A new research project aims to support small-scale fisherman livelihoods while achieving national and international conservation goals. The project builds on the successful Lyme Bay project, which showed that conservation gains can be achieved while benefiting local fishermen.
Research reveals that HIV-1 viruses transmitted from mother to child during delivery are more resistant to maternal antibodies than non-transmitted variants. A new vaccine aims to boost maternal antibody attack, reducing transmission risk during delivery.
A study published in Journal of Affective Disorders found that cannabis can significantly reduce short-term levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Optimal strains and quantities include one puff high in CBD and low in THC for depression, two puffs of any type for anxiety, and 10 or more puffs high in CBD and high in THC for stress.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System used a homemade microscope to reveal the structure of a cancer-causing virus's 'tether' that anchors it to our DNA. This discovery could lead to cures for viral infections like HPV and Epstein-Barr by disrupting the tether.
A new study by Felisa A. Smith et al. found a substantial bias in mammal extinction during human dispersal periods, with species that went extinct being two to three times bigger than surviving mammals. This trend is evident globally and reflects hominin-mammal interactions.
Researchers are investigating various cannabis-related health issues, such as its impact on pregnant women, young people, and those with chronic pain. The studies aim to expand knowledge on the most pressing questions related to the impact of cannabis on health.
The US military is developing a machine-learning tool to help primary care doctors better detect suicide risk and respond more effectively, with an 80-90% accuracy rate. The tool will be integrated into the Navy's electronic health records and provide real-time alerts to doctors.
The Chat Analysis Triage Tool (CATT) uses algorithms to examine word usage and conversation patterns by suspects, identifying language-based differences that can indicate a risk assessment. The tool has the potential to prevent child sexual assault by allowing law enforcement to prioritize cases and respond quickly.
A Mayo Clinic survey found that nearly a third of patients did not use any opioids prescribed after surgery, with only 8% disposing of their remaining medications. The study suggests that patient factors such as age and pain score can influence opioid use, highlighting the need for tailored prescribing guidelines.
A new study reveals that at least 114 plant species from around the world are capable of prolonged dormancy as adult plants, enabling them to survive through difficult times. This behaviour allows them to overcome short-term disadvantages and extend their lives.
Using UT Southwestern's largest lung cancer cell library, researchers identified 170 chemicals that could be developed into treatments for non-small cell lung cancer. The team also found biomarkers to predict patient responses and therapeutic targets, paving the way for personalized cancer care.
A whole-hospital simulation model was used to investigate hospital responsiveness to mass casualty incidents, revealing superlative effects of expanding capacities. Diversion of patients to alternative facilities and modified triage were also found to be crucial in such events.
A study by University of Arizona researcher Caleb Warren found that people perceive those who smile as more genuine and likable. In contrast, being inexpressive can make someone appear cold rather than cool. The researchers tested this theory using advertisements featuring various endorsers, including James Dean.
A new study by University of Kent researchers suggests that young men in Southern Italy who prioritize masculine honour are more likely to engage with criminal organisation members. The research highlights the importance of addressing these values in education programmes aimed at preventing young people's involvement with such groups.
Researchers at UPV/EHU's Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology have identified the changes in proteins altered by the UBE3A enzyme, which leads to Angelman syndrome. The study explains how a single gene can affect brain function, providing new insights into the disease's complexity.
A 15-year dataset of academic journals found that only 45% of researchers are women, with some disciplines having significantly fewer than 45%. The study identified areas that need new initiatives and reforms to reach gender parity.
A study published in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences found that drowning caused 80% of Harvey deaths, with most fatalities occurring outside the 100-year floodplain. The researchers suggest improving flood maps and communication to reduce risk during future floods.
Gene editing of bone marrow stem cells has shown promise against HIV in non-human primates. The technique successfully reduced the size of dormant 'viral reservoirs' that pose a risk of reactivation, giving rise to white blood cells resistant to SHIV.
A new computer programme assesses whole brain deterioration and predicts cognitive function after stroke up to ten times more accurately than current methods. The 'brain health index' can quantify visible brain injury from cerebral small vessel disease and brain atrophy, giving early warning of risk of future cognitive decline.
The American College of Rheumatology has developed a formal curriculum for nurse practitioners and physician assistants to meet growing demands in rheumatic disease. The novel curriculum outline is expected to positively affect rheumatology workforce challenges.
Engineers at the University of Washington have developed a new HD video streaming method that uses backscatter technology to process video frames instead of transmitting them. This reduces power consumption by 1,000 to 10,000 times compared to current streaming technology.
Researchers discovered genetic defects typical in ANKL, a shared genetic background with NK- and T-cell malignancies, and novel gene amplifications in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Potential drug candidates were found, including JAK inhibitors that could improve treatment for various NK-cell malignancies
Researchers at the University of Connecticut have created a biodegradable composite made from spider silk fibers, which can be used to repair broken load-bearing bones without complications. The new composite shows high strength and flexibility characteristics, making it suitable for treating large leg bones in adults and seniors.
A Penn study reveals that nuclear-import receptors can reverse the formation of disease-causing protein clumps in brain disorders like frontotemporal dementia and ALS. By increasing NIR expression, researchers were able to dissolve clumps, return functional proteins to the nucleus and extend lifespan in fruitfly models.
A human protein, teneurin, plays a key role in embryonic development and nervous system wiring by binding to other proteins on cell surfaces. Its unique structure, resembling a bacterial toxin, allows it to perform multiple functions through alternative splicing.
A new study from the University of Illinois provides video evidence of parental infanticide in dickcissel birds, challenging existing assumptions about this phenomenon. The researchers observed a female parent removing her own chick from the nest, raising questions about the ecological and evolutionary implications.
Kristin O'Donovan's NSF-funded project examines how local governments learn from disaster experiences and the limits of policy change, shedding light on vulnerability differences between communities.
Researchers analyzed 293 localized prostate cancer tumors and found that those with multiple types of cancer cells were the most aggressive. The study's findings can help determine the best approach for each individual patient, including sparing patients from unnecessary treatment.
A recent study reveals that women are underrepresented in STEMM fields, with some disciplines showing a significant gender gap. The research suggests that it may take decades or even centuries to close the gap in certain fields, highlighting the need for practical measures such as reforming academic publishing and peer review.
Two randomized controlled studies show a 65% improvement in treatment group and a 27% improvement in patient-rated measures compared to sham stimulation. The therapy has few side effects, with most participants reporting improvement after receiving treatment.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed a new method to study the brain's role in obesity by recreating brain neurons from obese patients' cells. The study found significant differences between super-obese and normal-weight neurons, suggesting genetic mutations may contribute to weight gain.
A new ant species from Borneo has been discovered, exhibiting a unique explosive defense mechanism that releases toxic liquid when threatened. The discovery sheds light on the biology of 'exploding ants,' which were previously poorly understood due to limited evidence.
A simple handgrip strength test is a good indicator of short- and long-term survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. Patients with weak handgrips were 1.5 times more likely to die within five years, compared to those with strong handgrips.
EPFL scientists have joined the Human Cell Atlas initiative, a global project mapping every type of cell in the human body. The team developed an automated single-cell analysis pipeline, enabling non-expert labs to engage in high-level genomic research.
A new study found that pregnant women's sugar consumption and their offspring's fruit intake had a positive impact on child cognitive functioning. In contrast, maternal and childhood consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with poorer cognition.
Colorectal cancer rates have increased by 22% among young adults under 50, prompting researchers to create an effective screening method. A new imaging technology called nanocytology will be used to identify high-risk patients and ensure timely treatment.
A study reveals that cyclist accidents are increasing due to inadequate infrastructures and risk behavior from drivers and cyclists. The research found that 47.2% of serious injuries occur on conventional urban roads, highlighting the need for improved road safety education and infrastructure design.
A phase I clinical trial enrolls adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes to test the accuracy of a non-invasive tattoo sensor that measures glucose levels through sweat. The technology has the potential to break down barriers to regular blood glucose monitoring, improving patient management and quality of life.
Researchers found that smaller Ru particles increase the TOF of the reaction, while maintaining selectivity towards GVL. The smallest metal particle size (1.2 nm) showed high activity at both room and elevated temperatures.
Researchers have created a new class of crystalline porous organic salts with exceptional proton conductivity, potentially revolutionizing fuel cell technology. The salts' unique structure and strong ionic bonds enable stable pore systems, making them highly efficient electrolytes for fuel cells.
Researchers investigate how algorithms create personalized content and 'filter bubbles' that can foster biases and inequality. The MyBubble project aims to provide transparency into online advertising and profiling.
Researchers found that taking a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant supplement improved blood vessel dilation by 42%, making them appear younger. The improvement was due to reduced oxidative stress and associated with a 13% reduction in heart disease risk.
The USGS and DOE have released a comprehensive dataset of U.S. wind turbine locations and characteristics, enabling accurate planning and research. The database contains over 57,000 turbines and allows users to search and sort the wind fleet by various criteria.
Research found a link between poorer health-related quality of life in adolescence and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Adolescents with lower scores in social and mental well-being domains had structural changes in their retinal blood vessels, which could be indicative of future cardiovascular disease risk.
A smartphone app designed to promote proper child car seat use has been shown to improve safety practices among parents. The app, Safety in Seconds v2.0, was tested in a randomized controlled trial involving over 700 participants and reported significant improvements in several child car seat behaviors.
A new study found that low total testosterone levels are associated with chronic disease in men of all ages, including those under 40. The research team studied the relationship between testosterone, age, and chronic disease prevalence, using a population sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
A recent study published by the European Society of Cardiology found that becoming more physically active after a myocardial infarction halves the risk of dying within four years. The research involved over 22,000 patients and showed that levels of physical activity were reported 6-10 weeks and 12 months after the heart attack.
A study found that consumers tend to blame companies for imposing internal and external surcharges, even if the charges were imposed by an outside agency. The characteristics of the surcharge can shift blame, with customers being more likely to blame the firm if it's something internal.
Researchers have discovered a way to make diamonds flexible by etching tiny needles from artificial diamond films, achieving strains up to 9% and surpassing theoretical limits. The development holds implications for bioimaging, biosensing, and ultra-strength nanostructures, as well as optomechanical devices.
In April 2018, a weather system caused destructive flooding and mudslides in Hawaii. The NASA GPM satellite provided detailed data on the heavy rainfall, showing that Kauai received over 478 mm of rain, with some areas experiencing even higher totals.
Researchers found that Great Barrier Reef corals have enough genetic variation to adapt to rising ocean temperatures, allowing them to potentially survive for at least another century. This offers a glimmer of hope for conservation efforts, but also highlights the need to take action against global warming.
Researchers at Shinshu University used molecular simulations to understand the binding mechanism of antifreeze glycoproteins in polar fish. The study revealed that AFGPs can 'walk' on ice surfaces, selectively binding to growth points and preventing ice recrystallization.
A recent study published in Molecular Autism found that pediatrician Hans Asperger cooperated with the Nazi regime and referred profoundly disabled children to a clinic involved in child euthanasia. The research challenges the long-held narrative of Asperger as an opponent of the Nazi regime.
UCalgary researchers develop a new method to discover drugs for treating epilepsy, leveraging the ketogenic diet's effect on energy production. A promising new use is found for vorinostat, a cancer treatment drug, reducing seizures in zebrafish and mouse models by 60%.
The next WHO Biosafety Handbook revision should prioritize local relevance, proportionate infrastructure and sustainable work practices. This new approach would ensure safe laboratory procedures with minimal resources in less developed countries.
Researchers recommend integrating smart-sensor-controlled air cleaning technologies with plants to optimize indoor air quality. Plants absorb carbon dioxide, increase humidity, and passively absorb pollutants, making them a potential solution for reducing indoor pollution and saving energy.
The Bajau people's larger spleens enable them to dive longer and deeper by injecting more oxygenated red blood cells into the circulation. Genetic analysis reveals a link between increased thyroid hormone levels and enhanced diving ability in this Southeast Asian group.
Increasing tumor size relative to testis size is linked to reduced sperm production in men with testicular cancer. The rule of 50s suggests that men with a testis tumor occupying greater than 50% of their testis have less than a 50% chance of sperm production.
Researchers at LMU have found a novel effect in optical excitation of charge carriers in solar semiconductors, enabling more efficient conversion of infrared light into electrical power. The discovery involves resonances between light overtones and excitonic band-gaps, offering new avenues for solar cell innovation.
Researchers have created a silk hybrid material that attacks bacteria when illuminated by green light, producing reactive oxygen species to break down organic contaminants. The biocompatible material could be used for wound healing and environmental remediation, including air and water purification.
New sequencing technologies and image analysis techniques enable novel solutions to phylogenetics challenges, providing insights into plant genomes and evolution. The special issue highlights cutting-edge approaches for exploring the plant family tree.
The hemithioindigo-based molecular motor exhibits unidirectional rotational motion about a specific chemical bond when exposed to light. The team has characterized the dynamics of unidirectional rotation in the motor using ultrafast spectroscopic techniques and quantum mechanical calculations.
Researchers from Dartmouth College introduced two smartwatch innovations, WrisText and Jetto, designed to enhance the overall user experience. WrisText enables one-handed text entry using wrist gestures, while Jetto provides immersive interaction through lateral force feedback, blurring the lines between physical and virtual worlds.
A new EU grant of EUR 2.5 million will fund research on the sexual biology of malaria parasites to develop novel intervention targets. The project aims to map the functions of approximately 700 parasite genes involved in sexual reproduction to prevent malaria transmission by mosquitoes.
A Rice University study predicts the 2018 flu vaccine will have limited efficacy against the dominant circulating strain of influenza A due to viral mutations related to egg production. The pEpitope method accurately predicted vaccine efficacy rates for over 40 years of flu records and suggests a more accurate predictor than ferret tests.
Chinese croplands experienced drastic changes in management practices since the 1980s, leading to increased soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. The study found that economics and policy-driven organic inputs dominated SOC sequestration, particularly through crop straw/stover return policies.
A new calculation predicts the maximum bandwidth of the universe, a fundamental limit on change speed. The study builds on satellite-based CMB measurements, aiming to reveal the fastest thing in the universe - the Big Bang.
A new study reveals significant differences in post-concussion symptom severity and length of recovery between male and female college athletes. Notably, female athletes who used hormonal contraceptives experienced different outcomes compared to non-users, suggesting a potential impact on concussion recovery.
Researchers at Université libre de Bruxelles identified different tumor transition states during cancer progression and metastasis. They found that cells with intermediate EMT phenotypes are the most metastatic populations.
Researchers at MIT have developed a physics-based system to verify the destruction of nuclear warheads, using cryptographic keys in physical form. The new method uses neutron detection and resonance processes to identify authentic warheads, while concealing their designs.
Manolis Pasparakis, a professor at the University of Cologne, has received a 2.5 million euro ERC Advanced Grant to investigate the role of necroptosis in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. His research focuses on the mechanisms regulating inflammation.
The brain uses a two-step process to categorize both visual and auditory inputs, increasing sensitivity to acoustic features in the lower-level auditory cortex. This discovery has important implications for understanding individual differences in language learning and developing treatments for people with learning disorders.
A new study reveals that cold temperatures can transform white fat cells into 'beige' cells, which perform thermogenesis like brown fat cells. This process could potentially reduce the symptoms of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
A study found that the Bajau people have genetically enlarged spleens, allowing them to free dive for extended periods. The discovery could lead to new insights into Acute Hypoxia and its treatment.
A new technique allows for the assembly of optical and electronic components on separate layers of silicon, enabling the use of modern transistor technologies. This breakthrough increases the speed and reduces the power consumption of chips, which is crucial as transistors continue to rise in count.
A new study reveals that swapping cars for shared bicycles avoids up to 73 deaths and saves $226 million annually. The use of mechanical bicycles offers the most health benefits, with Paris and Barcelona experiencing notable reductions in fatalities and pollution exposure.
Scientists have identified distinct subclasses of pyramidal cells in the subiculum, a region crucial for memory and navigation. These subclasses are associated with processing local and global cues, shedding light on the neural mechanisms underlying spatial recognition.
Historian Prof. Dr Gerd Althoff argues that peace agreements have historically been successful when opponents establish genuine trust, rather than relying solely on confidence-building measures. This approach emphasizes forgiveness, mutual visits, and friendly conversation to create a foundation for long-term peace.
A new Northwestern University study reveals that more high school students in Chicago reported carrying guns between 2007 and 2013 compared to those in New York and Los Angeles. The study found a strong correlation between gun carrying and exposure to violence risk factors, suggesting a link to the city's spike in gun violence in 2016.
Researchers discovered that DOR protein deficiency stimulates the generation of new adipose cells and leads to a less harmful form of obesity. This type of obesity is characterized by an increase in the number of fat cells rather than their volume, which may be less susceptible to metabolic complications.
Researchers from the San Diego Natural History Museum have rediscovered the San Quintin kangaroo rat in Baja California, partnering with a conservation plan to protect the endangered species. The discovery was made using traditional field techniques and live traps, and the rat has been found to persist in the Valle Tranquilo Nature Res...
Male and female cells behave differently after being reprogrammed into stem cells due to their number of X chromosomes. This affects DNA methylation, a process that changes DNA activity without changing its sequence.
A new study found weight-loss surgery reduces average costs to the UK National Health Service by €2742, while gaining 0.8 life-years and 4.0 quality-adjusted life years compared to usual care. The procedure also has potential benefits in reducing obesity-related cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
A study by Aarhus University finds that medical doctors' substance use disorders are exacerbated by legal and social sanctions, leading to a lack of help-seeking behavior. Doctors often turn to self-treatment or performance-enhancing medicine to cope with work pressure, resulting in worsening substance use disorders.
Researchers tested Dual Path Platform (DPP-POCT) Syphilis Screens tests in rural clinics and a hospital in the Solomon Islands, showing high patient satisfaction and ease of use. The point-of-care test can provide results in under half an hour with no electricity or special equipment needed.
A new study found that commercial online advertising can engage large numbers of pregnant smokers earlier in their pregnancies, with an overall uptake rate of 3.4% among those who clicked on adverts. The ads were more effective than free-of-charge adverts on health websites and yielded a high user engagement rate.
Researchers from Dalian University of Technology have developed a new material that can exhibit switchable functions through successive solid transformations and electron transfer. The material's properties, including magnetic, electric, and optical behavior, can be controlled using external stimuli such as light or temperature.
Scientists have developed a new microscope that can capture unprecedented 3-D detail of cells in their natural state, overcoming previous limitations. The technology combines adaptive optics and lattice light sheet microscopy to create high-resolution images of cellular dynamics.
A team of researchers at LSTM has developed a new approach to treating snakebite using antivenom produced from a different species than the one that caused the bite. The study, published in Communications Biology, shows that this approach can be effective in neutralizing certain pathologies caused by venomous snakes.
A brief bedside visual art intervention (BVAI) improved mood and reduced pain and anxiety in patients with haematological cancers. The study found significant improvements in positive mood and pain scores, as well as decreases in negative mood and anxiety.
A new study links human activities to a massive extinction event that wiped out large mammals globally. The research suggests that size-biased extinctions started at least 125,000 years ago in Africa and spread to other continents as humans migrated, leaving only smaller mammals behind.
Medical marijuana shows promise in managing pain and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in older adults. However, its use requires a thorough assessment of side effects to ensure lower doses have a greater impact.
A recent study found that Tai Chi improves brain metabolism and muscle energetics in older adults. The exercise showed significant increases in neuronal health markers and improved energy production in leg muscles.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have identified a protein called GPR68 that senses blood flow and tells small blood vessels to dilate. This discovery could lead to new treatments for conditions like ischemic stroke and hypertension.
Bioengineers have developed a remote control method to activate cancer-killing immune cells using a heat-sensitive switch, which can be precisely controlled to target tumors. The technique has shown promise in initial tests in mice with implanted tumors, and could potentially improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating cancer.
Researchers trained a deep neural network to perform two auditory tasks, including speech and music identification. The model accurately replicated human performance and provided evidence for the hierarchical organization of the auditory cortex.
Researchers identified a fourth gene, IKZF1, associated with childhood leukemia predisposition, expanding cancer screening options. Germline variants in IKZF1 increase the risk of developing B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a common pediatric cancer.
New research found that men under 50 who smoked had an increased risk of stroke, with the risk increasing as the number of cigarettes smoked daily. The study revealed that even light smokers were 46% more likely to have a stroke than non-smokers, highlighting the importance of quitting smoking to reduce stroke risk.
Researchers discovered that pre-existing chemoresistant genotypes in tumors can adapt to become fully resistant to chemotherapy, leading to poor overall survival. The study's findings may lead to diagnostic opportunities for detecting resistant clones in TNBC patients before treatment.
Researchers discovered that blowflies use a unique mechanism called 'bubbling' to cool down, moving a droplet of saliva in and out of their mouths to promote evaporation. This behavior helps lower the insect's body temperature by up to 8°C below ambient temperature, with a significant impact on its flight muscles and brain.
A large proportion of malaria patients in endemic countries are likely to receive low doses of malaria medicine, leading to poorer treatment outcomes and potentially fueling drug resistance. Vulnerable groups like malnourished children and pregnant women require different treatments due to their unique response to antimalarial drugs.
The CRISPR Journal publishes new research on cell-free CRISPR systems, which enable the study of gene editing mechanisms in a defined manner. Additionally, a universal CRISPR activity model called TUSCAN has been developed to predict CRISPR-Cas9 activity and genome-wide screening tasks.
New research from the University of Portsmouth suggests that regulatory reforms in developing countries have failed to create a 'level playing field'. The study proposes stronger industry legislation to address business monopolies and reduce government interventions.
A new University of Kansas research effort has resulted in a low-cost, reliable blood test that uses a small plastic chip to deliver diagnostic information similar to bone biopsies. The test has the potential to eliminate the need for invasive bone biopsies and guide treatment for multiple myeloma and other cancers.
Researchers found that vitamin D levels above 30 ng/ml reduced diabetes risk by one-third and those above 50 ng/ml had a one-fifth risk reduction. Vitamin D deficiency was linked to a greater risk of developing diabetes, with persons at up to five times higher risk than those with optimal levels.
A new mouse study reveals that environmental pollutants like dioxin and cigarette smoke interact with the HLA gene variant to cause more severe rheumatoid arthritis. The disease leads to excessive bone destruction through overactive osteoclasts, a process targeted by researchers for potential new treatments.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University developed a sugar-transporting biosensor to detect and differentiate cancer cells. The fluorescent probe targets the fructose transporter GLUT5, revealing metabolic nuances of different cancer stages.
A new analysis found that opioid pain medications may pose higher risks of altered mental status, falls, and fractures in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Opioid use was associated with increased risks even at lower doses and with certain types of medication recommended for this population.
A four-year grant will support the Program on Water, Health & Development (WHD) in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Ethiopia and Uganda. WHD aims to develop concrete plans for expanding water services to all residents within a target district, guided by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.
Researchers from Max Delbrück Center have published a comprehensive study on the Schmidtea mediterranea flatworm, creating a detailed cell atlas and lineage tree. The work provides new insights into cellular regeneration processes and offers a powerful approach to studying stem cells and their lineages in multiple animals.
Researchers at Stanford University have discovered a new method for creating gold nanoparticles in water droplets, which could lead to more sustainable ways of producing these materials. The technique uses microdroplets as reactors and eliminates the need for potentially toxic reducing agents.
A new study suggests that biofeedback-assisted relaxation using the BrightHearts app can effectively manage pain and anxiety in children undergoing medical procedures. The app's use was well-tolerated by patients, parents, and healthcare providers, with many indicating they would use it again during a procedure.
A study among British airline pilots reveals that 20% have scores comparable to those under burnout treatment, yet most perform well in flight simulator training. The researchers argue that better support and facilities are needed to help pilots cope with their stressful jobs.
Researchers at Stockholm University discovered a new mechanism regulating stem cells in the fruit fly's intestine and found that a specific protein can slow tumour growth. The study sheds light on how intestinal diseases occur and may contribute to the development of new medicine to prevent and cure them.
Researchers at ICFO have successfully confined light to a space one atom thick, setting a new record. They used graphene and other 2D materials to create an optical device that can control light in channels smaller than one nanometer.
A new compound called EP055 has been discovered to stop sperm temporarily without affecting hormones, offering a potential 'male pill' alternative. The study found that the compound significantly slowed sperm mobility, limiting fertilization capabilities.
A recent study found that celecoxib, an NSAID, had better gastrointestinal safety than ibuprofen or naproxen when co-prescribed with esomeprazole. The medication was associated with infrequent gastrointestinal side effects in arthritis patients, making it a safer option for those taking these medications.
A new study reveals a rapid rise in mass school shootings in the US over the past 18 years, with 66 people killed and 81 injured since the start of the 21st century. The authors call for policy and legislative actions to address the alarming trend, including expanded background checks and mental health support.
Researchers generated hypothalamic-like neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells of super-obese and normal-weight individuals. These brain cells responded differently to hunger hormones and obesity-related genes. The study provides a platform for modeling complex polygenic diseases like obesity.
Scientists from Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed 3D mini-brains from human stem cells to investigate the effects of a specific gene mutation tied to major mental illnesses. The results show that the mutated mini-brains exhibit structural disruptions, suggesting a potential new target pathway for therapies.
A new study by LMU researchers reveals that the aggregation of FUS protein is a central component of ALS and FTD. In healthy nerve cells, FUS is transported into the nucleus where it regulates DNA and RNA processing, but in neurons affected by ALS and FTD, its transport is compromised, leading to cytoplasmic aggregation.
Scientists at University of Warwick discovered that physically deforming semiconductors used in commercial solar cells can generate a non-centrosymmetric structure, allowing for the bulk photovoltaic effect. This could potentially increase power generation efficiency by overcoming the Shockley-Queisser Limit.
Researchers identified a gene variant linked to increased empathic fear in mice, which may contribute to individual variability in neuropsychiatric conditions. The study found that the variant affects neurons in the cerebral cortex, leading to heightened observational fear response.
Scientists have developed a new drug compound that shows promise as a future treatment for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, an inherited neurodegenerative condition affecting peripheral nerves. The researchers found that the problem lies in mitochondria's inability to travel distances, leading to nerve atrophy and muscle loss.
A combination of XL888, a HSP90 inhibitor, and vemurafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, was found to be safe and effective in treating advanced melanoma patients, with 75% experiencing a response. The treatment resulted in manageable toxicities and durable responses.
A common Great Barrier Reef coral species has enough genetic diversity to adapt to warming conditions, but its future remains uncertain. The model predicts that the coral will become more sensitive to temperature swings, but it will still survive for at least another century.
A new study confirms desiccation cracks on Mars provide evidence of drying, revealing the shape of water on the red planet. The research sheds light on Mars' ancient climate and provides context to its lacustrine system.
A team of researchers has developed a new method for modeling the formation of diamond-like carbon at the atomic level, which challenges the prevailing understanding of the process. The approach uses machine learning to simulate thousands of atoms over long periods, revealing a more accurate picture of how the material forms.
A new study published in Biological Conservation found that freshwater fish biodiversity is harmed by selective logging in rainforests as much as by complete deforestation. The researchers discovered a significant drop in fish diversity across all types of logging, regardless of the amount or recentness of the logging.
PDE5 inhibitors have been approved to treat lower urinary tract symptoms and pulmonary arterial hypertension, with potential benefits in diabetes and cancer treatment due to their blood vessel dilation effects
Researchers discovered that dopamine drives animals to avoid unpleasant situations, including electric shocks. This finding expands the role of dopamine in aversively motivated behaviors and sheds light on brain disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. The study also highlights the potential benefits of i...
Scientists at Christiana Care's Gene Editing Institute have developed a breakthrough CRISPR tool that can edit DNA in a test tube, allowing for precise genetic mutations to be replicated from human tumor samples. This technology has the potential to accelerate personalized cancer care by enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers discovered genetic and epigenetic changes in humans and chimpanzees that increase the fight-or-flight response, a trait more common in species with warfare history. These adaptations may have played a role in shaping human warfare.
Professor Nicholas Harvey received the prestigious IOF Medal of Achievement for his outstanding work in understanding early determinants of fracture risk and developing novel interventions. He has made significant contributions to the field of osteoporosis through his research and educational initiatives.
Researchers will use naturalistic approach with video vignettes and head-mounted cameras to measure infant eye direction and analyze their visual attention. The study aims to understand how young learners generate data for optimal language learning.
A study of nearly half a million participants found that muscular strength is associated with improved brain functioning across various tests, including reaction speed and memory. The research also suggests that weight training could be beneficial for people with mental health conditions such as schizophrenia and depression.
A recent study published in JCI Insight found that gut bacteria can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis in obese individuals. The researchers discovered that a high-fat diet altered the gut microbiome, leading to inflammation and joint deterioration. However, supplementing the diet with a common prebiotic oligofructose reve...
A large group of common bottlenose dolphins was recorded in Canadian Pacific waters, the first confirmed occurrence in this area. The sighting suggests that these warm-water species may naturally range into British Columbia, Canada when conditions are suitable due to warming trend.
Researchers used optogenetic tools to activate neurons linked to ejaculation in male fruit flies, revealing a rewarding experience. The study suggests that the brain processes ejaculation as a natural reward, influencing motivation and addiction risk.
Research by NTU's Professor Subra Suresh and his team reveals diamond nano-needles can be stretched up to 9% without breaking, opening new avenues for applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, data storage, and ultra-strength nanostructures.
A 20-year study found that C3 grasses actually lose biomass under elevated CO2 levels, while C4 species gain significantly, contradicting previous expectations. This reversal has significant implications for modeling future climate and accurately estimating the distribution of these plant species globally.
A team of researchers is developing tools to help museums measure visitor engagement and modify exhibits to enhance engagement. The project will use multiple technologies, including motion-tracking and facial-monitoring, to collect data on visitors' interactions with educational exhibits.
A systematic review of over 150,000 children and young people found that those who are cyberbullied are more than twice as likely to self-harm and enact suicidal behavior. The study also highlights the need for effective prevention and intervention strategies to address both victims' and perpetrators' vulnerabilities.
A recent study identified rare inherited variants in non-coding DNA as a contributor to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These variants disrupt neighboring DNA control elements that regulate gene expression. The findings suggest that the inherited genetic contribution from mothers and fathers may be qualitatively different.
Professor Cyrus Cooper has been named the winner of the annual Olof Johnell Science Award, recognizing his internationally recognized contributions to the field of osteoporosis. He leads an internationally competitive programme of research into musculoskeletal disorders, most notably osteoporosis.
A study published in Cell found that the Bajau people of Southeast Asia, who spend their lives at sea, have larger spleens than non-divers due to genetic adaptation. The research suggests that this adaptation is a rare example of natural selection in modern humans and could provide insights into managing acute hypoxia.
The Mount Sinai team will develop software tools for efficient and interactive analysis of large amounts of single-cell data, accelerating progress toward curing all diseases by the end of the century. The CZI grant aims to provide a platform for scientists to analyze massive data sets interactively and quickly.
A new Quick Response (QR) code-based system allows patients with Addison's disease to receive urgent clinical management information, improving emergency care. Healthcare professionals expressed a preference for QR code-linked information, and the system has shown promise in preventing unnecessary deaths linked to adrenal crisis.
Researchers have uncovered behavior in ultracold atoms that resembles the universe in microcosm, with potential implications for cosmology and the early universe's rapid expansion. The study reveals analogies to Hubble friction and provides new insights into energy conversion during inflation.
A novel technique integrates CRISPR technology with big data mining to identify functional roles of lncRNAs in chemotherapy resistance. The approach identified hundreds of new genetic units impacting sensitivity to chemotherapy, providing potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment.
A study found that elderly patients with locally advanced lung cancer who received simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy had worse survival rates compared to younger patients. In contrast, those treated with sequential chemo-radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone had similar survival rates.
Researchers uncover how different genes work together to keep cells alive, revealing surprising partnerships between genes with unrelated functions. The study provides a roadmap for understanding genetic interactions in complex cells and organisms, including humans.
A recent study reveals that valproic acid can cause lower levels of transporters for essential compounds in the placenta, leading to impaired fetal growth and development. The research suggests a possible link between valproic acid exposure and adverse outcomes such as major congenital malformations and autism.
Researchers found that defects in 2D molybdenum sulfide materials can improve their physical and electrochemical properties. By intentionally introducing sulfur vacancies, they can enhance chemical processes like hydrogen evolution from water, leading to increased energy efficiency and reduced costs.
A new study from Case Western Reserve University found that certain PTSD therapies can effectively reduce symptoms for civilians and military veterans long-term. The study analyzed 32 PTSD-related studies and found that patients displayed less intense symptoms up to two years after treatment ended compared to six months post-therapy.
A new study found that individuals with malignant melanoma had a 61% lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to those without the condition. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas also showed significant reductions in AD risk, with correlations of 82% and 92%, respectively.
A new study reveals that judges are just as likely as laypeople to discriminate in decisions involving child custody or workplace discrimination cases related to family caregiving duties. Judges' expertise in family law actually increased their tendency to engage in biased decision-making.
Researchers have discovered that diamond can bend and stretch by up to 9 percent without breaking when grown in extremely tiny needle-like shapes. This finding could lead to the development of diamond-based devices for various applications, including biocompatible imaging and drug delivery.