Articles tagged with Infants
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that breastfeeding for at least 28 days is associated with a 20% lower risk of dying between 28 days and one year of age. Longer breastfeeding duration also showed a similar benefit, indicating that even moderate breastfeeding can have a positive impact on infant mortality rates.
A study found that babies described as difficult eaters or overeaters are more likely to eat when their mother handles food and feed themselves after receiving a bite. This relationship was not seen in non-problem eater children, suggesting an innate link to social cues.
A recent study by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center suggests that human milk can significantly reduce the risk of severe infections in extremely low birth weight infants. The research analyzed data from 1270 infants and found that those who received human milk had a lower incidence of sepsis compared to those who did not.
A study found that furosemide inhalation alleviated severe breathlessness in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additionally, researchers developed a new model for neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy.
The University of Pittsburgh is developing a heart assist device for infants with severe congenital heart defects, utilizing suspended magnetic levitation technology and miniaturization. The goal is to create a bridge-to-transplant device that allows infants to recover or survive until a donor heart becomes available.
Research found that women who received dental x-rays during pregnancy had a higher risk of having low birth weight infants, especially term low birth weight (TLBW) infants. The study suggested that eliminating all dental radiography during pregnancy could reduce the prevalence of TLBW infants by up to five percent.
A simple, inexpensive blood test performed at birth can screen for immune disorders like SCID and increase survival rates. The test, which costs $50, identifies infants with a profound deficiency of lymphocytes and has been shown to be effective in identifying children with other immune disorders.
Most families enrolled in early intervention programs report a satisfactory experience, but face challenges such as long wait times and limited access. The study highlights the need for improved systems to support families with children at risk of disabilities.
Research suggests that community-acquired pneumonia patients who are discharged from the hospital may face a higher risk of mortality in the subsequent 2-3 years if they have certain predictors, such as increasing age and cardiovascular disease. The study also found no excess mortality in younger patients without accompanying diseases.
A study found that infants fed protein hydrolysate formula for seven months developed a taste preference for the formula, while those fed standard milk-based formula rejected it. Early flavor exposure influences long-term food choices.
Researchers found no signs of impending brain injury from fetal heart rate monitoring, highlighting the need for alternative diagnostic methods. White matter brain injury is a common cause of cerebral palsy, but current monitoring systems may not be effective in detecting it.
Research reveals that prenatal alcohol exposure can cause slower processing speeds and arousal-regulation problems as early as infancy. Infants of mothers who consumed large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy showed higher levels of behavioral arousal but responded more slowly to stimuli.
Research found that how couples manage parenting responsibilities when their child is 6 months old affects the quality of their marriage when their child is 3 years old. Couples who had a good relationship with each other as infants but struggled with parenting conflicts were more likely to have poorer couple relationships later on.
A study published in The Lancet found that subdural hemorrhages in full-term babies are rare and typically resolve on their own. The research suggested that forceps-assisted deliveries and other trauma during birth may increase the risk of bleeding, but even then, it is usually not a cause for concern.
A recent UCSF study found that pediatricians' clinical judgment may be more effective than strict adherence to guidelines in managing febrile illnesses in infants. The study analyzed data from 3,066 infants and found that experienced clinicians using clinical judgment may reduce unnecessary hospitalizations and improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that 36% of infants were hospitalized, while 64% received treatment outside the hospital. Despite guideline non-adherence, infant mortality rates remained low.
A study in St. Louis, MO found that nearly half of poor African-American babies shared a bed with their mother, increasing SIDS risk. Providing safe cribs to these families reduced this risk by 78%.
Researchers found that mothers' brain activity increased when shown pictures of their own babies compared to others, indicating involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in maternal attachment. The study's findings suggest a link between positive emotions and maternal bonding.
Infants begin to grasp intentional action in the first year, understanding actions as goal-directed and recognizing invisible connections between people and objects. This early knowledge lays the foundation for later developments in understanding intentions.
Researchers found that manual techniques can reduce permanent brachial plexus damage in babies by up to 50% compared to episiotomies. This approach also minimizes severe perineal injuries in mothers. The study suggests a safer and more effective alternative for managing severe shoulder dystocia during childbirth.
A four-year study published by Ohio State University researchers found that attempting a vaginal birth after C-section (VBAC) is associated with increased risk of maternal morbidity and serious obstetric complications. Despite this, many women continue to opt for VBAC due to the relatively low level of risk involved.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that infants born over the weekend had a slightly elevated risk of stillbirth and neonatal death compared to those born on weekdays. The researchers suggested that selective timing of low-risk elective deliveries may explain this difference.
Recent studies suggest that pediatric influenza is a significant medical problem, causing excess hospitalizations and antibiotic prescriptions. Experts call for increased efforts to identify and vaccinate high-risk children, as well as educating parents and physicians about the importance of flu vaccination.
A European study has identified major risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), including prone sleeping positions and household smoking. These avoidable risk factors suggest a basis for further reductions in SIDS incidence rates through changes in infant sleep arrangements and environmental habits.
Research suggests that direct-quality indicators based on patient mortality are more effective in selecting high-performing hospitals for VLBW infants. The study found that hospitals with lower past mortality rates had significantly better outcomes, implying that volume-based standards may not accurately predict quality.
A new study by William Checkley and colleagues found that water and sanitation are key determinants of infant health in developing countries. The research, conducted on 230 Peruvian infants, revealed that inadequate water and sanitation can lead to higher rates of diarrheal episodes and stunted growth.
Environmental samples from food factories and households contained E. sakazakii, highlighting the need for preventive control measures. Health professionals should follow recommendations to handle reconstituted powdered infant formulas with care.
Researchers found that infants with reduced interferon gamma production at age 3 months and lower soluble CD14 levels at birth are 4.5 times more likely to develop recurrent wheezing. Chronic cough is also linked to abnormal release of inflammatory mediators within the airway, according to a separate study.
The use of rubella vaccine has increased globally, with 124 countries using it in their immunization programs by 2002. Surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome remains a concern, with incomplete reporting and estimated cases being only 0.1% of true total.
The incidence of pertussis among infants increased significantly between 1980 and 1999, with a 49% rise in reported cases. The majority of these cases occurred among infants under four months old, suggesting the need for improved vaccination strategies to control the spread of the disease.
Researchers found that early treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in high-risk infants can prevent severe vision loss. The ETROP study demonstrated that premature infants who receive therapy in the early stage of the disease retain better vision than those who wait until their condition is more advanced.
The Duct Busters team repairs patent ductus arteriosus in premature newborns with high-quality surgical care, eliminating transport risks and allowing families to stay in familiar environments. The study found no significant differences in anesthesia-related complications or surgical outcomes between on-site and off-site procedures.
Researchers found that early treatment reduced the likelihood of poor vision from 19.5% to 14.5% and structural damage from 15.6% to 9.1% in high-risk premature infants. The study, published in the Archives of Ophthalmology, identified risk factors for ROP and showed that prompt treatment can prevent severe vision loss.
A five-year study in Germany found that early ultrasound screening reduced the number of subsequent hip operations from 147 to around 80-100. However, the effectiveness depends on timely screening before six weeks of age.
Research using fMRI scans found left-hemisphere activation in infant brains during speech stimulation, suggesting early language lateralization. The study challenges the long-held assumption that language dominance is progressive until puberty.
Researchers used fMRI to study infants with documented brain injury and found early evidence of left-hemisphere-dominant activation patterns during speech processing. This challenges the long-held assumption that language lateralization is progressive until puberty, instead suggesting a more complex process.
Research published in Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders reveals that adopted Chinese children develop English language skills comparable to those of native-born peers. By age two, most children showed no evidence of delay and some had larger vocabularies.
A study found that nitric oxide can prevent lung disease and death in premature infants by reducing the risk of severe bleeding into the brain. The treatment, which involves adding small amounts of nitric oxide to oxygen, has been shown to improve survival rates and reduce the need for long-term ventilation.
A study of 327 infants found chorioamnionitis increases CP risk by 4 times, with maternal black ethnicity and older age also associated. Chorioamnionitis was present in 14% of cases and controls.
Researchers identified several factors that may enable or prevent HIV transmission through breastfeeding, including the hostile environment of saliva and immune activation in the gastrointestinal tract. Protective factors include natural killer cells, natural antibodies, and specific antibody responses.
Research conducted by Yale University found that most breastfed infants experience little decline in blood serotonin levels after their mothers take Prozac. The study suggests that women should weigh factors such as postpartum depression severity and breastfeeding commitment when considering antidepressant medication.
A new study suggests that maternal circulating cells can migrate to the heart of infants, potentially causing a damaging immune response. The research, led by Dr. Anne Stevens, found that these cells were present at higher levels in the hearts of babies with neonatal lupus syndrome, which can cause severe heart damage.
Researchers found that more socially involved female baboons had higher reproductive success rates and lower infant mortality. This contradicts the long-held assumption that social relationships are only beneficial for mothers.
Researchers found high interleukin-1 levels in SIDS brains, which could disrupt vital brain functions and lead to sudden infant death. The study's findings may help explain the complex cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
An asthma intervention study showed a 60% reduction in total hospitalizations among patients with frequent asthma exacerbations. Researchers also found that initial use of three antibiotics followed by diagnostic testing led to better patient survival and reduced antibiotic use for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Additionally, prematu...
A study of premature infants found that human milk, fortified in-hospital, was comparable to nutrient-enriched formula for growth and development. The study tracked the progress of 463 premature infants under four pounds at birth, showing better visual acuity outcomes with human milk.
A study found that alcohol's reinforcing properties in rodent infants are due to its pharmacological effects, independent of smell or taste. This suggests that animals and people may find alcohol rewarding for the same reasons throughout their development, with implications for human brain development and behavior.
Researchers developed vaccines based on human and chimpanzee adenoviruses to protect newborns against viral diseases. These oral vaccines have the potential to be effective even with waning maternal antibodies, offering a crucial solution for infants in developing countries.
New research from Saint Louis University shows that babies under 8 months are at highest risk of death in adult beds due to lack of motor skills to escape safety threats. The study recommends cribs as the safest option for babies' sleep, and calls for a public awareness campaign to alert parents.
Researchers found that 12-month-old infants looked longer at the ball approaching a helpful square, indicating they differentiated between the movies. This suggests that infants have ideas about what type of action would be more likely for the ball given its previous interactions.
A long-term study found that nevirapine sustained a 41% reduction in HIV infection risk compared to azidothymidine (AZT) in infants born to breastfeeding mothers. The regimen showed significant cost savings, approximately 70 times less than AZT treatment.
A single-dose nevirapine regimen significantly decreased the risk of HIV-1 transmission from mother to child by 47% compared to a zidovudine regimen. The regimen was found to be safe and effective in all study mothers up to six weeks after delivery and for all babies up to 18 months of age.
Researchers found that infants as young as four months old learn object concepts through visual observation, not manual exploration. The study used eye-tracking experiments to show that babies quickly grasp fundamental concepts by watching objects in motion.
Purdue University's David Ertmer created an interactive website to monitor early speech development in children with hearing impairments. The site provides audio examples of baby jargon, such as babbling and squealing, to help parents recognize progress in their child's speech development.
Researchers found that infant falls can produce significant rotational forces that cause widespread and serious brain injury, including internal bleeding and nerve cell damage. This challenges the assumption that children respond similarly to head trauma as adults.
A recent CDC study reveals that elderly individuals are at a higher risk of severe complications from dengue infection, including hospitalization and hemorrhagic fever. Clinicians must conduct thorough clinical examinations to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment, which can lead to further complications.
Researchers found that rotational deceleration increases with higher falls and harder surfaces, leading to more severe diffuse brain injuries. Inflicted impacts on hard surfaces are likely to cause subdural hemorrhage and possibly diffuse axonal injury.
Researchers investigated how babies up to six months old perceive moving objects behind screens, finding that they initially don't see continuity until four months old. This suggests that babies develop their perceptual abilities with age rather than being born with them.
Researchers found that inhibited temperaments show a greater brain response to unfamiliar faces, while uninhibited individuals exhibit less. The study's findings support the theory that temperamental differences relate to amygdala function and persist into adulthood.
A study of 213 premature babies found that brain damage was most likely caused by prematurity and infections. The research revealed that even with advances in medical care, such as electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, the incidence of cerebral palsy and other problems has remained unchanged.