crystals that can be controlled and predicted.
A Canadian study found that recent immigrants were more likely to receive inpatient and intensive care unit services at the end of life, resulting in higher mortality rates. Long-standing residents had better access to palliative care and died in their homes or hospices.
Penn State researchers have received a $2.9 million grant to tackle challenges related to lithium-sulfur batteries, which could provide double the energy density and cycle life of current technology. The project aims to address issues such as polysulfide dissolution and dendrite formation to improve battery stability.
Researchers studied harbour seal pups' vocal responses to sea noise, finding they lowered their tone to adapt. The study reveals young seals have advanced control over their vocalizations at an early age.
A study published in Nature Communications identified C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) as a global regulator of metabolism that balances sugar and fat levels in the liver. CtBP2 is crucial for controlling glucose and lipid balance, making it a promising drug target for treating symptoms associated with obesity.
Researchers have detected antibodies primarily made in response to mucous membrane infections, not typically thought of as a blood and liver infection, in study participants with malaria. The discovery provides new insight into the human body's response to malaria and may help identify new ways to treat or develop vaccines.
Researchers found that poor health in females can lead to interrupted pregnancies and underdeveloped fetuses. High-caloric fish is essential for successful porpoise reproduction, according to Lonneke IJsseldijk's PhD study published in Scientific Reports.
A new study suggests that a gravitational 'kick' from colliding supermassive black holes could be responsible for the strange shape of stars at the center of the Andromeda Galaxy. The team used computer simulations to track the consequences of such a merger, finding that it could knock millions of stars into wonky orbits.
A study led by NTU Singapore found that combining transparency with kinder management styles reduces collusion attempts among employees. The researchers conducted a roleplaying experiment in Amsterdam, assigning participants as managers or employees and observing the effects of increased transparency on collaboration.
Research reveals brief DBS exposure triggers significant brain state changes and sustained antidepressant response. A decrease in beta power is identified as a novel biomarker for DBS treatment optimization.
Researchers at Mount Sinai found that people used forward thinking when trying to influence others, regardless of controllability. This neural activity was linked to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a decision-making center involved in strategic thinking.
A global review found bioaerosols can be transmitted throughout a building by defective plumbing and that opening toilet lids after flushing disperses contaminated droplets. Uncovered rubbish bins and poor surface cleaning also contribute to high bacterial loads.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that people who abstain from alcohol do not necessarily have a shorter survival time than those who consume low to moderate amounts. The study, which analyzed data from over 4,000 German adults, suggests that factors such as previous substance abuse or poor health are more significant predic...
Exposure to fire smoke from landscape fires during pregnancy is linked to low birth weights, a public health problem in LMICs. Newborns from families with lower average birthweights are most susceptible to the risks of pollution.
A new study suggests that most nearby rocky exoplanets are quite unlike anything in our Solar System, with diverse and exotic rock types not found anywhere. The research uses the chemical composition of 'polluted' white dwarfs to estimate the rock types on planets orbiting nearby stars.
A team of UBCO researchers developed a recipe for a clean-burning, power-boosting aircraft fuel by adding graphene oxide nanomaterials to ethanol. This mixture improves the burn rate by about eight per cent, reducing carbon footprint and increasing engine power.
Scientists from the University of Tsukuba have created a method to grow conducting polymers with magnetic properties using harmless virus particles as templates. The resulting polymer networks exhibit helical antiferromagnetic behavior, opening doors for applications in biosensors and virus detection.
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia has received critical government support for its genetic research on pediatric brain tumors through the X01Sequencing & Genotyping Resource Access program. This project will provide unprecedented insight into devastating cancers and pave the way for future therapeutic interventions.
Researchers at Duke University and UNC-Chapel Hill have identified a new antibody that can block infections and minimize symptoms against a broad array of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. The antibody was tested in animal models and found to be effective in protecting mice against developing severe lung symptoms.
The number of wild bees has fallen by 25% since 1990, threatening plant reproduction and food production. Researchers must assume social responsibility to communicate their knowledge and work in transdisciplinary coalitions to halt the decline.
A new study reveals that consumption in G20 nations causes significant premature deaths worldwide, particularly among infants and elderly populations. The research estimates that the lifetime consumption of 28 people in G20 nations will result in one person's premature death.
Researchers used computer simulations and experiments to find that dead zones in indoor spaces can linger with infectious aerosols up to 10 times longer than the rest of the room. This discovery highlights the need for ventilation systems based on air circulation within a room, rather than relying solely on air changes per hour.
A systematic review of youth helplines found that while they appear to be beneficial, there is limited evidence on their effectiveness, particularly for lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The study highlights the need for further research and tailored services to address systemic barriers to help-seeking.
A new study investigates the effects of cord blood cell transplantation and curcumin administration on Tay-Sachs disease. The results show an increase in enzyme production and a decrease in inflammation after transplantation, as well as improved symptoms and reduced GM2 ganglioside levels when combined with curcumin.
Exposure to artificial light at night impairs crickets' activity cycles, disrupting their nocturnal chirping and potentially affecting reproduction. The study, conducted by researchers at Tel Aviv University and the Open University, highlights the need to reduce artificial light pollution to protect environmental behaviors.
A seven-year study by CooperVision indicates that MiSight 1 day contact lenses slow myopia progression without a rebound effect, even after treatment cessation. The lenses demonstrate sustained slowing of myopia progression across different ages and with varying levels of myopia.
A new grant will help libraries increase information literacy around scientific information by analyzing knowledge brokers' assessment of technical and scientific info. The project aims to develop services that enable consumers to discern reliable sources and process information effectively.