A randomized controlled study at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that restoring vacant urban land significantly reduced crime, including gun violence, and increased feelings of safety among residents. The approach has been shown to be quick, inexpensive, and scalable.
A study published in JNeurosci found that a woman's immune system during pregnancy influences the development of her child's brain network, which may be linked to psychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Higher maternal immune activation was also associated with improved cognitive ability in infants.
Researchers at MIT have created a fluorescent sensor that allows them to image neurons' electrical communications without electrodes. This breakthrough could enable the study of brain activity in millisecond-by-millisecond detail, revolutionizing our understanding of neural behavior and cognition.
A new approach to making highly-efficient solar cells has been developed using a novel perovskite material. The researchers achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.10% and demonstrated air-stability in their device, which could lead to more efficient solar energy applications.
Researchers at Binghamton University have developed a new method of treating pancreatic cancer using dual thermal ablation, which combines heating and freezing to kill cancer cells. The study found that this approach achieves complete cell death in pancreatic cancer cells more effectively than heating or freezing alone.
A new study by CAMH reveals that long-term depression causes significant brain inflammation, which may require different treatment strategies. The research suggests that the condition is not a static disease but rather progressive and requires unique therapeutics.
Researchers at Rice University have found that graphene catalysts contain trace amounts of manganese, which activates the oxygen reduction reaction and improves fuel-cell efficiency. The study used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to detect manganese atoms in samples made by the Rice lab.
The American College of Physicians recommends reinforcing formal curricula with hidden cultural lessons in medical education. This includes modeling empathy, encouraging reflection, and promoting learner and clinician wellness. The goal is to align positive hidden curricula with formal curricula and foster respect, inquiry, and honesty.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia have discovered a key gene responsible for synthesizing dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), an important nutrient in marine environments. The discovery could allow scientists to better predict the impact of climate change on DMSP production and its effects on the global sulfur cycle.
Researchers discovered diamond formation from ankerite through spontaneous iron reduction, suggesting a possible mechanism for abundant diamond creation in Earth's lower mantle. The process occurs without melting at high pressures and temperatures, similar to those found in meteoritic impact zones.
Intact forests are crucial for addressing climate change and protecting wildlife, critical watersheds, indigenous cultures, and human health. The study recommends prioritizing forest conservation based on their relative values, highlighting the need for global policy interventions to safeguard remaining intact forests.
A study found that restoring vacant land plots significantly reduced crime and vandalism, while increasing feelings of safety and use of public spaces. Residents near restored land plots reported a decrease in overall crime rates, reflecting the interventions' effectiveness.
A team of scientists discovered that humans triggered the transformation of dense forests to savannahs in Central Africa around 2,600 years ago. The sudden change, known as the 'rainforest crisis,' was not caused by climate change but rather by human activities such as agriculture and population growth.
Researchers have discovered that specialized bacteria can live in the soil of the Atacama Desert, going dormant for decades without water before reactivating and reproducing when it rains. This finding suggests that life could be lurking on Mars, where similar conditions exist.
Researchers discovered that a natural alkaloid extracted from Daffodils, called haemanthamine, blocks the production of proteins by ribosomes in cancer cells, leading to their elimination. The study provides a molecular explanation for the anti-tumoral activity of Daffodils used in folk medicine.
Researchers project a significant decline in Indian monsoon low-pressure system activity, with a 45% decrease expected by the late 21st century. This change is associated with a poleward shift in LPS formation, leading to increased extreme precipitation in northern India.
Researchers found that up to 27% of annual rainfall is stored as 'rock moisture' in bedrock fractures and pores. This water can sustain trees through droughts even after soil has become parched, explaining why some tree species showed little effect from severe droughts.
Nicolas Yunes and Emanuele Berti will study colliding black holes with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) detector, which could help understand Einstein's theory of gravity. The data from LISA will analyze gravitational waves produced during mega-collisions, shedding light on extreme environments.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory find a genetic mutation that increases grains in sorghum by tripling each plant's yield. By reducing hormone levels, they generate more flowers and seeds.
Rice University researchers will use the data to analyze how exposure to mixed toxins in the environment affects a population, especially children. The team aims to develop tools that can characterize environmental exposures, social stressors and residential stability to improve understanding of their impact on educational outcomes.
Researchers found that fat body cells in Drosophila propel themselves forward towards wounds using a wave-like motion, effectively sealing them and preventing infection. The cells work together with immune cells to aid healing and increase antimicrobial peptide production.
A combined analysis of family history and genetic markers improves risk prediction for colorectal cancer, revealing that individuals with a positive family history and numerous genetic variants are at increased risk. This approach can help adjust preventive measures and screening schedules.
A study found that premature birth impacts brain function in infants, particularly in the frontal lobe, which is crucial for cognitive development. The research used EEG signals to measure functional networks in infant brains, revealing selective effects on cognitive functions.
A study found that oxytocin increased brain activity in response to infant and adult faces in mothers, indicating a stronger neural connection. This research explores the role of oxytocin in early parent-infant interaction and its potential benefits for parenting.
Researchers at RMIT University developed an ultra-thin coating that automatically regulates temperature in buildings, reducing energy consumption and emissions. The self-modifying coating can block heat during summer and retain heat inside when it's cold, leading to significant environmental benefits and financial savings.
Researchers found significant variations in high-frequency oscillation periods across different sea areas in the Western North Pacific. In the South China Sea, these oscillations occur at shorter intervals than in open water areas.
A preliminary study found that following the DASH diet was associated with a lower risk of depression, while a Western diet high in saturated fats was linked to increased depression risk. The study, supported by the National Institute on Aging, suggests that a healthy diet may be an effective way to reduce depression risk and promote b...
The US Department of Energy awards a $10.6 million grant to produce more biodiesel and biojet fuel from high-oil content crops like energycane and Miscanthus. The project aims to increase oil production by 15 times compared to soybeans, making it a more sustainable alternative.
A clinical study by British American Tobacco found that switching to glo significantly reduces exposure to cigarette smoke toxicants. The results indicate that glo vapour has lower levels of toxicants than cigarette smoke.
A new system called Veil provides added protections for users in shared computing environments, ensuring data remains encrypted until displayed. The Veil system works by using a blinding server to transmit decrypted pages, making it harder for attackers to retrieve sensitive information.
A recent study by Portland State University found that companies with pro-diversity policies experience increased innovation and improved financial performance. The research showed that diverse hiring practices lead to a wider range of talent and expertise, ultimately driving creative solutions and product introductions.
Researchers at MIT have discovered that cities with grid-like street patterns tend to accumulate more heat than those with chaotic patterns, leading to increased urban heat islands and health risks. The study provides new insights into the impact of city design on heat buildup, offering potential solutions for urban planners.
A register-based study covering 598,553 Danish children found that recurring less serious severe infections do not affect children's cognitive development or ability to complete primary and lower secondary school. In contrast, severe infections with hospitalisations were associated with a lower chance of completing 9th grade.
Researchers found that adding hope to health messages can significantly predict intentions to take actions against skin cancer. Self-efficacy and hope also played a role in adopting sun safety measures.
Researchers found that patients at risk of inherited heart disease often don't understand the implications of genetic test results, leading to psychological and behavioral changes. This study highlights the need for better communication around cardiac genetic counseling prior to testing.
A new study published in Nature Geoscience finds evidence of widespread and relatively immobile water on the Moon. The research suggests that the water may be present primarily as OH, a more reactive relative of H2O, which doesn't stay on its own for long.
Researchers found that older adults with dementia are at increased risk for serious problems like falls and delirium during hospital stays. The study suggests that special discharge planning for people with dementia is crucial in reducing readmission rates.
Researchers designed a new electrode that mimics the structure of tree branches to boost supercapacitors' performance. The device stores more energy and delivers faster power compared to existing designs.
A team of scientists at OIST has created a new biosensing material that can detect interactions at the molecular level, allowing for real-time monitoring of cell proliferation. The material uses gold nanostructures coated with silicon dioxide and capable of detecting extremely low concentrations of substances.
A study presented at the ARRS 2018 Annual Meeting found that emergency patients are often given unnecessary head CT scans, leading to radiation exposure and healthcare costs. Motor vehicle accidents were associated with a higher rate of non-indicated CT examinations.
Researchers explore the link between lighting spectral power distributions and wellness, with LED technology striving to bring new healthy lighting to market. The workshop white paper provides insights shaping the field for lighting designers and health-care providers.
A new research project aims to determine why mine dust-related lung diseases are increasing in prevalence among coal workers. The study will use a multidisciplinary approach to examine the relationship between mine dust exposures and severe lung disease, with a focus on identifying critical risk factors.
A large randomized controlled trial found screening using FRAX calculator and bone density measurements to be highly cost-effective in preventing osteoporosis-related fractures. The study showed significant savings due to prevention of all fractures, including hip fractures.
Researchers identified genetic variants associated with blood vessel inflammation and metabolism that increase risk of severe dengue. These findings provide insights into the pathophysiology of the disease and may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Research found that women with less marital power have lower fertility autonomy and are more likely to succumb to pressure for a second child. The study highlights the need for policies to enhance women's status and address the disadvantages of childbearing
The I-TOPP program, launched in 2011, trains future leaders to address childhood obesity through a transdisciplinary approach. The study found higher-impact research publications and more collaborators among I-TOPP students compared to traditional doctoral programs.
Scientists at Shinshu University develop a thin and dense connecting layer between electrodes using cubic crystal growth, improving lithium ion battery efficiency and addressing temperature issues.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute will collaborate with private sector companies and local transportation agencies to develop changes in freight demand patterns and reduce energy use. The project aims to test new ideas, collect data, and inform research on energy-efficient transportation technologies and systems.
Researchers discovered a fossilized hair from a goat dated back to the Neolithic Corded Ware period, shedding new light on mortuary practices and animal husbandry of the culture. The find supports evidence that domestic animals were kept during this time period in Finland.
Researchers found that only 15% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis could use a HandiHaler inhaler correctly, while 94% of healthy controls could. The study highlights the importance of ensuring patients can properly use their prescribed inhalers to manage their respiratory disease.
Judy Wu's research proposes connecting aromaticity and hydrogen bonding to control material properties. Her work may lead to the development of new materials with novel properties.
Biologist Jeff Podos will teach at two Brazilian institutions and study birds that communicate vocally in unusual ways, using audio and video recordings to describe their habitat and behavior. He aims to understand adaptations for long-distance song transmission and how bird morphology influences song production.
A study found that nearly all adolescents aged 13-19 in an economically disadvantaged San Francisco population had measurable levels of NNAL, a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke. The prevalence of tobacco exposure was highest among African-American adolescents, with 32% identified as active smokers.
Researchers found that children aged 4-11 prioritize physical forces over previous rewards when making decisions. By age 7, functionality information becomes the dominant factor in their decision-making process.
An ASU study has shed light on the biodiversity of anole lizard family trees by comparing their genomes with those of other animals. The research found that genes involved in interbrain development, color vision, and hormones may contribute to species boundaries.
The Gerald R. Ford International Airport has implemented a $20 million stormwater/glycol treatment system to address community concerns and meet operational requirements. The system successfully eliminated the airport's contribution to nuisance biofilm growth in Trout Creek, improving the local ecosystem.
Harvard researchers create an adaptive metalens that controls focus, astigmatism and image shift in real-time, like the human eye. The device is made possible by combining metalens technology with artificial muscle technology, enabling dynamic aberration correction for various applications.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discover high number of mutations in muscle stem cells impairing cell regeneration, which may result in new medication for building stronger muscles. The study found that physical exercise could clear out cells with many mutations.
A recent study by GFZ scientists found that German night lights increased in brightness, except for Thuringia, which showed a decrease. The reason behind this trend is still unknown, but researchers suspect it may be related to the transition from older lighting technologies to LED lamps.
Primary schoolchildren raised in homes surrounded by more greenspace tend to present with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. This is associated with beneficial effects on cognitive function, according to a recent study published in Environmental Health Perspectives.