A new study found that the risk of man-made earthquakes due to fracking is greatly reduced if high-pressure fluid injection used to crack underground rocks is 895m away from faults in the Earth's crust. The ReFINE consortium recommends this distance to avoid reactivating geological faults and reducing the risk of induced earthquakes.
The Grand Challenge Initiative - Cusp is a series of international sounding rocket missions investigating the physics of heating and charged particle precipitation in the geomagnetic cusp. The team will study the effects of solar activity on Earth's atmosphere, improving navigation and communication near the poles.
A recent study published in the American Heart Association's Circulation Journal has found that a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet can help reduce cardiovascular risk similarly to a Mediterranean diet. Both diets were shown to result in weight loss, reduced body fat, and improved cholesterol levels.
Researchers studied 19,017 patients in Boston from 2001-2014 who took both triptans and antidepressants. The incidence of serotonin syndrome was found to be extremely low, ranging from 0 to 4 cases per 10,000 person-years.
Astronomers discover halo structures in Milky Way, finding chemical compositions matching those of the Galactic disk. Theories suggest oscillations of the disk as a whole may have relocated these stars to extreme positions.
A new analysis from Duke University Medical Center reveals that childhood obesity rates have increased by 4.7% since 2014, affecting 35.1% of US children aged 2-19. The study also shows significant disparities in obesity rates among different ethnic groups.
Astronomers have created the first high-resolution map of magnetic field lines around a black hole at the center of our galaxy. The map, produced using CanariCam infrared camera, reveals intricate details about gas and dust swirling around the supermassive black hole.
Scientists have created a new state of matter called Rydberg polarons, where an electron orbits a nucleus at a great distance while many other atoms are bound inside the orbit. The electrons' path is only slightly influenced by neutral atoms, resulting in a weak bond between the Rydberg atom and the surrounding atoms.
A landmark study found that maternal immune system activation during pregnancy can shape brain development in infants, influencing the functioning of the salience network. Elevated inflammatory markers were correlated with changes in brain regions and persisted into toddlerhood.
Researchers at Australian National University have identified molecular similarities across six pharmaceutical drugs to reduce unwanted side effects. The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, aims to inform future scientists on how to design more specific drugs with fewer side effects.
Researchers at Columbia's Mailman School developed a method to forecast the spatial transmission of influenza in the US, improving accuracy by 35% compared to previous versions. The system accurately predicts local onset of flu six weeks ahead of time, informing decisions on vaccine distribution and public health measures.
Researchers found that S597 slows progression of atherosclerosis in mice with metabolic syndrome by reducing inflammation and immune cell activity. The peptide lowers blood sugar levels without preventing atherosclerosis, offering a novel treatment strategy for protecting against advanced cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed a new military vehicle shock absorbing device that may protect troops from traumatic brain injury after a land mine blast. The technology, which reduces blast acceleration by up to 80 percent, has the potential to be adapted for use in vehicle bumpers and other applications.
Brown University researchers discovered that mesoscale eddies in the global ocean tend to merge into larger ones, unlike smaller eddies which break up into smaller scales. This finding could help develop coarser-grained ocean simulations that better capture ocean dynamics.
Researchers estimate that beehive coke oven emissions are responsible for more than 9,000 lung cancer cases in China. The study suggests that banning BCOs led to a significant decrease in cancer cases, with an estimated 1,500 fewer cases if the ban had been implemented immediately.
Researchers developed a novel olfactory virtual reality system that enables the study of how smells engage the brain's navigation system. The study demonstrated that mice can form a map of their surroundings based solely on smells, suggesting a potential new frontier in multisensory VR experience development.
A preliminary study has found an association between central hearing loss and mild cognitive impairment in some people. Researchers discovered that individuals with central hearing loss were twice as likely to have mild cognitive impairment compared to those without hearing loss.
A Brazilian study found that silky anteaters are comprised of at least seven different species, contrary to the long-held assumption of a single species. Genetic analysis and geometric morphometrics revealed distinct differences in DNA and morphology among the six newly identified species.
A University of Guelph study found that cardiolipin helps prevent protein misfolding in Parkinson's disease, leading to nerve cell death. Researchers believe cardiolipin may represent a new target for developing therapies to slow the progression of the disease.
Astronomers discovered a powerful stellar flare erupted from Proxima Centauri, making the habitability of its exoplanetary neighbor Proxima b uncertain. The flare was 10 times brighter than our sun's largest flares and could have evaporated any atmosphere or ocean on Proxima b.
A study published in CMAJ found that older age at immigration and emigration from regions with high TB incidence increase the risk of TB in Canada. Latent TB screening and treatment are suggested as practical solutions to reduce TB incidence in these high-risk groups.
A study mapped global movements of whales, sharks, sea birds, and polar bears to understand ocean travel patterns. Despite size differences, marine animals move similarly through the ocean.
Researchers at NC State University have developed a new technique to print highly integrated silver nanowire circuits on flexible substrates. The method uses electrohydrodynamic printing and produces conductive, flexible, and stretchable electronics for various applications.
The study provides a comprehensive genomic portrait of elephants, including extinct mammoths and mastodons. Gene flow between species was more common than previously thought, contradicting simple tree-like relationships.
A large-scale research analysis found that sea bathing doubled the odds of reporting general ear ailments and increased the risk of gastrointestinal illnesses by 29%. The study suggests pollution is still an issue affecting swimmers in high-income countries like the UK.
Researchers discovered the role of adenosine 2A receptor in preventing NAFLD, showing disrupted receptors lead to increased inflammation and fat deposition. The study validates this receptor as a potential therapeutic target for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Kimberly L. Jensen, a professor at the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, has received the SAEA's Lifetime Achievement Award for her significant contributions to agricultural economics and Southern agriculture. She is recognized for her research interests in bioenergy economics, agribusiness, and environmental labeling.
Research found that being a responsible student, showing interest in school, and having good reading and writing skills can predict educational and occupational success decades later. Specific behaviors in high school have long-lasting effects for one's later life.
Researchers studied the impact of reforestation on carbon sequestration in US topsoils and found that lands undergoing reforestation store increased topsoil carbon. These lands are predicted to sequester 1.3-2.1 petagrams of carbon within a century, offsetting approximately 1% of annual US greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers at Bielefeld University have created a molecule with the largest observed spin in a single molecule, equivalent to 120 electrons. The Fe10Gd10 molecule exhibits a quantum phase transition, where ten thousand states become degenerate and exhibit giant entropy values.
A genomic survey of living and extinct elephants reveals recurring genetic admixture, suggesting a more complex evolutionary history. The study confirms the distinctness of African savanna and forest elephants, while also uncovering signs of admixture among other elephant family members.
Researchers have identified a fourth ULX as a neutron star, shedding new light on how these objects can shine so brightly. The study found unusual dip in the ULX's light spectrum attributed to cyclotron resonance scattering, revealing strong magnetic fields around the neutron star.
The article reviews airline policies and procedures to help physicians manage in-flight medical emergencies. Key findings include the top five causes of medical emergencies, which are lightheadedness/loss of consciousness, respiratory symptoms, nausea or vomiting, cardiac symptoms, and seizures.
Researchers aim to improve computer chip components with new materials and designs. The NEW LIMITS center will develop ultra-thin 2-D materials to boost transistor performance while maintaining smaller size.
A recent study from the University of British Columbia suggests that using smartphones during dinner with friends and family decreases enjoyment. The researchers found that participants who used their phones during meals reported feeling more distracted and experiencing less enjoyment compared to those who kept their devices away.
Research shows that plants evolve to stop producing toxic chemicals in response to immune herbivores. The study found genetic evidence of a gene's evolution and loss in multiple plant lineages, supporting the 'defense de-escalation' hypothesis.
Research found that flu strains H3N2 and H7N7 caused memory impairments and structural changes in the hippocampus of mice. The infections also activated brain immune cells and altered gene expression, suggesting a potential threat to healthy brain function.
A new study published in the Addiction journal found that baclofen is no more effective than placebo in treating alcohol use disorders. The meta-analysis revealed higher abstinent rates, but other outcomes failed to show an effect, including reduced cravings and negative mood states.
Researchers found that geological events like mountain formation and wetland disappearance drove diversification of Annonaceae plant genera in Central and South America. The study used DNA data and molecular clock technique to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of 11 Mosannona and 24 Cremastosperma species.
Researchers found that literacy-adapted group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and simplified pain education (EDU) significantly improved pain and physical function in patients with chronic pain. The study suggests that CBT can be simplified to improve accessibility without reducing its potency.
A new study found that predicting avoidable transfers from nursing homes is challenging due to the limited predictive value of symptoms and patient risk conditions. The study suggests that a multi-component approach like OPTIMISTIC has been successful in reducing these transfers, but further work is needed.
A study of NYC's stop-and-frisk policy from 2006 to 2013 found a link between height and police stops for black men. The research also replicated findings in experiments, highlighting the role of perceived threat in racial stereotyping.
A study found that breast cancer patients' initial negative impressions of radiation therapy were often unfounded. The majority of patients reported that short-term side effects were less than or as expected, and long-term side effects were manageable.
A Canadian study found that individuals close to their parent's onset age of Alzheimer's are more likely to have amyloid plaques in their brain. The research also suggests a stronger link between parental age, ApoE4 gene carriers, and increased disease risk.
A new telomere length test has been shown to alter treatment decisions for patients with certain types of bone marrow failure. The test can help identify people at increased risk for developing diseases associated with short telomeres, such as lung scarring and other cancers.
In humans, a massive wave of electrochemical energy release in the brain occurs after oxygen deprivation, known as 'spreading depolarization', which can trigger pathophysiological cascades. Researchers have found that this event is similar to animal studies and that it remains reversible if circulation is restored before nerve cells die.
A study predicts that King penguins will face massive population crashes due to increased food travel distances, potentially leading to extinctions. However, the birds' ability to adapt and find new breeding locations may help them survive.
A five-year research project aims to help new bus operators succeed early in their driving careers and avoid health pitfalls. The study will assess working conditions, measure the impact of driving on eating, exercise, sleep, and weight, and provide tools for operators to stay healthy.
Researchers at Arizona State University have designed and tested a DNA circuit capable of splitting and combining current, like an adapter connecting multiple appliances to a wall outlet. The use of G-quadruplex DNA improves charge transport properties, enabling the creation of new nanoelectronics.
Researchers found evidence of microbial life in the hyperarid Atacama Desert through metagenomics and DNA analysis. The discovery suggests that similar microbes may exist on Mars, adapting to dry conditions.
A study found that commonly used ICU risk scores can be adapted to provide continuous updates on the severity of illness in critically ill patients. The scores, including APACHE, SOFA, and DRS, showed good accuracy in predicting mortality risk and were more responsive to changes in patient condition.
According to Penn State researchers, most PA high school and middle school students are tobacco-free, but e-cigarette and cigarette use remain a cause for concern. The survey found that 4.3% of middle schoolers and 22.4% of high schoolers reported using tobacco products in the past 30 days.
A genetic variant of mutant p53 enhanced mitochondrial function, leading to increased tumor cell metabolism and poorer prognosis for breast cancer patients. The study found that this variant was associated with faster migration and higher ability to invade and metastasize in models of lung and bone metastasis.
Researchers at UIC will study molecular neurobiology of chronic pain and develop new drug treatments for sickle cell disease patients experiencing chronic pain. The funding aims to understand the role of protein kinases in chronic pain and identify potential therapeutic targets.
A new study describes a 5.5-million-year-old fossil turtle species from eastern Tennessee, revealing important differences between this species and others. The discovery provides insight into the evolution of turtles, suggesting that many ancient slider species died out without leaving direct descendants.
Scientists successfully grafted human neural progenitor cells into rhesus monkeys with spinal cord injuries, growing hundreds of thousands of human axons and synapses. The findings represent a major step toward future human clinical trials for paralyzing spinal cord injuries.
The SUN project has developed an online platform to support industries and regulatory institutions in evaluating potential risks of nanomaterials. The platform provides key discoveries on the interactions between nanomaterials and biological or ecological systems, enabling safer and more sustainable nanotechnologies.
Critically ill patients who experience long periods of hypoxic, septic or sedative-associated delirium are more likely to have long-term cognitive impairment. Duration of delirium is a key indicator of cognitive decline, with longer periods predicting worse outcomes.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that a scorpion venom component, iberiotoxin, can specifically block the potassium channel in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, reducing rheumatoid arthritis severity. Treatment with iberiotoxin reversed joint damage and inflammation in rat models without inducing side effects.
Researchers at KIT and EPFL developed a new type of chip-scale light source generating optical frequency combs in silicon nitride microresonators. This enables highly precise distance measurement at speeds of up to 100 million measurements per second, paving the way for real-time 3D cameras and compact LIDAR systems.