A Stanford University study found that even a 1-degree difference between the UN goal and country commitments may increase extreme weather likelihood. The researchers predict a fivefold increase in record-breaking warm nights over Europe and a threefold increase in record-breaking wet days over North America, Europe, and East Asia.
Researchers discover a previously unknown connection between seafloor weathering and the slow carbon cycle. The study reveals that fluctuations in seafloor spreading rates drive changes in ocean crust capacity to store carbon dioxide.
Researchers have developed liposomal nanoparticles that can deliver collagenase enzymes to remodel teeth in the mouth without surgery. This technology has shown promising results in pre-clinical studies, potentially leading to faster and less painful orthodontic procedures.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers from the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute successfully reversed the formation of amyloid plaques in mice with Alzheimer's disease by gradually depleting the enzyme BACE1. This approach improved cognitive function and had significant benefits for the animals' health.
Researchers at the University of York have identified a potential link between altered sugar chains and enhanced bone formation in stem cells. By treating cells with a chemical that modifies sugar chains, they found improved bone growth processes, which could pave the way for new osteoporosis treatments.
A clinical trial demonstrates the impact of nusinersen on older patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), showing significant improvements in motor function scores. The study, known as CHERISH, enrolled 126 children aged 2-12 and found that 57% experienced an increase of at least three points in functioning scores.
A new study by Ohio State University found that adults waste significantly less food when preparing their own meals versus consuming pre-packaged, boxed lunches. In the study, participants who cooked their own meals averaged only 3.5% of plate waste compared to 40% in a lab setting.
The 'microscale magnetic tumbling robot' can traverse uneven surfaces and climb steep inclines in both dry and wet environments. Researchers developed the bot using standard photolithography techniques and explored its performance in fluid media to address unique challenges at the micro-scale.
Michael Mann, a leading climate scientist, has been recognized with the AAAS Public Engagement with Science Award for his extensive outreach efforts to communicate the science of climate change. He has collaborated on children's books, testified before Congress, and used various media to share his research.
Researchers at CNIO discovered that a gene controlling inflammation also increases pancreatic cancer risk. The study suggests new strategies for prevention and detection of the disease.
A Tel Aviv University study suggests that assigning practical, task-related assistance to newcomers can prevent burnout. This approach is more effective than encouraging emotional support or helping with personal issues. By involving new employees in providing instrumental help, managers can mitigate burnout and improve productivity.
Researchers discovered that characteristic patterns of the myelin layer are determined early on and can be adjusted by nerve cells. The team found that the speed of signal transmission through an axon is partly determined by the number and length of myelin segments.
A recent study has found that people over 65 with chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation are at increased risk of stroke when taking blood thinners. The researchers estimate that half a million UK adults fall into this category, highlighting the need for cautious prescribing practices.
Researchers at Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care have found that eye movements play a crucial role in storing memories, enabling the development of new diagnostic tools. Brain imaging studies identified patterns of eye movement and brain activity, revealing how our eyes help reconstruct past experiences.
Researchers found that countries with higher gender equality tend to have fewer female STEM graduates than expected, suggesting that welfare support and economic factors play a role. The study suggests targeting girls who are 'lost' from the STEM pathway could be more effective in increasing women's participation.
A study by Indiana University researchers shows that excess emissions from industrial facilities can make serious contributions to overall air pollution, causing approximately $150 million in negative health consequences annually.
The National Eye Institute is seeking innovative approaches to create functional human retina prototypes using stem cells. The goal is to develop 'mini-retinas' that can replicate the complexity of the human retina, enabling the study of underlying causes of retinal diseases and testing new drug therapies.
Researchers found that Target of Rapamycin (TOR) modulates chloroplast rRNA transcription, linking cytosolic and chloroplast ribosome biogenesis in plants. This discovery sheds light on the regulation of growth in plant cells.
Researchers have created a new mapping app to track stem cells, allowing for the analysis of cell behavior, function, and changes over time. The Web Image Processing Pipeline (WIPP) system uses video footage and high-power computation to bring cell populations under evaluation.
Researchers at Osaka City University have developed a method to harness the potential of egg whites as a substrate for producing carbon-free hydrogen. This involves using a photocatalyst to speed up the reaction and manipulating molecular components through cooperative immobilization.
A study on humpback whales' skin microbiome found that nearly all whales had six core communities of bacteria, which changed with seasonal and environmental conditions. Monitoring these microbes could aid in assessing the whales' health and detecting climate change impacts.
Researchers found that varied burning regimes increase the variety of bird and mammal species in wet savannas, allowing geographically rare birds to coexist with more common species. This study suggests that fire can be an effective tool for promoting biodiversity in conservation areas.
Researchers at WashU Medicine developed a new approach to combat cervical cancer by targeting the tumor's fuel supply. A combination of radiation and three drugs that cut off glucose metabolism effectively shuts down tumor metabolism, making it vulnerable to treatment.
A large-scale study found a possible association between highly processed food intake and an increased risk of overall cancer, breast cancer, and lower risks of other types. The study suggests that rapid consumption of ultra-processed foods may drive a growing burden of cancer in the next decades.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have identified three molecules that effectively treat over 60 types of cancer cells without harming normal cells. These molecules target the TrxR1 enzyme, which supports cancer cell growth and protects them from oxidative stress.
Researchers found that cover crops like hairy vetch and cereal rye have different nitrogen release dynamics. Hairy vetch released almost three times as much nitrogen compared to cereal rye, while cereal rye released nitrogen slowly over multiple weeks.
Researchers found a connection between oxygen deprivation in bone cells and abnormally heavy bones, as well as low glucose levels. This discovery may lead to new treatments for conditions like osteoporosis, diabetes, and obesity.
A study of over 40,000 people in Canada found that single fathers had a higher risk of premature mortality than single mothers and partnered parents. Single fathers were more likely to lead unhealthier lifestyles, which may explain the increased risk.
Climate scientist Michael E. Mann has received the AAAS Public Engagement with Science Award for his extensive media interviews, op-eds, and public outreach on climate change. He has reached millions of people through social media and collaborations like his book with Tom Toles.
Researchers found that prescribed fire reduced bird species diversity, while mastication led to a 50% decrease in bird species and 60% reduction in total numbers of birds. The study suggests that current fire management practices harm wildlife and increase fire risk.
A study published in PLOS ONE has identified two new muscles in the horseshoe crab's pushing leg and male pedipalp using CT scans, expanding our understanding of this iconic creature's anatomy.
A study found a 60.5% reduction in mortality among recently released inmates who were on medication for addiction treatment before their release, compared to the previous year. The program, launched in 2016, linked inmates with community centers and supportive care after release.
A new study by Brigham Young University finds that running under stress protects the hippocampus, a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. Exercise strengthens synapses, maintaining long-term potentiation levels, which are essential for optimal memory formation and recall.
Researchers created thermal blankets to absorb sunlight, melting snow three times faster than natural processes. The eco-friendly solution slashes snow-removal costs and reduces environmental contamination risks.
Researchers discovered a new badger behaviour where some males range widely across multiple territories, gaining access to more female badgers and potentially increasing disease transmission. This finding could help pinpoint areas of high risk for TB transmission, informing effective vaccination strategies.
Scientists at Imperial College London have developed an organ-on-chip technology to study the interaction of pathogens with artificial human organs. They tested the artificial liver's response to hepatitis B virus infection, revealing intricate mechanisms of immune evasion that could be exploited for future drug development.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have identified a small drug molecule that can clear HSV-1 infection in cells and works differently than current drugs. The new compound, BX795, has shown to be effective in treating resistant cases with minimal toxicity.
Researchers found that back-and-forth conversations between adults and children significantly impact brain response to language and lead to better language skills. The study suggests that parents can influence their child's language development by engaging them in interactive dialogue, not just talking to them.
North Pacific seabirds' prey preferences have shifted from fish to squid over the last 125 years, driven by commercial fishing and climate change. The findings suggest massive changes in ocean ecosystem structure, with species declining in trophic position and squid consumption increasing.
Researchers at Princeton University have successfully linked silicon spin qubits using light, enabling long-distance communication and opening the door to more complex systems. This breakthrough increases flexibility in device design and could lead to the creation of quantum computing devices from silicon.
Researchers developed a multistep process to grow single crystal, atomically thin films of tungsten diselenide on large-area sapphire substrates. The process achieved good crystal quality and improved performance by factors of 20-100 times.
Researchers have discovered that the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are roughly the same size, with Andromeda being 800 billion times heavier than the Sun. This finding challenges previous estimates of dark matter in the Andromeda galaxy and suggests that scientists may need to revise their understanding of the local group.
WPI researchers Raghvendra Cowlagi and Alexander Wyglinski combine their expertise in autonomy and wireless communications to create a network that enables self-driving cars to share information about traffic flow, road conditions, and accidents. This allows for safer operation on highways and congested city streets.
A new study published in the American Journal of Infection Control found that implementing consistent hand hygiene measures in nursing homes can lead to lower mortality rates and reduced antibiotic prescriptions. The study assessed 26 French nursing homes and found a 30% lower mortality rate in the intervention group compared to the co...
Engineers at Iowa State University created a new smart material that stiffens by up to 300% when mechanically stressed, supporting 50 times its own weight. The material is made from liquid-metal particles that break open under stress, allowing it to reconfigure and change stiffness.
Researchers have discovered a key mechanism enabling stroke survivors to lift affected arms by tapping into 'backup' motor systems, bypassing damaged regions. This adaptive strategy involves involuntary activation of the elbow flexor muscles, which can be harnessed for improved movement control.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science has selected 15 researchers to participate in its Public Engagement Fellowship program, which aims to promote meaningful dialogue between science and society. The fellows will receive training and support to develop public engagement activities and increase capacity for leadership.
Women with asthma who use short-acting asthma relievers take longer to become pregnant than those without asthma, but using long-acting asthma preventers has no impact on fertility. The study of over 5,000 women in Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland shows a significant difference between short-acting and long-acting treatments.
A new analysis of ultracold neutron measurements imposes strict constraints on the interactions of axions with nucleons and gluons. Researchers discovered frequency changes in neutrons that could be indicative of an 'axion wind', suggesting a specific direction of movement for these hypothetical particles.
A study published in PLOS ONE reveals that nearly 60% of Anna's Hummingbirds have feather mites on their tail flight feathers, while other species show lower rates. The distribution of live mites was found to be more prevalent on outer tail feathers and often nestled between barbs.
Researchers used time-resolved spectroscopy to study the mechanism of light-dependent hydrogenation of protochlorophyllide. They found evidence of partially stepwise hydride transfer involving three discrete intermediates. This discovery sheds light on how light energy can be harnessed for chemical reactions.
A study using physics principles explains global patterns of tropical forest fragmentation, revealing critical points beyond which fragment numbers increase dramatically. The research found similar size distributions on all three continents, suggesting a universal pattern.
Varner is honored by AAAS for her public engagement in science, which empowers participants to join the entire process. She has developed citizen science programs that invite volunteers to track pika populations and study pika stress hormones.
A study found that 53% of parents questioned the accuracy of their child's BMI report card, leading to limited behavioral changes. Schools can support parents by providing resources and healthcare professional guidance to help improve children's health.
A study published in PNAS suggests that video games can complement physical therapies to overcome attention deficit disorders, which contribute to motor skills disorders in stroke patients. The researchers analyzed brain injuries in 167 patients and found a connection between attention control areas and mobility problems.
Astrophysicists develop model to test hypothesis about supermassive black holes and their impact on galaxy jets. The study suggests that part of the jet's power comes from the rotating black hole, which loses angular momentum as it emits energy. By measuring magnetic fields in jets, scientists can estimate this rotational energy loss.
Researchers at INRS develop a hydrometallurgical process to decontaminate treated wood waste, removing over 90% of contaminants. The process is environmentally friendly and cost-effective, diverting wood waste from landfills and incineration.
Researchers have made the first direct observation of electron scattering in auroras, revealing a previously unknown mechanism behind the colorful displays. The discovery was made using a specialized sensor on the ERG satellite and confirms that chorus waves are capable of exciting electrons to create pulsating auroras.
A study by University of Cambridge biological anthropologists reveals that muscle mass is key to regulating heat loss from the hands in cold conditions. Volunteers with higher muscle mass experienced faster rewarming of their hands after exposure to ice-cold water.
A Massachusetts General Hospital team discovered that macrophages, immune cells known for removing debris, are actively involved in the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Elevated levels of inflammatory cardiac macrophages were found in both mouse models and human patients with HFpEF.
Researchers found that positive sponsorship agreements can increase employee identification with the organization, while negative ones can lead to turnover. Deals that resonate with employees' values can strengthen their bond with the company.
A recent study found that learning stress-reducing techniques can significantly reduce the frequency of seizures in people with difficult-to-treat epilepsy. Participants who learned progressive muscle relaxation and breathing techniques experienced a 29% decrease in seizures, while those in the control group had a 25% reduction.
Researchers analyzed blood samples from 35 healthy adults and found a marked increase in antibody-producing B cells and circulating T follicular helper cells after vaccination. The study's findings suggest that intranasal vaccination might be more effective than injections, with implications for ideal inoculation routes.
Researchers at UTA will study excess fat in isolation to understand its link to cardiovascular disease, with a focus on gender differences. Preliminary data suggests pre-menopausal women may be protected from the negative effects of excess fat in the heart.
Researchers Albert Descoteaux and Kessen Patten will study Leishmania's mechanisms to evade the immune system and spinal muscular atrophy, respectively. Their work aims to advance understanding of these diseases and uncover therapeutic targets.
Researchers predict characteristic light signals from supermassive black holes before merger using multimessenger astrophysics. The study simulates binary black hole collisions and provides insights into electromagnetic signals accompanying gravitational waves.
Case Western Reserve University scientists have engineered natural windpipe replacement structures using patient cells and self-assembling modules. This approach overcomes challenges in current tissue-engineering methods, enabling the creation of functional living tracheas that can be implanted into patients with damaged airways.
MIT researchers developed a special-purpose chip that increases the speed of neural-network computations while reducing power consumption. The chip can calculate dot products for multiple nodes in a single step, improving efficiency and making neural networks more practical for handheld devices.
CSIRO scientists have developed a new filtering technique using Graphair that can remove almost all contaminants from water in a single step. The breakthrough technology has the potential to provide clean drinking water for millions of people worldwide who currently lack access to safe drinking water.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have discovered that cells can 'walk' on liquids using protein nanosheets with strong mechanical properties. This breakthrough could lead to the design of new cell technologies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
A new campaign uses spoken word videos to educate young people about the link between diet, environment, and type 2 diabetes, promoting change and demanding healthier habits. The 'Bigger Picture' campaign aims to address the social determinants of health behind the rising rates of Type 2 diabetes in youth.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have developed a new kind of thermoelectric system that can harness small energy differences at low temperatures, producing an electrical energy of 2.3 meV per cycle. The device has shown promising prospects for large-scale heat energy recovery and could help industries become more efficient.
A new study found four types of collaborative programs in Massachusetts connecting overdose survivors with addiction treatment, harm reduction, and community support services. Public health and public safety partnerships have been shown to be effective in reaching high-risk populations.
NASA's Terra satellite revealed the area of strongest storms in Tropical Cyclone Sanba when it was located over the island of Palawan. Cloud top temperatures below -80 degrees Fahrenheit indicate strong thunderstorms capable of heavy rain.
A study found that higher cigarette taxes may increase the use of smokeless tobacco products, like chewing tobacco, and cigars in adolescents. The authors suggest that comprehensive tobacco control policies are needed to address this issue.
The American College of Rheumatology has been awarded a grant to focus on projects that curb disparities in rheumatic diseases. The program aims to address health inequities by creating initiatives that increase ethnically diverse participation in clinical trials and improve healthcare access for minority populations. By doing so, the ...
Higher levels of lifestyle physical activity are associated with increased gray matter volume in the brain of older adults. The study found a significant correlation between daily activities such as household chores, walking dogs, and gardening and improved cognitive function.
The theory proposes that personalities develop around three basic psychological needs: predictability, competence, and acceptance. These needs form the basis of personality and drive behavior. The article also highlights the role of temperament in shaping personality, particularly in children.
Researchers used ALMA to directly observe the rotation of a compact gaseous structure around a supermassive black hole in galaxy M77. The team found that the structure, called a torus, has an asymmetry and contains random motion, suggesting a possible violent history.
A study by Anglia Ruskin University found that millennials who feel confident in their ability to solve social problems and feel valued are more likely to consider becoming social entrepreneurs. Empathy is not enough, but self-efficacy and social worth play a strong role in translating into social entrepreneurial intentions.
A new method has been proposed to stress test materials subjected to harsh conditions, offering a faster and more accurate alternative to existing methods. Laser-accelerated proton beams can reproduce damage equivalent to several months of full operation of facilities producing a harsh environment for materials.
Researchers at Rutgers University have developed a new method for processing nanomaterials that could lead to faster and cheaper manufacturing of flexible thin film devices. The 'intense pulsed light sintering' method uses high-energy light to fuse nanomaterials in seconds, retaining conductivity while reducing temperatures.
Researchers have identified the protein SLC25A3 as the copper carrier into mitochondria, where it plays a crucial role in energy conversion. This discovery has implications for understanding metabolic diseases related to copper transport and energy production.
Researchers found changes in gene activity in the pituitary gland of foxes selectively bred for tameness, which may explain why tame foxes are less stressed. The study suggests that domestication alters animals' reactivity to stress by modifying the way their brain centers communicate about hormone release.
Researchers found FOXO proteins maintain healthy cartilage and prevent joint degeneration. Targeting FoxO could develop new therapies to treat osteoarthritis.
A new study found that Rhode Island's opioid addiction treatment program for inmates reduced post-incarceration drug overdose deaths by 61% and contributed to an overall 12% reduction in overdose deaths statewide. The program provides medications for addiction treatment (MAT) for those who need it, with linkage to community treatment a...
Professor Akke Suiker developed a model to determine the stability of 3D-printed walls, considering factors such as material curing characteristics and wall dimensions. His equations enable engineers to calculate the optimal printing speeds and minimize material usage, leading to more stable structures.
Engineers have developed wearable tissue paper sensors that can detect human movement, such as a pulse, blink, and finger force. The sensors are light, flexible, and inexpensive, with potential applications in healthcare, entertainment, and robotics.
A new study has found that safe-sleep recommendations for infants have not reduced sudden deaths in the first month of life. The researchers identified factors that may contribute to the persistent risk of sudden death during the early weeks of life, including suffocation and asphyxiation.
Researchers from UC3M and BQ will develop a new camera system leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance photographic quality and identify visual patterns. The collaboration aims to foster education, training, and innovation in AI research and its applications.
A team of scientists found that Emiliania huxleyi adapted rapidly to ocean acidification, with some lineages exhibiting extremely rapid changes in ecological fitness. However, the algae's ability to adapt did not translate to better survival in natural conditions.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have discovered that immune system-stimulating treatments combined with a TGF-beta inhibitor are effective against colon cancer. They developed a mouse model that mimics advanced human colon cancer, allowing them to examine how cancer cells evade the immune system.
A comprehensive analysis of 101 major earthquakes found most aftershock activity occurred on the margins of the fault slip zone, supporting the idea that large-slip zones are unlikely to rupture again soon. Stress increases in surrounding areas.
Researchers found that an unexpected sound increased brainwave activity and improved stopping outcomes by up to 15%. The study offers insight into the brain's communication with the motor system and could lead to new treatments for motor-control disorders like Parkinson's disease and ADHD.
Researchers created a detailed molecular atlas of brain blood vessels and the life-essential blood-brain barrier, providing new knowledge on cell functions and disease involvement.
A retrospective study found that 49% of Latin American migrants screened positive for Chagas disease, with a higher percentage of patients with strongyloidiasis infected by the parasite. The authors recommend implementing a combined screening program to address both infections.
A statistical model predicts which bacteria will engraft after fecal transplantation, providing a context for developing synthetic probiotics. The study found that recipient microbiome and immune state play roles in successful FMT, and new bacteria are acquired from both donors and recipients.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a new process called pseudo-homogeneous catalysis, which combines the benefits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions. This novel technique uses elastomeric microspheres to improve palladium catalyst efficiency and reduce waste.
Tropical Cyclone Gita produced over a foot of rain, causing widespread destruction and flooding in Samoa and Tonga. NASA's IMERG analysis revealed heavy rains and strong winds affected both countries, with some structures destroyed including Tonga's historic Parliament House.
Researchers created an organ-on-a-chip model of the human gut to mimic radiation damage and tested a potential radioprotective drug, DMOG. The study found that DMOG significantly reduced cell damage, apoptosis, and intestinal permeability in both epithelial and endothelial cells.