Researchers have found that the Botai horses from Kazakhstan are not the ancestors of modern domesticated breeds but rather the ancestors of wild Przewalski horses. The study also revealed that there are no surviving purely wild horses, and the earliest domestic horses gave rise to feral populations.
A study found that delivering infused chemotherapy in a physician office resulted in lower healthcare expenditures for commercial health insurers. The study analyzed data from over 283,000 patients who received infused chemotherapy between 2004 and 2014. Delivering chemotherapy at a physician office was associated with lower spending c...
A study found that seeing more exercise-related posts from friends can make people concerned about their own weight and body image. However, for some individuals, these posts can also motivate them to exercise and feel better about it.
A new study found moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels are similarly low in older adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and those from the general population without osteoarthritis or knee pain. The findings highlight the need for efforts to increase physical activity for all.
New diagnostic methods were tested for intestinal schistosomiasis detection in a moderate prevalence area of Brazil. The Helmintex method showed the highest sensitivity, followed by the rapid urine test and Kato-Katz technique.
A team at UC Riverside discovered a way to deliver chemotherapy drug paclitaxel to targeted cancer cells via molecular Trojan horse 123B9, which targets EphA2 oncogene. This approach reduced circulating cancer cells and metastasis in animal models.
A new Annals of Neurology study investigated the mechanisms and timing of events in the brain and circulation during the dying process. The findings suggest that spreading depolarization marks the loss of stored energy in brain cells, leading to death, but also highlight its reversibility with restored circulation.
The study provides a high-resolution view of fishing activity, showing that industrial fishing covers over 55% of the ocean's surface and involves over 70,000 vessels. The dataset reveals cultural patterns and ties fishing to politics and culture rather than natural cycles.
Researchers have developed the first three-dimensional computer model to represent human metabolic processes. This new tool, Recon3D, integrates structural data on over 4,000 metabolites and nearly 13,000 proteins, allowing for more accurate simulations of metabolic reactions and better understanding of diseases such as Parkinson's.
Scientists found that Trichophyton rubrum nearly all belong to a single mating type and refuse to mate with others, even under various conditions. The fungus's high clonality may limit its ability to adapt, making it more susceptible to new antifungal medications.
A new AI platform can diagnose two common retinal diseases and rate their severity with over 95% accuracy, as well as distinguish between viral and bacterial pneumonia. This technology has the potential to improve patient outcomes and increase access to care in remote areas.
The researchers developed a new class of bifunctional immunotherapeutic agents called Y-traps, which can target and disable multiple immune suppressive molecules. These Y-traps were found to be effective in inhibiting tumor growth and activating antitumor immunity, even against cancers that do not respond to existing immunotherapies.
A study published in Conservation Genetics found that about a third of fish samples were misidentified as native delta smelt when using visual identification. Genetic analysis revealed 27% of the fish thought to be native delta smelt were actually non-native wakasagi.
Researchers at TU Wien demonstrate Poincaré recurrence in a multi-particle quantum system, studying collective quantities such as coherence lengths and correlation functions. This breakthrough reveals the long-sought phenomenon of quantum recurrence, where systems return to their initial state over time.
A new study published in Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology found that pregnant women with hypertension can safely monitor their blood pressure at home using a validated machine. The study of 108 women showed no differences in adverse maternal, fetal, or neonatal outcomes compared to those monitored in a clinic.
A portable ultrasound helps nephrologists detect fluid in the lungs of patients with end-stage kidney disease, allowing for more targeted dialysis treatments. This technology could save around $21 million annually by reducing ER dialysis costs and unnecessary hospitalizations.
A new scientific statement by a Mayo Clinic led team suggests that conservative treatment may be more effective for women with SCAD. The average age of women with SCAD ranges from 45 to 53 years, and it is the No. 1 cause of heart attack during pregnancy and in the period right after giving birth.
Research at EMBL shows that synchronization between Wnt and Notch pathways enables embryo segmentation. Changing their relative timing prevents segment formation.
An analysis of published studies found that children with CKD had lower intellectual functioning compared to children in the general population, particularly those on dialysis. Deficits were evident for attention, memory, and executive function domains.
A newly designed borylene molecule has been found to bind nitrogen at room temperature and normal air pressure, surpassing the capabilities of traditional catalysts like iron and molybdenum. This breakthrough may pave the way for a more energy-efficient method to convert nitrogen into ammonia.
A national survey found that more than half of US gun owners do not safely store their guns, with 54% reporting not storing all firearms securely. Safe storage practices are linked to reduced risks of unauthorized access or use.
Researchers at NYU Dentistry have adapted an HIV test to create a rapid diagnostic test for Zika virus using saliva. The new test can detect both nucleic acids and antibodies of the virus in a fraction of the time of current commercial tests, producing results in minutes instead of hours or days.
A genomic study of ancient and modern horses reveals that the Botai horses, who lived on Central Asian steppes 5,500 years ago, did not contribute to the modern domesticated horse population. However, seven Przewalski's horses, an endangered feral group, show a connection to the original Botai group.
Researchers found that adult-born neurons react to reward-related stimuli, speeding up the connection between sensory information and reward. This discovery suggests that adult neurogenesis plays a crucial role in associative learning processes.
Researchers have developed a new technique to study lake sediments, using moth scales to identify past and future insect outbreaks. This discovery can help improve knowledge of insect impact on forests, predictability, and links to climate change.
Researchers found that Scottish hospitals experienced a slower reduction in inpatient deaths, with 0.3% of patients dying in elective admissions and 6% in emergency admissions, compared to 0.1% and 4% in England. The study's authors call for further investigation into the reasons behind these differences.
A new study found that C-section deliveries and changes in gut bacteria increase the risk of childhood obesity. Overweight mothers who gave birth via C-section had children who were three times more likely to be overweight or obese by age three.
MIT researchers successfully grow dormant malaria parasites in engineered human liver tissue, allowing them to study the parasite's biology and vulnerabilities. The team also sequenced the parasite's RNA transcriptome, paving the way for new antimalarial drugs.
Researchers identified distinct patterns in gene expression in synovial tissue samples, revealing differences in pain mechanisms among rheumatoid arthritis patients. These findings may help clinicians develop targeted treatment strategies for patients with minimal inflammation but high disease activity scores.
A team of scientists from UCSB and Global Fishing Watch analyzed satellite data to track the movements and activities of over 70,000 commercial fishing vessels worldwide. Their findings reveal that cultural patterns and politics play a significant role in shaping fishing practices, while natural cycles such as fish migrations are less ...
Recent studies on medical marijuana laws find no significant link to increased adolescent recreational use, contradicting previous claims. The evidence also suggests that legalizing medical marijuana does not necessarily reduce opioid overdose deaths, as other factors contribute more significantly to the decline in deaths.
A study of patients with obstructive sleep apnea found that non-adherent patients were three times more likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days for any cause. Non-adherence to CPAP therapy is a significant risk factor for hospital readmissions, particularly cardiovascular events.
The Kessler Foundation will conduct a pilot study assessing the clinical, functional and neurophysiological effectiveness of robotic exoskeleton-assisted gait therapy for children and young adults with traumatic brain injuries. The study aims to understand the neural mechanism involved in recovery through training.
The new version of WALK-MAN humanoid robot has a lighter upper body and new hands, reducing construction cost and improving performance. It can locate fires, activate extinguishers, and transmit images back to emergency teams for evaluation and guidance.
Researchers will conduct a pilot study to assess the efficacy of combined cognitive rehabilitation therapies, including training in memory strategies and the RehaCom computerized cognitive therapy tool. The goal is to improve patient care for individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI by devising tailored memory strategies.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center found that tumor-associated epigenetic states evolve erratically during early stages of tumor development. This may help refine biomarkers for cancer risk stratification by screening specific genes in individuals of every age group.
Researchers created a scaled-down model of an active volcanic plumbing system to study magma flow through dykes. The novel experimental setup revealed the simultaneous measurement of fluid flow, sub-surface deformation during magma ascent, challenging existing thinking on magma flow.
Researchers found that adding the tagline to policy-based attack ads makes them more believable and gives voters a more positive view of the candidate who endorses it. The effect is substantial, with partisanship having a comparable impact.
A study by UT Southwestern researchers found that only half of older adults are transferred to long-term acute care (LTAC) facilities due to illness severity or complexity. Many others are sent based on hospital preferences and regional trends, potentially leaving them eligible for less expensive post-acute care settings.
Researchers discovered that gut bacteria stimulate serum IgA responses that offer protection against bacterial sepsis. The study found mice with Proteobacteria-rich microbiota survived longer after sepsis, while those without IgA antibodies died quickly.
Scientists have discovered the first major evidence that Neanderthals created the world's oldest known cave paintings, dating back over 64,000 years. The findings suggest that Neanderthals had an artistic sense similar to that of modern humans and were capable of symbolic thinking.
Researchers at Northwestern University found that infants as young as 3 months old can detect and generalize visual patterns, solving a puzzle about their cognitive abilities. The study demonstrates that infants are capable of learning abstract rules visually, indicating an early origin in infancy.
A Massachusetts General Hospital-led research team has identified a genetic defect in the TAF1 gene as the possible cause of X-linked dystonia parkinsonism, a rare and severe neurodegenerative disease. The study found that aberrant splicing of the TAF1 gene leads to truncated RNA expression, which may be responsible for the disease.
A phase I clinical trial has shown some promise for an investigational compound designed to block a hyperactive cell growth signal in advanced melanoma and other cancers. Three patients experienced partial responses to the treatment, similar to response rates seen with other treatments such as MEK inhibitors.
Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience deficits in academic skills, visual and verbal memory, and executive function, according to a new study. The analysis of 34 studies found that CKD patients have an average IQ 10 points lower than healthy children, with those on dialysis showing an even greater decline.
Researchers at Princeton University have identified a drug that can extend egg viability in worms, which could theoretically increase women's reproductive lifespan. The study suggests that the drug could help slow age-related decline in egg quality and potentially extend fertility by three to six years.
The development of freezing techniques for bone marrow, pioneered by NASA engineer Tom Williams, has revolutionized transplant medicine. The technique allows donor marrow to be transported over long distances without cell death.
A team of researchers validated theoretical predictions about the initial evolution of stellar explosions using data from a rare supernova captured by an amateur astronomer. The study found that the rapid brightening rate and low luminosity of SN 2016gkg supported models predicting shock emergence during the explosion.
Researchers identified four new antibodies that bind to RSV's F protein, inhibiting the virus's ability to fuse with human cells. These findings could aid in vaccine development for two major viruses: RSV and its close relative hMPV.
A low-calorie diet has been shown to enhance intestinal regeneration after injury in mice, with reserve stem cells playing a key role. The study found that calorie restriction expanded reserve stem cells five-fold and improved their ability to regenerate tissue, implicating them as critical players in this process.
A new regulator of the immune system has been identified by a Finnish research group, with potential implications for treating both cancer and immune-mediated diseases. HIC1 protein controls the expression of genes contributing to T cell function and regulates immune response.
A long-term study published in BJU International found that tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) is a highly effective option for treating urinary incontinence. TVT surgery involves placing a mesh tape under the urethra to prevent accidental urine release, with high cure rates reported at 17 years after surgery.
A study of 312 participants who had surgery and 652 participants who did not found that surgery was associated with a decline in immediate memory by one point out of 30 possible test scores. Additionally, reduced working memory decline was linked to longer cumulative operations.
A new study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found no significant change in adolescent recreational marijuana use following enactment of medical marijuana laws. The study analyzed data from four large-scale US surveys and concluded that medical marijuana laws do not increase recreational pot use among teens.
Research found that a protein interacts with blood vessels to intensify anaphylaxis symptoms, making it a potential target for drug therapies. Therapies targeting this protein could moderate reactions and make anaphylaxis less deadly.
Researchers have documented a strange relationship between periodical cicadas and a fungus called Massospora cicadina that hijacks their behavior and causes them to spread the fungus' spores. The infected cicadas exhibit unusual behaviors, such as wing flicking and attempting to mate with uninfected females.
Researchers have developed a new synthetic bioluminescence system that allows for imaging of cells from outside the body. The bioengineered light source enables tracking of cancer cells in mice and brain-cell activity in monkeys, with potential applications beyond lab research.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have shown that skin cells re-programmed into brain stem cells can help reduce inflammation and repair damage caused by multiple sclerosis. The study suggests that using a patient's own skin cells could provide a personalized route to treating chronic inflammatory diseases like MS.
Berkeley Lab researchers generate 3-D images of 129 DNA structures, revealing the dynamics and flexibility of DNA origami particles. The method used provides a new strategy for improving control over large DNA scaffolds by redesigning DNA sequences near joints to stiffen the structure.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute professor Farhan Gandhi has received the AIAA Faculty Advisor Award for reviving the RPI Student Branch, facilitating seminars, astronaut visits, and providing students with a sense of community. Gandhi's research focuses on rotary-wing aircraft, adaptive cellular structures, and morphing technologies.