Articles tagged with Infants
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The hospital is studying embryo, placenta and heart development, susceptibility to infection in newborns, and effects of intrauterine development on later outcomes. Researchers aim to improve care for vulnerable children by optimizing both the intrauterine and postnatal environment.
A new PhysiScore system developed by Stanford researchers can accurately predict the health of premature infants with a high degree of accuracy, potentially reducing healthcare costs. The system uses real-time data and machine learning algorithms to identify subtle patterns in the complex data about these young patients.
A study found that infants receiving pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV-7) at 2, 4, and 11 months had a higher likelihood of acquiring pneumococcal serotype 19A, a multiresistant strain. The study's findings suggest that PCV-7 may facilitate the acquisition of this strain.
A new study found that children treated with protease inhibitors and then switched to Nevirapine were more likely to maintain low virus levels. The switch regime is easier for parents to adhere to, saving money, but requires adequate monitoring of virus levels.
A study published in Archives of General Psychiatry found that toddlers with autism spend more time examining dynamic geometric patterns than social images. This preference was observed as early as 14 months in infants at-risk for autism, and was associated with a higher risk of developing an autism spectrum disorder.
A new study found that high-risk infants, those with a sibling with autism, showed infrequent gazing at caregivers when unprompted. Despite this, they demonstrated typical cause and effect learning skills. The study suggests that early exposure to simple cause and effect opportunities can aid in development.
A study published in The Lancet reveals that giving newborn babies oral sucrose does not relieve pain, but rather changes their facial expressions. Researchers administered sucrose or sterile water to 59 infants before undergoing heel lances and found no significant difference in brain activity or spinal reflex withdrawal, but a lower ...
Very low birthweight and preterm infants are more likely to die without access to specialized NICU care. A regionalized system of NICUs has improved infant mortality rates since its inception in the 1970s, but progress has been hindered by a decline in Level III hospital births.
A meta-analysis of previous research reveals that very low-birth-weight and very preterm infants have a higher likelihood of neonatal and predischarge death when born at less-specialized hospitals. The study found a significant increase in mortality rates for these high-risk infants, emphasizing the importance of hospital level of care.
Infants born at 37-38 weeks or after 42 weeks have a higher risk of cerebral palsy compared to those delivered at 40 weeks. The risk is significantly higher for babies born at 37 weeks, with a 3.7 times increased risk of cerebral palsy.
A University of Illinois professor has developed a nutritious salmon baby food for toddlers, citing the importance of omega-3 fatty acids for brain development and preventing coronary artery disease. The product's taste was found to be mild and appealing to parents, with an encouraging sensory panel response.
Research suggests that responding to infants' cues is key to better sleep outcomes, contradicting past findings on physical contact. Parents who show disinterest or gentle interactions help children fall asleep faster, while those using stern directives hinder sleep.
A new study has found that male infants are easier to arouse from sleep than female infants at 2-4 weeks of age, but this difference resolves by 2-3 months. The study suggests that the increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in males may not be due to differences in arousability.
A study of over 200,000 deliveries found that late preterm births (34-37 weeks) are associated with a higher risk of severe respiratory illness. The risk decreases with advancing gestational age, with the lowest risk at 38-40 weeks. Early ultrasound confirmation and mode of delivery may help prevent neonatal morbidity.
Babies born between 34 and 37 weeks gestation are more likely to experience respiratory issues, with risks decreasing as gestational age approaches full term. Respiratory distress syndrome was found in 11% of 34-week deliveries and transient tachypnea in 6.4% of the same group.
Research published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health found that maternal affection at 8 months predicts emotional distress in adulthood. The study tracked 482 participants from childhood to adult life, revealing a strong correlation between mother's warmth and child's emotional well-being.
A new research paper proposes a six-step decision-making approach to facilitate shared decision-making between parents and physicians for infants born with genetic or anatomical anomalies in sexual development. The process aims to clarify reasons, identify gaps in understanding, and explore values underlying decisions. By working on th...
A randomized controlled trial found that nitric oxide treatment did not improve overall survival or reduce poor lung development in preterm infants. However, black babies showed a higher survival rate compared to non-black babies. The study suggests that ethnic origin may affect the response to nitric oxide treatment.
Children account for 18% of HIV-related deaths and 15% of infections annually, highlighting the need for improved testing. New approaches, such as routine newborn testing, could help detect more children with HIV in resource-limited settings.
Two studies examine the effects of oral steroids and propranolol on infantile hemangiomas, revealing potential side effects and complications. Researchers aim to develop safer treatment options for this common childhood skin disorder.
A study found that only 51% of HIV-exposed infants in African countries received a minimum dose of nevirapine to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. The study highlights the need for improved service coverage and counseling services to maximize prevention efforts.
A new study from Tel Aviv University suggests that mothers who feed their babies cow's milk in the first 15 days of life may be protecting them from developing an allergy to cow's milk protein later in life. The study found that babies who were fed cow milk protein early, in the form of infant formula, were almost completely protected ...
A new study finds that teaching parents to feed their infants 'responsively' promotes higher acceptance of vegetables and novel foods, while also improving growth patterns among infants. The one-year intervention has implications for long-term obesity prevention by fostering healthier eating habits in early childhood.
A study found that the human brain regions growing during infancy and childhood are similar to those with the most changes when comparing humans to apes and monkeys. This research helps assess adverse effects of premature birth on brain development, including increased risks of learning disabilities and cognitive impairments.
Researchers at The Chinese University of Hong Kong have identified biomarkers in preterm infants' blood that can detect late-onset septicemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. These findings may help diagnose preterm infants requiring urgent treatment, reducing the risk of life-threatening conditions.
Cincinnati Children's Hospital researchers have identified molecular signatures that can classify the vast majority of patients with biliary atresia as inflamed or fibrotic. This helps determine the 'stage' of liver disease, allowing for tailored treatments and potential new therapies.
Women who enrolled in WIC during their first or second trimester were less likely to introduce cow's milk too soon than those who enrolled later. This study highlights the importance of timely nutrition reinforcement for low-income mothers and their children's health.
A recent study by University of Calgary professor Charlene Elliott found that 53% of baby and toddler foods have excessive sugar content, with over half meeting the criteria for poor nutritional quality. The study also revealed a 'halo effect' in adult perceptions of these products, highlighting the need to carefully examine ingredient...
Research published in Archives of Disease in Childhood found that informal childcare arrangements significantly reduced the likelihood of breastfeeding, affecting all strata of society. Around a third of infants were breastfed for at least four months.
A new study indicates that babies born vaginally have bacterial communities resembling their mother's vaginal bacteria, while C-section newborns have common skin bacterial communities. This finding has potential implications for infant health as they grow and develop.
A study by Dr. Regina Sullivan and colleagues reveals that abusive mothering in rat pups leads to disrupted social behavior and increased engagement of the amygdala, a region involved in regulating stress and emotion. The findings provide insights into the neurobiological origins of psychopathology stemming from abuse.
A 10-year study of a chimp community in Uganda found that chimpanzees violently kill individuals from neighboring groups to expand their own territory. The researchers witnessed 18 fatal attacks and found signs of three others, with the Ngogo chimpanzees expanding their territory by 22%.
A new study suggests that a father's involvement before birth may play an important role in preventing death during the first year of life. Infants born to absent fathers were more likely to experience lower birth weights, preterm births, and small size, as well as higher rates of neonatal mortality.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that giving antiretroviral drugs to HIV-infected breastfeeding mothers is as effective as administering an HIV-fighting syrup to their babies in preventing HIV transmission. Both methods were shown to increase infant HIV-free survival rates.
A study on child survival in rural Bangladesh found that mother's death massively reduces child's chances of survival to age 10 years. The father's death has a negligible effect on child mortality rates, with the greatest impact seen in children aged 2-12 months whose mothers had died.
A study by the American Society of Nephrology found that growth hormone therapy improved growth and bone mineral density in infants with chronic kidney failure. Infants treated with growth hormone grew an average of 5.7 inches, while those without treatment grew only 3.7 inches.
A national study found that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment may be a viable alternative to routine intubation and surfactant administration in preterm infants. Infants treated with CPAP required less frequent intubation, fewer days on ventilators, and fewer steroid drugs after birth.
A new meta-analysis of individual patient data found that high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has outcomes comparable to conventional ventilation for preterm infants, without increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or brain damage. The study included 3229 participants and analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials.
A recent study by Nationwide Children's Hospital sheds light on the deadly bowel disease necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in infants born with complex congenital heart disease. The research reveals that neonates undergoing the hybrid procedure have a lower risk of NEC compared to those receiving the Norwood procedure.
A study published in JAMA found that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most commonly detected virus among Kenyan children with severe pneumonia. RSV was associated with increased risk of admission with severe disease, suggesting that vaccination may offer significant public health benefits.
Research published in PLOS Medicine found an association between greater early-infancy gains in weight and length and genetic markers for adult obesity risk. Early infancy weight gain is also linked to increased risk of overweight and obesity in children globally.
Researchers found RSV was the predominant virus detected among infants and children hospitalized with severe pneumonia in Kenya. The study suggests that RSV vaccination may offer considerable public health benefit, potentially reducing all-cause clinically severe or very severe pneumonia admissions by one-third.
USF researchers recommend delaying umbilical cord clamping to increase the transfer of stem cells, which may help prevent anemia and other health problems in newborns. The study suggests that this delay can be beneficial for pre-term infants and those born in areas with limited access to healthcare.
A study found that three commonly used symptom-reflux association analysis (SAA) parameters often disagree on diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants. The results show a significant discrepancy between the parameters, highlighting the need for a combination of diagnostic methods to accurately diagnose GERD in infants.
Researchers discovered that newborns can learn and respond to tones while asleep, a finding that could lead to early identification of infants at risk for developmental disorders such as autism and dyslexia. The study used EEG recordings to measure brain waves and found that 24 of 26 babies showed neural activity during sleep.
Researchers found that higher oxygen levels in preterm infants improve survival rates, but also increase the risk of retinopathy of prematurity. A new treatment using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is as effective as traditional ventilator therapy and may result in fewer complications.
Research published in Archives of Disease in Childhood found that giving infants a small amount of sucrose or glucose before immunization significantly reduced crying and pain. Healthcare professionals are recommended to consider using these solutions as an analgesic during painful procedures.
A University of Illinois study reveals that breast milk induces unique genetic pathways in infants, differing from those in formula-fed babies. The discovery sheds light on the immune-protective components of breast milk and its role in intestinal development.
Rotavirus vaccination effectively reduces cases of severe rotavirus disease by 72-93% and all cases of diarrhoea by 76-67%. The vaccines are not associated with increased serious adverse events.
A new study published in Psychological Science found that physical contact from a female experimenter increases financial risk taking in adults. The researchers suggest that this effect is due to the way mothers use touch to make their babies feel secure, creating a sense of attachment and increased willingness to take risks.
A recent study found that surgical lens replacement in infants with congenital cataract leads to more complications than contact lenses. The study, which included 114 infants, showed no short-term visual benefit from implanted lenses and increased risk of additional operations.
Scientists present evidence that imprinted genes from the father may promote excessive resource allocation to the fetus, while those from the mother are more conservative. This could lead to sex-dependent differences in disease risk and outcomes.
Researchers found that giving breastfeeding mothers DHA supplements increased DHA levels in their breast milk by almost 12 times, providing a boost to premature infants' brain development. This effective way of providing DHA supports optimal growth and neurodevelopment for preterm babies.
A randomized, controlled study found that probiotics supplemented in enteral feedings of extremely low birthweight infants (ELBW) led to better weight gain compared to those without supplementation. No adverse effects were reported.
Researchers have identified key eye characteristics to determine which premature infants are most likely to benefit from early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity, resulting in improved vision and reduced risk of blindness. This new approach aims to improve the lives of thousands of children born prematurely each year.
A clinical study found that intensive breastfeeding support for obese women significantly improves breastfeeding success rates and infant health outcomes, including lower hospitalization rates for respiratory infections. The study involved 154 overweight or obese women who received either standard information or intensive peer counseli...
A study published in Experimental Biology and Medicine reports the discovery of periodic heart rate decelerations in premature human infants. The researchers developed a mathematical model based on Hopf bifurcation theory to describe the dynamics of these decelerations, which are statistically correlated with impending sepsis in neonates.
Research found that extremely preterm infants have abnormal lung function and are twice as likely to have asthma. Lung function impairment persists into middle childhood, especially those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Early monitoring and treatment can minimize long-term respiratory problems.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found a successful pilot program increasing HPV vaccination rates from 0 to 44% among post-partum women. The study suggests that OB/GYN clinics can play a key role in vaccinating eligible adults, particularly pregnant and post-partum women.
Experts recommend including interventions that reduce weight gain in mothers-to-be and increase breastfeeding time to create a comprehensive anti-obesity program. This approach has the potential to alter the course of the childhood obesity epidemic, particularly among low-income children and ethnic minorities.