Articles tagged with Infants
A recent study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that 70% of 8-month-old babies have a high salt intake, exceeding the recommended UK maximum level. High salt consumption can damage developing kidneys and establish poor eating practices that continue into adulthood.
A study by the University of Liverpool found that babies from smoking households are more severely affected by bronchiolitis, requiring oxygen and mechanical ventilation. The research highlights the independent impact of tobacco smoke exposure on disease severity in infants.
A recent study found that infants can perceive flicker or movement but struggle to identify individual elements within a moving scene. This suggests that babies have a slower visual processing speed than adults, with a limit of around half a second.
A recent study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that using hypoallergenic baby formula does not decrease the risk of allergies in high-risk infants. The trial involved 620 infants and assessed whether hypoallergenic formula could prevent childhood eczema, asthma, or hay fever up to seven years of age.
A study found that consuming brown seaweed soup daily during the postpartum period can lead to excess iodine intake, potentially causing hypothyroidism and other health issues. The researchers recommend educating healthcare providers about Korean-American dietary habits to provide guidance on healthy eating.
A study found that invasive diagnostic procedures for infants with cystic fibrosis do not reduce lung-damaging infections or structural lung injury. The treatment, which involved culturing fluid samples from the lungs, did not demonstrate clinical benefits but led to increased risks of adverse events.
Researchers found that domestic chickens have a significant preference for consonant sounds, which may be an innate auditory preference. This finding challenges the notion that aesthetic tastes are solely learned behaviors and highlights the importance of distinguishing among sounds in the natural environment.
Researchers found that 4-month-old babies associated sounds with larger and smaller objects, indicating an early capacity for conceptual development. The study used nonsense syllables and visual stimuli to test the babies' perception of physical properties of speech.
A study found that premature infants treated with lopinavir-ritonavir were more likely to experience life-threatening adrenal insufficiency compared to standard zidovudine treatment. Asymptomatic cases were reported, but long-term effects are unclear.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that infants develop the ability to transfer knowledge between 8-16 months. At 8 months, they struggle with new information, but by 16 months, they can apply learned knowledge to new situations.
A study found that neonatal deaths in intensive care units increased when life-sustaining treatments were withheld, while CPR use decreased over time. The trend suggests improved recognition of medical futility and a desire for peaceful death among parents.
A new study reveals that young babies' brains show activation in a temporal lobe area when hearing emotionally neutral human sounds, such as coughing or yawning, than familiar toy sounds.
A research team has identified the disease-causing mutation in a newly characterized rare genetic disease using DNA from just a few individuals. The VAAST tool, developed by Mark Yandell and Martin G. Reese, uses rapid and accurate gene-sequencing techniques to pinpoint mutations in individual patients.
Researchers found a weakened ability to sync brain hemispheres in toddlers with autism, which could lead to earlier diagnoses and treatment. The study used fMRI scans on sleeping toddlers and identified language areas with reduced synchronization.
A new study finds neural synchronization abnormality in autistic toddlers' brains related to language and communication symptoms, indicating possible early diagnosis tool. This brain abnormality was present in 70% of autistic toddlers but rare in typically developing or language-delayed children.
A new vaccine to combat tuberculosis has been shown to be safe and effective, but its introduction into the childhood immunization schedule is complicated by concerns over immune response. The study's findings have important implications for designing the most effective immunisation schedules for children.
A meta-analysis of 41,000 women found that interventions like decentralised testing and treatment can reduce perinatal deaths by 54% and stillbirths by 58%. Implementing universal screening for syphilis in all pregnant women could lead to significant reductions in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
In a study of moustached tamarins, researchers found that 75% of infants survive with male help, but only 41.7% without. Female infanticide occurs when mothers kill their own offspring due to social competition and high levels of prenatal stress.
Research from the University of Utah Health identifies toddlers as early as 14 months at risk for autism syndrome disorder. A partnership between autism experts and pediatricians using widely accepted questionnaires leads to the identification of 10 toddlers with early signs of ASD, previously missed.
A new screening method using newborn saliva has been shown to effectively identify CMV infection in newborns. The test achieved a sensitivity of 97.4% when dry samples were used, making it a promising tool for widespread screening programs. Researchers are now exploring the contribution of congenital CMV infection to overall hearing loss.
Researchers discovered that babies as young as 12 months old can use their knowledge of basic rules to form expectations about new events. A computational model accurately predicts infants' surprise at unexpected events, suggesting they reason by mentally simulating possible scenarios.
A new study reveals that babies born at 39 weeks have a significantly lower risk of death compared to those born earlier, with mortality rates declining by up to 50% per week after 37 weeks. This research supports the importance of continuing pregnancy until 39 weeks for optimal baby health.
Scientists have detected potentially toxic flame retardants in 80% of baby products containing polyurethane foam. The study reveals compounds associated with pentaBDE, a substance banned in many countries due to health risks, as well as two potential carcinogens.
A study found that many GP prescriptions for paracetamol either under-dose older children or over-dose young children, highlighting the need for accurate dosing. The research suggests that health care workers must take care when calculating doses to avoid harm.
Carnegie Mellon University researchers used a video game to study adult language learning, discovering that listeners quickly recognize word-like units. With just two hours of play, participants could reliably extract sound categories and apply them to advance through the game.
The grant will help provide funding for the hospital's La Van program, which provides free transportation for low-income patients coming to routine prenatal appointments. This supports efforts to connect those in need of services to providers who participate in accountable community health care programs.
Researchers found that marital instability at 9 months old predicts child sleep problems at 18 months, including difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. This relationship persists even after controlling for factors such as birth order, parents' anxiety, and infant temperament.
A McGill research team identified two distinct disease-causing mutations in the IRF8 gene, which causes severe immunodeficiency and disseminated BCG infection. These findings led to a successful stem cell transplant that saved the life of a three-month-old baby girl.
A study analyzed cost-effectiveness of strategies to treat infant tear duct obstruction, finding that immediate office-based probing surgery is more expensive than waiting but slightly less effective. The optimal approach depends on the spontaneous resolution rate, with varying costs and outcomes depending on the setting of intervention.
Research at DDW 2011 highlights the need for improved screening and treatment of pediatric liver disease, as well as the benefits of smaller colonoscopies in young patients. Additionally, studies show that college athletes involved in high-intensity sports have a higher risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders.
The number of children dying a violent death has fallen by nearly 90% since 1974, according to analysis of national mortality data. The decline is attributed to improved child protection services, with reductions in family violence and neglect in infancy and early childhood.
A study found that early nutrition, specifically breast milk versus formula feeding, can impact a child's growth and metabolic profile. After four months, the protein content of infant formulas played a key role in inducing differences in blood insulin levels and growth patterns between groups.
Researchers at Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island found that pregnant women infected with H1N1 influenza during the 2009 pandemic were more likely to give birth to lower-weight babies. The studies also tracked outcomes and determined the importance of timely antiviral treatment in pregnancy.
A new study published in the journal Sleep has found that infants who experience irregular bursts of sleep have significant growth spurts in their body length. The study suggests that longer sleep corresponds to greater growth, and that increased sleep episodes increase the probability of a growth spurt by up to 43%.
A new study confirms that infants wake up taller after sleep, with longer sleep bouts predicting increased weight and body-fat composition. The research also found sex differences in sleep patterns related to growth, with boys exhibiting more sleep bouts and shorter ones than girls.
Research suggests that screening very preterm infants for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at 18 months of age is often inaccurate and can lead to false positives. In contrast, waiting until 30 months of age may provide a more accurate assessment. A study found that only 3% of infants who screened positive on all three screens at 30 mont...
Research by Johns Hopkins Medicine and others reveals human donor milk may be safer for extremely premature babies than standard formula, with fewer cases of NEC and reduced need for surgery.
A study of 281 mother/newborn pairs found that maternal obesity is associated with impaired iron status in infants, which could affect brain development. The researchers are investigating why obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of poorer iron status at birth.
A new study shows that fetal exposure to a chemical found in crude oil is associated with an increased risk of congenital heart disease. Among white infants, but not black infants, exposure to ethyl benzene was linked to a four-fold increased risk of CHD.
Unintentional child injury deaths can be prevented through adequate supervision and protection from harm. Researchers emphasize the importance of addressing social norms around child safety, such as safe sleep environments and car seat use.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, developed a novel screening approach to detect Autism Syndrome Disorder (ASD) in babies at 1-year check-ups. The 'One-Year Well-Baby Check Up Approach' has shown a positive predictive value of 75% using a simple, five-minute screening technique.
A study published in Pediatric Pulmonology found that azithromycin can reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants colonized or infected with Ureaplasma bacteria. The treatment showed a 21% reduction in BPD development and death rates in treated infants, compared to placebo.
The FDA approves Menactra vaccine for infants as young as 9 months of age, providing a new option to help protect against meningococcal disease. The vaccine has been shown to elicit a robust immune response and can be administered concurrently with other vaccines.
A nationwide study found that group B streptococci are the leading cause of early-onset sepsis in full-term infants, while Escherichia coli is a common pathogen in preterm infants. The study also highlights missed opportunities for prevention due to inadequate screening and electronic medical record linking.
A meta-analysis of 22 studies found that infants with regulatory problems are more likely to develop behavioral problems in childhood. The most common outcomes were externalizing problems and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
A study found airway abnormalities uncommon among infants hospitalized with apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs), and the need for pediatric otolaryngology evaluation is low in well-appearing babies. Despite this, some patients required surgical intervention to address underlying conditions.
Non-Hispanic black infants born with heart defects are more likely to die within the first five years of life compared to non-Hispanic white and Hispanic peers. The study found that minority children, particularly non-Hispanic blacks, face higher risks for certain types of congenital heart abnormalities.
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast have pioneered a needle-free test for medicines in premature babies, reducing trauma and improving accuracy. The new approach uses blood spots obtained from heel-pricks, allowing for more precise dosage calculations and better treatment outcomes.
A new vaccine approach using an adjuvant to stimulate the immune system shows promise in a study of Gambian infants, highlighting potential for single-shot protection at birth and reducing immunizations needed. The study's findings could have major wins for global health.
A NIH study found that progesterone reduced the rate of preterm birth before 33 weeks of pregnancy among women with a short cervix. Infants born to these women were also less likely to develop respiratory distress syndrome.
Infants exhibit stable patterns of attention during interaction, with gaze duration influenced by previous gazes. This finding suggests a building block of intentional action and may help understand human social interactions.
A study found that reported cases of plagiocephaly increased by over 9-fold from 1999 to 2007, with the largest increases observed in mothers with less education. The prevalence of plagiocephaly was highest in the Dallas/Fort Worth region and among infants born preterm.
A new internet-based intervention reduced infant and toddler sleep disturbances by 50%, while also improving maternal sleep and mood. The customized sleep profile provided individualized recommendations, leading to significant improvements in sleep quality and duration.
A recent publication in the American Journal of Reproductive Immunology highlights the need to establish guidelines for studying HIV's entry point: the female genital tract. Research attention has shifted from blood to this area, but proper sampling methods and assays are crucial for accurate results.
Research suggests that punishing boys for their negative emotions can lead to increased anxiety and behavior problems. Parents who punish toddlers for becoming angry or scared can hinder their child's ability to regulate and express emotions.
Researchers presented studies on preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in infants and the strain characteristics of transmitted strains, with implications for future vaccine strategies. A study found that post-exposure prophylaxis with a two- or three-antiretroviral-drug regimen is more effective than zidovudine alone, while a...
Researchers link Henry VIII's reproductive issues, including multiple miscarriages, to Kell blood group incompatibility. The study also suggests McLeod syndrome as a possible cause for his dramatic physical transformation and mental instability.
Researchers found a significant decrease in cerebral palsy diagnoses among premature infants over the past 15 years. The rates dropped from 6.5% to 2.2%, indicating improved care before, during, and after birth.
A 6-month daily dose of the antiretroviral drug nevirapine significantly reduced HIV transmission through breast milk to infants of HIV-infected mothers. The extended regimen achieved a 54% reduction in HIV transmission risk compared to six-week treatment, while preserving health benefits of extended breastfeeding.
Researchers have discovered that adding one or two drugs to the standard ZDV treatment can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission from mother to infant. The study found that treatment with two and three drug regimens reduced HIV transmission by more than 50%.