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Science News for March 1, 2018


Latino parents report high levels of psychological distress due to US immigration policies

A new study found that US immigration policies are causing significant psychological distress among Latino parents, with 64% reporting worries about family members getting separated. The researchers also found that these parents are more likely to avoid medical care, police help, and social services due to immigration news and policies.

SourceGeorge Washington University·JournalJournal of Adolescent Health·DateMar 1, 2018

Crowdlending: Anatomy of a successful strategy

A crowdlending pioneer developed a successful strategy by creating a niche market and collaborating with regulatory bodies. He achieved this through a 'coopetition' approach, combining competition and cooperation to bypass the banking monopoly and establish new regulations.

SourceCNRS·JournalAnnales des Mines - Gérer et comprendre·DateMar 1, 2018

A bird in the bush equals money in the hand

A new ecotourism strategy has been tested in Lao PDR, reducing illegal hunting and increasing wildlife sightings. The direct payment approach incentivizes local communities to conserve wildlife, resulting in a three-fold increase in non-tourism sector hunting signs and an overall increase in wildlife sightings.

SourceWildlife Conservation Society·JournalPLOS ONE·DateMar 1, 2018

Researchers use cigarette smoking behavior to identify genes that regulate blood pressure

Researchers identified dozens of genetic variations affecting blood pressure by analyzing cigarette smoking behavior in a large cohort. The study confirms the role of known genes and identifies novel ones associated with blood pressure regulation, offering potential for individually targeted treatments.

SourceNIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute·JournalAmerican Journal of Human Genetics·DateMar 1, 2018

DNA scissors can cut RNA, too

Scientists have discovered that the CRISPR-Cas9 protein can also cut RNA, expanding its potential uses in gene editing and virus detection. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for genetic diseases and improved food and energy crops.

SourceUniversity of Würzburg·JournalMolecular Cell·DateMar 1, 2018

A near-universal way to measure enzyme inhibition

Researchers at McGill University have developed a new technique for measuring enzyme inhibition, offering a universal approach to drug discovery. The method uses isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to measure heat generated by enzyme activity, providing a direct window into the mechanisms of enzyme inhibition.

SourceMcGill University·JournalNature Communications·DateMar 1, 2018

Arthritis drug can lower sugar levels in diabetes

A common rheumatoid arthritis treatment, lefluonamide, lowered blood glucose levels and reversed insulin resistance in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that this therapy could be repurposed as an effective antidiabetic treatment for patients with both diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.

SourceSociety for Endocrinology·JournalJournal of Endocrinology·DateMar 1, 2018

Leishmaniasis strain in Iraq outbreak identified

Researchers studied Leishmania species and strains in Iraq's hot border region, finding most cases match an Iranian strain. The study highlights the need for control programs to stop the spread of leishmaniasis, a disease that infects millions worldwide.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases·DateMar 1, 2018

A power boost for mobile technologies

A new startup, Borês Technologies, is working on low-power-consumption electronics that will enable the haptic revolution in mobile technologies. The technology has the potential to change the way people interact with their electronic devices and with each other remotely.

Converting CO2 into usable energy

Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have identified a new electrocatalyst that efficiently converts carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, a highly energetic molecule. Single nickel atoms were found to catalyze the reaction with up to 97% efficiency, paving the way for recycling CO2 for usable energy and chemicals.

SourceDOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory·JournalEnergy & Environmental Science·DateMar 1, 2018

Paradigm shift in the diagnosis of diabetes

A new classification of diabetes has been discovered, which can predict the risk of serious complications and provide tailored treatment suggestions. The study, published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, reveals that type 2 diabetes consists of several subgroups, each with unique characteristics.

SourceLund University·JournalThe Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology·DateMar 1, 2018

Durable wood 'sponges' act as green sensors of mechanical strain

Researchers created a sustainable wood carbon sponge material by treating balsa wood, making it highly compressible and suitable for strain sensing and various applications. The material's unique structure provides exceptional mechanical and fatigue resistance, outperforming most reported compressible carbonaceous materials.

SourceCell Press·JournalChem·DateMar 1, 2018

New in the Hastings Center Report: January-February 2018

The Hastings Center Report has published a new article examining the ethics of rationing healthcare resources through inconvenience. The authors argue that under certain conditions, this approach can be ethical and even preferable to direct rationing. Meanwhile, another author highlights the potential downsides of this practice, includ...

SourceThe Hastings Center·JournalHastings Center Report·DateMar 1, 2018

Using crowdsourced data, scientists build massive family tree that tells tales of humanity

Researchers created a massive crowd-sourced family tree analyzing 86 million public profiles from Geni.com, uncovering trends in migration patterns and genetic relatedness. The study found females migrate more than males, and couples born between 1800-1850 showed increased marital distances despite higher genetic relatedness.

Food abundance driving conflict in Africa, not food scarcity

A study published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics refutes the idea that climate change leads to civil war in Africa due to food scarcity. Instead, conflicts are driven by competition over abundant food resources, with most armed groups unable to sustain themselves and instead seeking control over local food supplies.

SourceDartmouth College·JournalAmerican Journal of Agricultural Economics·DateMar 1, 2018

A spinning top of light

Physicists develop new method to precisely characterise extremely short light pulses, allowing for detailed information about electron place of origin in novel materials. This enables study of superconductors and topological materials, crucial for quantum computing and energy-efficient processors.

SourceForschungsverbund Berlin·JournalNature Communications·DateMar 1, 2018

Violence against girls in conflict-affected populations reinforces gender norms

In conflict-affected populations, adolescent girls are perceived as responsible for their own safety and burdened by violence, with communities holding differing views on responding to abuse. Research highlights the need for programs addressing victim-blaming and silencing experiences of violence through community structures.

Innovative 'invisible ink' detects TB

Scientists have developed an innovative process to detect TB bacteria using a fluorogenic trehalose analog, called DMN-trehalose. This new stain only illuminates inside living TB bacteria, making diagnosis more accurate and quick. The innovation aims to simplify the traditional smear microscopy process.

SourceUniversity of the Witwatersrand·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateMar 1, 2018

Yellow fever virus is detected in urine and semen almost a month after infection

Researchers detected yellow fever virus in urine and semen samples from a patient who survived the disease almost a month after infection. The discovery suggests the virus may be contagious for a period longer than previously thought, potentially allowing asymptomatic individuals to transmit the disease.

SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalEmerging Infectious Diseases·DateMar 1, 2018

Patients with head injuries do better when treated by trauma centers, even if it means bypassing other hospitals

A new research from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that patients under 65 who are taken to a trauma center have a higher chance of being favorably discharged, while those over 65 have a lower risk of mortality. The study also highlights a serious care disparity for these severely injured patients.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalJournal of the American College of Surgeons·DateMar 1, 2018

Nervous system puts the brakes on inflammation

Research by Weill Cornell Medicine scientists reveals that the nervous system can dampen excessive inflammation in the gut and lungs, which may lead to new treatments for diseases like asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. The study also found that beta-adrenergic receptors play a crucial role in controlling the immune response.

SourceWeill Cornell Medicine·JournalScience·DateMar 1, 2018

Vitamin D reduces mortality

A Norwegian study found that individuals with normal vitamin D levels can reduce their risk of death from cardiovascular disease by up to 30%. The optimal amount of vitamin D varies from person to person, and measuring levels is advised for those who have experienced cardiovascular disease.

SourceThe University of Bergen·JournalThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·DateMar 1, 2018

Diet, bugs and beating high blood pressure

Researchers found that three healthy diets generally reduced blood pressure in most participants, but some individuals responded less well due to differences in their gut bacteria. The study suggests a potential new approach for identifying an individual's clinical response to diet therapy and adherence to prescribed diets.

SourceUniversity of Kent·JournalAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition·DateMar 1, 2018

Discovery shows wine grapes gasping for breath

Researchers discovered that grapes experience internal oxygen shortage during ripening, leading to cell death and potentially affecting wine quality. The study's findings suggest that manipulating oxygen supply can reduce cell death, and may lead to new ways of selecting grape varieties for warmer climates.

SourceUniversity of Adelaide·JournalJournal of Experimental Botany·DateMar 1, 2018

Do you know where your xenon is?

Researchers discovered xenon compounds with nickel and iron at extreme pressures and temperatures, which could explain the missing noble gas in Earth's atmosphere. The study provides evidence for previously theorized compounds of iron and xenon under core conditions.

SourceCarnegie Institution for Science·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateMar 1, 2018