The research developed mini-livers that can mimic fetal development and function, generating hepatocytes and bile ducts. This advancement may lead to improved treatments for congenital liver diseases.
A team of researchers has discovered that plants' daily cycle of heat resistance is triggered by light exposure and involves chloroplast signalling. This finding could lead to the development of crops that can withstand increasingly hot temperatures and more frequent heatwaves under climate change.
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University propose exercise as a potential solution to address substance abuse in adolescents. Assisted exercise may specifically benefit teens with dopamine deficits, common in substance use disorder patients.
A study of over 12,500 patients across 66 countries found that surgical site infections are a significant global health issue, with 22% of cases resistant to pre-surgery antibiotics. The incidence of infections varied greatly depending on the country's income level, with low-income countries being most at risk.
Researchers have mapped detailed molecular events underlying the transformation of ordinary fibroblast cells into therapeutic cardiac muscle cells. The study reveals key changes in protein levels, including a sharp rise in Agrin, which promotes repair processes and inhibits organ size regulation.
A phase II trial demonstrates the safety and efficacy of de-escalating radiation therapy by 30-35% for patients with HPV-positive disease who respond well to chemotherapy given prior to radiation. Patients experienced excellent survival rates and improved functional outcomes with fewer side effects.
A recent study by Brigham Young University researchers links materialism in marriage to a diminished view of the importance of marriage and lower marital satisfaction. Materialistic spouses may prioritize possessions over people, leading to less time and energy invested in their relationship.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding how penoxsulam works to control weeds, which could lead to the development of new, safe herbicides. The study found that penoxsulam combines with an enzyme in the weed and prevents it from producing amino acids.
Researchers found that ancient proteins in insect and mammal brains share common ancestry as regulators of body temperature rhythms crucial to metabolism and sleep. This discovery may lead to new treatments for circadian clock diseases and sleep problems.
A recent Princeton University study found that highlighting the pride people will feel if they take pro-environmental actions may be a better way to change environmental behaviors. Participants who were exposed to anticipation of pride consistently reported higher pro-environmental intentions than those exposed to anticipated guilt.
Researchers at Monash University have identified a molecular switch in the brain that regulates fat storage after dieting. This switch, called carnitine acetyltransferase (Crat), instructs the body to replace lost weight through increased fat storage.
A new study reveals that increased corn and soybean production in the Midwest led to significantly cooler and wetter summers. The research suggests a strong correlation between agricultural intensification and regional climate changes.
Researchers have created an alternative and cheapest anode material for excellent and ultra-stable alkaline water electrolysis. The new core-shell nanostructured electrocatalyst replaces precious metals, achieving highly efficient oxygen evolution activity and ultrastability.
Researchers at Linköping University found that fruit flies do not have a shorter lifespan due to having one X chromosome. Instead, the study suggests that competition for mates may be responsible for the sex difference in lifespan. Further research will investigate alternative theories.
Researchers created Organ Chips to overcome limitations of organoids, enabling the study of dynamic processes and interactions with the microbiome. The innovation allows for highly personalized investigations into nutrient transport, digestion, and disease-related processes.
Rice University scientists have developed a technique to write graphene patterns onto various materials, including food, paper, and cloth. The new method uses laser-induced graphene (LIG) to create conductive identification tags and sensors that can be embedded into products.
A new study finds that only 18% of children with sickle cell anemia receive daily antibiotics to reduce the risk of deadly infections. The condition affects racial and ethnic minority populations and can lead to serious complications like meningitis or death if left untreated.
NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) begins its annual eclipse season, which lasts three weeks. During this period, Earth blocks SDO's view of the Sun for short periods, typically lasting from 2-72 minutes.
Researchers found that 6-year-old children born to mothers with very low vitamin D levels during pregnancy had bigger waists and more body fat. Vitamin D supplements during pregnancy might help stem childhood obesity. The study, published in Pediatric Obesity, examined data from 532 mother-child pairs in Greece.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology have developed a device that can generate microjets with high viscosity, similar to honey. This innovation overcomes the limitation of current inkjet printing methods, allowing for more precise control over fluid flow and properties.
Tropical Cyclone Gita, a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind scale, is causing destruction and flooding in Fiji Islands. The storm's eye was located near 21.1 degrees south latitude and 179.1 degrees east longitude, with maximum sustained winds near 126.6 mph.
Researchers at Penn develop a technology to track protein shape changes, which could lead to improved drug treatments and earlier detection of neurodegenerative diseases. By labeling proteins with probes, they can observe movement and create computational models for atomic-level detail.
A diet rich in saturated fat results in inflammation in the nucleus accumbens, a part of the brain that controls mood and reward. This inflammation leads to depressive, anxious, and compulsive behaviors associated with metabolic dysfunction and obesity.
A new study published in the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy found that direct access to physical therapy for neck and back pain can reduce treatment costs by an average of $1,543. Patients who chose this approach reported similar improvement in their condition, with an average gain of over 50% in pain and disability.
A new study by Dr. Maria Kuzmina provides a vast DNA barcode library for the Canadian flora, covering 98% of vascular plant species, using herbarium specimens. The scale of sampling and quality of curation lend the library taxonomic authority, offering a valuable resource for modern plant sciences.
A new study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that women with depression, anxiety, and fatigue are more likely to be injured at work. The study, which analyzed claims data from over 17,000 employees, suggests that behavioral health factors significantly affect women's risk of injury but not men's.
Pimavanserin has been found to effectively reduce psychosis symptoms in people with Alzheimer's disease without the damaging effects of other antipsychotics. The research, published in Lancet Neurology, shows a significant improvement in psychotic symptoms without sedation or falls, which are common side-effects of current treatments.
The researcher aims to advance natural hazard mitigation by examining local stakeholder networks involved in planning and implementing risk reduction. His project will use a combination of methods, including surveys, interviews, and multivariate regression modeling, to better understand how compassion can be fostered in urban planning.
Scientists propose a nuanced model for extinction that incorporates body size and metabolic scaling, revealing why animal species tend to evolve toward larger body sizes. The model predicts an energetically ideal mammal size 2.5 times that of an African elephant, making it more stable against extinction by starvation.
A ground-breaking partnership between Congenica and FutureNeuro aims to improve diagnosis accuracy in genetic epilepsy. The new software will work with electronic health records to provide clinicians and patients with tailored treatment decisions.
Researchers have developed a new method, DropSynth, to synthesize thousands of genes at once, reducing the cost from $50-$100 to $2 per gene. This breakthrough enables scientists to test hypotheses and analyze large numbers of cells with ease.
Scientists from NUS and international research team create a novel method for deep brain stimulation, utilizing upconversion nanoparticles to deliver visible light deep into the brain. The innovation enables researchers to uncover valuable insights about brain functions with less invasive methods.
A new study published in the European Heart Journal found that every ten-minute delay in treatment for STEMI patients with cardiogenic shock results in an extra 3.3 deaths per 100 patients treated with PCI. Treating STEMI patients within 90 minutes of first contact can prevent one death in every 12 patients.
The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology have issued joint guidelines for the clinical quantification of myocardial blood flow using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The guidelines provide a comprehensive framework for the measurement and interpretation of myocardial blood ...
A new study from Aarhus University finds that high nitrate levels in drinking water are associated with a 15% greater risk of colorectal cancer. The study analyzed data from over 2.7 million Danes and found that even low nitrate concentrations may pose a health risk.
An international team of scientists developed models to predict post-mortem interval based on tissue-specific gene expression changes. Changes in gene expression can be used to determine the time of death with considerable accuracy, potentially aiding forensic analyses.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have created a safe and effective vaccine to block heroin's lethal effects, using an adjuvant already approved by the FDA. The vaccine, which is stable at room temperature for up to 30 days, shows promise in treating heroin addiction and preventing overdose deaths.
A study by Steve Maren and his team identified a key brain circuit that triggers fear relapse. The research found that the hippocampus is connected to a specific type of cell in the prefrontal cortex, which plays a crucial role in relapse. This breakthrough could lead to more effective treatments for disorders like PTSD.
A University of Cincinnati study reveals that TV's influence on pregnancy and childbirth is stronger than many women think, with educated women downplaying its impact. However, those with lower education levels often rely on reality TV as a valuable source of information.
Edwards was recognized by AAAS for applying engineering expertise to expose dangerous levels of lead contamination in water supplies. His team tested over 250 homes, demonstrating corrosive water causing lead contamination, which led to the discovery of high blood levels in children living in Flint.
A ketone ester supplement has been shown to lower blood sugar levels in healthy individuals by reducing spikes in sugar consumption. The study used a single drink containing 75 grams of sugar and found that the ketone drink reduced the blood sugar spike compared to a placebo.
A study of nearly 3 million births found the ACA's dependent coverage provision led to increased use of prenatal care, higher private insurance payments for births, and a modest decline in preterm births. However, it did not affect cesarean delivery rates or low birth weight.
A quality improvement toolkit improved the quality of care but not outcomes in hospitals in Kerala, India. The study found favorable trends in outcomes among heart attack patients, with lower rates of major cardiovascular events at discharge compared to usual care.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may interfere with human body weight regulation, leading to greater weight gain after dieting. Higher blood levels of PFASs were linked with lower resting metabolic rates, which can result in slower metabolism and increased calorie burn.
A new oncolytic virus has been shown to kill cancer cells by alerting the immune system, triggering a widespread immune response that kills cancer cells beyond the infected region. Researchers have found that the virus's mechanism of action involves exposing tumor proteins, which are then detected by the immune system, leading to a pow...
Researchers designed an LED-based train headlight that reduces energy consumption and emits less CO2. The new design uses precisely positioned high-efficiency LEDs to create a bright beam while minimizing electricity use.
MIT researchers have developed a new chip that consumes only 1/400 as much power as software execution of public-key encryption protocols, executing 500 times faster. The chip uses a general-purpose elliptic-curve design and features a dedicated inverter circuit to increase energy efficiency and reduce surface area.
A global climate model predicts that arid cities like Phoenix will experience more severe heat waves by 2100 compared to their rural surroundings. This is because future arid cities will remain water-limited, while their rural neighbors are projected to be no longer dry due to increased rainfall.
The new database shows that the world has become more urbanized than thought, with population growth doubling in Africa and Asia. The database also tracks environmental factors like greenness, soil sealing, and air pollution, revealing promising signs for sustainability.
Researchers found medical cannabis significantly relieves pain and improves quality of life for seniors with minimal side effects. The study surveyed 2,736 patients aged 65+ who received medical cannabis through Israel's largest supplier, Tikun Olam.
The phase II CONDOR trial demonstrates durvalumab's safety and encouraging anti-tumor activity as second-line treatment for tumors with low or negative PD-L1 expression. Seventeen patients experienced partial responses, with an overall response rate of 9.2% for durvalumab alone.
New research confirms maritime winds displace seal pups by hundreds of kilometers during their first winter migration. The study found that strong winds can increase pup displacement, but the impact on survival is unclear.
A clinical trial found that nivolumab can be administered safely with radiation therapy and chemotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed local-regionally advanced head and neck cancers. Most patients completed curative-intent radiation therapy and were able to tolerate continuing immunotherapy for up to a year.
Patients in low-income nations have higher rates of surgical infections and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Infection complications can prolong recovery times and be fatal, highlighting an urgent need for global healthcare action.
Research at The University of Tokyo's Institute of Industrial Science reveals that water and silica diverge when cooled due to differences in atomic arrangement. Water's strong orientational order leads to easy crystallization, whereas silica's weak ordering results in supercooling and glass formation.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a new titanium-based material for making lead-free, inorganic perovskite solar cells. The material has favorable properties for solar applications and can be tuned to improve efficiency.
Lassina Zerbo received the 2018 AAAS Award for Science Diplomacy for his efforts to strengthen nuclear test-ban verification. He has led international diplomacy efforts, negotiated data-sharing agreements, and promoted universalization of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that most coaches prefer to tie games over risking a potential win to avoid sudden defeat. This phenomenon, known as sudden-death aversion (SDA), reflects a common bias in decision-making that can lead to suboptimal choices.
A new systematic review of eleven clinical trials involving nearly 500 participants found that cupping therapy has a high risk of bias and inconsistent results. The authors concluded that no conclusive recommendations for or against the use of cupping in sports performance can be made until further trials are carried out.
A study found that patients and caregivers seek information on their own after receiving inadequate pre-examination information from providers. RadiologyInfo.org is an online resource providing detailed information on medical imaging procedures and preparation.
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends against screening for ovarian cancer in women without symptoms and at low risk. The task force found that the harms of screening, including unnecessary surgery, outweigh its benefits.
Researchers at University at Buffalo have developed a promising compound that can transform the energy storage landscape for large electrical grids. By modifying a metal-oxide cluster, they were able to nearly double its electrochemical energy storage in redox flow batteries, making it an ideal candidate material.
Researchers have identified risk factors for sleep apnea during pregnancy, including frequent snoring and older maternal age. A calculator tool has been developed to help obstetric providers identify women at risk for the condition, enabling early referral for definitive testing.
The APSOS facility in Tibet provides range-resolved profiles of atmospheric variables and constituents, including temperature, wind, water vapor, and greenhouse gases. Long-term measurements are being taken to establish the first whole-atmosphere measurement database over the Tibetan Plateau.
Researchers from CNRS and Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage have uncovered life-sized dromedary sculptures in northwest Saudi Arabia, dating back to the first centuries BC or AD. The discovery provides significant insights into the evolution of rock art in the Arabian Peninsula.
The Kodiak system has been officially baselined for NASA's Restore-L project, demonstrating an autonomous satellite-servicing capability. The system will provide real-time images and distance-ranging information to extend a satellite's lifespan.
A new themed issue of the Royal Society journal explores human evolution through an interdisciplinary lens, combining biological, anthropological and cultural perspectives. Researchers found that English speakers' regional dialects influenced Sranan creole's development, shedding light on events in human history with few other traces.
The Southeast US has experienced colder winters despite global warming, according to a Dartmouth-led study. The polar vortex allows arctic air to plunge into the region, resulting in persistently cooler temperatures. This phenomenon, known as the U.S. warming hole, is linked to natural climate cycles and potentially to climate change.
Researchers developed a new device measuring blink reflex parameters to help diagnose concussions. The Blink Reflexometer TM assesses blink reflex data, providing an objective measure of primitive reflex changes, allowing for accurate diagnoses and decision-making in sports settings.
A new study based on 25 years of NASA and European satellite data reveals that global sea level rise is accelerating, driven mainly by increased melting in Greenland and Antarctica. The rate of ocean rise could double the projected sea level rise by 2100 if current trends continue.
Researchers have created a stable thin film made from iron, cobalt, and manganese that boasts an average atomic moment potentially 50% greater than the Slater-Pauling limit. The new alloy features a magnetization density of 3.25 Bohr magnetons per atom, besting the previously considered maximum of 2.45.
Researchers from the University of Sheffield have identified key drivers of herbicide resistance in crops, including higher volumes of herbicide use. The study found that farms using more herbicides had greater resistance, highlighting the need for diversifying management techniques to reduce evolution of resistance.
Researchers have detected snapping shrimp off the Oregon coast and believe their loud clicking noise may attract eastern Pacific gray whales. The crustaceans are typically found in warm waters but were previously unknown to inhabit the cooler coastal areas.
Researchers used functional MRI scans to measure brain entropy in 892 participants and found a strong link between higher entropy and intelligence, as measured by standard IQ tests. This suggests that brain imaging could one day help assess problems in brain function for conditions like depression and autism.
A study by researchers at the University of Exeter found that dominant male pheasants were better at remembering which tunnel was clear. This suggests a link between social dominance and cognitive performance, with top-ranking males performing 40% better than their less dominant peers.
A Mayo Clinic study found a steady increase in kidney stone formers, particularly among women aged 18-39. Improved imaging technology allowed for better diagnosis and classification of stones, leading to more symptomatic cases being detected.
Research reveals that clonal ants show diversity in their attraction to sweetness, with some preferring diet soda-like solutions and others requiring regular soda concentrations. The study suggests epigenetic modifications are involved, leading to changes in gene functions and potentially affecting colony survival.
New research reveals that Lake Tahoe's shoreline has shifted due to volcanic activity, with three raised shorelines formed by subaerial lava flows and dammed lake outlets. The lake's level rose nearly 200m after each of these events, raising questions about future volcanic eruptions and their hazards.
A team of researchers at Kaunas University of Technology has created a new generation indoor air cleaning device using advanced methods for breaking down pollutants. The eco-friendly technology will clean the air from nanoparticles and gas pollution, improving human health.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a multi-legged robot that replicates the locomotion patterns of cockroaches, allowing it to traverse large gaps and bumps with increased efficiency. By studying the movement principles of these insects, the team aims to create robots that can navigate complex, cluttered terrain.
Researchers from GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel identified a stratification of the seafloor as responsible for at least one landslide in the region. The discovery was made by combining drilling and seismic data, which revealed a layer of clay overlying ooze composed of fossil planktonic organisms.
In a Penn-led trial, cabozantinib significantly shrunk tumors in 34 out of 35 patients with metastatic, radioactive iodine-resistant thyroid cancer. The median time on the study was 35 weeks, and 54% of patients achieved a partial response.
A new review highlights the need for a proper definition and regulations to ensure the safety of nutraceuticals. The authors propose a regulatory system similar to that used for drugs, with standardized guidelines for manufacturers to provide data supporting health claims.
A recent study published in Open Medicine found a significant link between insomnia and depression among Japanese hospital workers. The survey revealed that chronic insomnia can lead to depression, with alarming rates of insomnia reported among medical professionals.
A new clinical trial aims to determine if low procalcitonin levels indicate a viral lower respiratory tract infection that won't improve with antibiotic treatment. The study will enroll patients with suspected LRTIs and low PCT blood levels, and test whether they respond differently to azithromycin or placebo.
A newly discovered gene called MeXis has been found to act within clogged arteries to remove excess cholesterol from blood vessels. This study suggests that long non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in the development of heart disease and may lead to new insights into treating cardiovascular disease.
Researchers used a fluid model of plasma turbulence to study heating plasma in a tokamak, revealing impacts of its turbulent behavior, density and temperature gradients. The findings showed that heating electrons caused changes in density gradients within the plasma.
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study has released a comprehensive dataset of over 4,500 youth, providing insights into brain development, substance use, and mental health. The data will inform future prevention and treatment efforts and policy decisions.
Researchers analyzed data from over 30 years of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and found that peak systolic blood pressure increases with age until 60, after which it plateaus. The study suggests lowering the threshold for exercise hypertension to identify younger adults at risk.
New research reveals an extreme lack of genetic diversity in domestic chickpeas, threatening their adaptability to climate change. However, the study also identified wild relatives with promising traits such as drought-resistance and resistance to insect pests.
A recent study published in Epidemiology found that high intake of sugary drinks is associated with lower fertility rates. The researchers analyzed data from 3,828 women and their male partners, finding that consuming at least one soda per day reduced female fecundability by 25% and male fecundability by 33%.
Early members of the bony fish group had advanced electroreception systems, suggesting a key role in niche specialization. The study uses CT scans to analyze fossils and provides new insights into the evolution of this unique sensory system.
Patients in low income nations are more likely to develop surgical infections and are infected with bacteria resistant to medicines. The study found a significant link between antibiotic use and infection, highlighting an urgent need to tackle surgical infection globally.
A new scanning technology could almost halve the number of liver biopsies carried out on people with fatty liver disease. The study used digital image scanning to diagnose liver disease and found it to be superior to other tests in grading disease severity and excluding patients at increased risk.
A team of researchers has discovered a chemical compound that converts patient-derived stem cells into blood vessels, offering new hope for treating achromatopsia and cone-rod dystrophy. The compound, AA147, successfully directed the stem cells to develop primarily into endothelial cells that can form blood vessels.
Computer simulations led by the University of Leeds uncover that the Rosetta Nebula's central cavity is smaller than expected due to a thin disc-like structure of the cloud, focusing stellar winds away from its center. The findings provide new understanding of individual stars' roles in the nebula.
Researchers found that estrogens from treated wastewater persist in vernal pools for weeks, transforming into more potent compounds and impacting sensitive aquatic habitats. The study suggests inadequate water treatment practices may be contributing to this issue.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have unraveled the immune cascade driving complications and tissue damage in chlamydia infections. The study reveals two distinct immune pathways: one clearing bacteria and another fueling inflammation, offering a roadmap for vaccine development and precision-targeted treatments.
Researchers at Tohoku University successfully recreated conditions similar to those in space without an electric field-trapping boundary. The study shows the electron gas expands adiabatically when electric fields are removed, demonstrating the extension of classical thermodynamics to out-of-equilibrium systems.
Researchers at University of Warwick and Monash University have developed a platinum-based chemotherapy drug candidate that kills cancer cells in targeted areas without harming healthy tissue. The treatment is activated by light, reducing toxic side effects.
Carnegie Mellon University's Rob Kass and Byron Yu will present on using statistical methods to understand brain function, including the development of brain-computer interfaces. The panel aims to explore the application of cutting-edge statistics in neuroscience.
A University of Adelaide study found that monitoring wildlife using drones is more accurate than traditional counting approaches. The #EpicDuckChallenge used fake bird colonies to test the technology, with citizen scientists tallying the number of birds in drone photos, resulting in a higher accuracy rate.
A phase II trial found cabozantinib to be an active agent in treating metastatic, radioactive iodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer, with 34 of 35 patients experiencing tumor shrinkage. The treatment also showed a high response rate and was well-tolerated despite common side effects.