Articles tagged with Economic Decision Making
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge discovered that the default mode network plays a crucial role in switching to 'autopilot' during familiar tasks. The DMN enables fast and accurate responses by leveraging memory associations, suggesting an essential function beyond mere daydreaming.
Researchers found that two psychological approaches, peer comparison and accountable justification, significantly reduced inappropriate antibiotic prescribing rates. However, when these interventions were removed after a year, some clinicians' bad habits returned, highlighting the need for long-term adoption of nudges to maintain bette...
The Obama and Trump administrations have produced vastly different environmental assessment results related to the Clean Water Act. A systematic protocol for government cost-benefit analyses of proposed regulations is urgently needed to ensure better decision-making on human health and environmental issues.
A new study by Martin G. Kocher and colleagues reveals that groups are more likely to behave unethically than individuals, with honest participants often deciding to misreport in a team setting. The researchers attribute this phenomenon to the exchange of arguments over the validity of honesty norms, which leads to a shift in behavior.
The National Science Foundation has awarded a $1.6M grant to UC Davis to analyze the complex relationships between surface water and groundwater supply, agricultural land use and economic wellbeing of rural, disadvantaged communities. The project aims to provide new insights for other regions facing similar issues and help local commun...
A study by researchers at the University of Zurich found that chronic lack of sleep leads to increased risk-taking behavior in young adults. After sleeping only 5 hours a night for a week, participants displayed significantly riskier behavior, including taking greater financial risks.
Sandro Ambuehl, an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, has received a three-year grant to investigate the impact of nudges on financial decision-making. He will collaborate with Stanford University economist B. Douglas Bernheim on the project.
Researchers analyze coupling relationship between urbanization and eco-environment, finding external elements dominate metabolic structure. This leads to accelerated drop in metabolic emergy intensity and increased environmental load. The study provides quantitative reference points for effective decision-making.
A collaborative effort between psychologists and economists reveals that combining both disciplines leads to better understanding of decisions. The research focuses on individuals' expectations for major life events, such as finding work or having children, and shows that teens are capable of estimating numerical probabilities with acc...
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that exposure to body cues can encourage overweight consumers to overspend. High-body-mass-index consumers were more likely to make indulgent spending decisions after seeing a thin shape.
Researchers used deep learning and machine learning techniques to analyze S&P 500 data, achieving statistically significant and economically substantial returns. The findings challenge the efficient-market hypothesis and suggest AI can excel in times of high volatility.
Researchers found that tropical bed bugs can climb out of smooth-walled traps more effectively than US common bed bugs due to unique adaptations. This discovery has significant implications for monitoring and managing bed bug infestations.
Research reveals that people deliberately avoid information that challenges their beliefs, leading to harm in individual wellbeing and societal polarization. By understanding the reasons behind information avoidance, governments and firms can develop effective strategies to reach their audiences.
A new study reveals that preferential trade agreements can enhance global commodity trade growth, but at the cost of reducing its resilience to economic shocks. The research highlights the need for policymakers to consider both short-term and long-term growth and resilience in their decision-making.
A systematic review from UAB found that elective repeat cesarean deliveries are associated with excess morbidity and cost. The study suggests that women with certain characteristics, such as obesity or a short inter-pregnancy interval, should be carefully screened for trial of labor after cesarean delivery eligibility.
A new study by Duke University found that increasing politicians' pay does not encourage more working-class people to run for office. Research shows that high-paying jobs attract professionals rather than lower-paid individuals, making it difficult for blue-collar workers to break into politics.
Researchers have applied physics models to understand economic systems, but results show that universal features may be the exception rather than the rule. Econophysics has led to discoveries like the inverse cubic law describing stock price fluctuations.
The DFG is establishing 14 new Collaborative Research Centres to investigate topics such as the practices of comparison, neutrinos, dark matter, and the robustness of vision. The CRCs will receive a total of €117.4 million in funding over an initial four-year period.
A Princeton-led study explores how people form impressions from facial appearances, finding that exposure to different faces influences what is perceived as typical and evaluates positively. The results suggest that social meaning is imbued in faces based on their statistical position relative to an individual's learned central tendency.
A new study from Ohio State University found that political factors, particularly presidential administrations, are the primary drivers of rising income inequality in the US. The research used IRS data to analyze economic and political factors contributing to inequality over 33 years.
Researchers examine how large payments are necessary to induce landowners to accept conservation contracts, considering permanent and temporary options. The study reveals that permanent lump-sum payments need to be higher due to 'loss of option value,' while linking carbon payments to profits reduces uncertainty and hesitation.
The Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine developed new recommendations to improve the quality of cost-effectiveness analyses. The key changes include performing analyses from two reference case perspectives and providing an impact inventory to clarify included consequences. These updates aim to promote the continue...
Experimental trials reveal that two-thirds of test persons are insensitive to group size when making decisions. This insensitivity can lead to enormous social costs as politicians and medical practitioners make decisions that benefit a few at the expense of large groups.
Researchers suggest that standardizing health insurance plans could alleviate the psychological and financial stress of choosing a plan, making it easier for consumers to understand their options. The proposal aims to create simple products that are easy to comprehend, reducing costly mistakes.
A study found that lean men who experience low blood sugar are less fair in their economic decision-making, especially when it comes to hiring and salary decisions involving obese individuals. This bias can lead to employment disparities and unfair treatment of corpulent people in the workplace.
Researchers at the University of Chicago found that trading experience reduces emotional pain associated with selling, leading to a decrease in the endowment effect. Brain scans showed reduced activity in areas linked to negative emotions and anticipation of losses.
A new study published in The Journal of Urology found that non-Hispanic black men were more likely than white men to begin active treatment for low-risk prostate cancer, independent of clinical measures. Ethnicity influenced this decision, suggesting a need for greater attention to race/ethnicity in disease management.
A recent study found that biodiversity loss is no longer within the safe limit in most parts of the world. The greatest changes have happened in areas where most people live, affecting physical and psychological wellbeing. Conservation efforts are needed to preserve remaining natural vegetation and restore human-used lands.
Scientists clarify difference between 'tipping point' and 'critical threshold' in climate system, highlighting potential for social tipping elements to trigger economic shocks. Researchers propose research agenda to study social and economic consequences of climatic tipping elements.
A study by the University of Bonn reveals that when participants were given the freedom to set prices themselves, their brains showed increased activation in the lingual gyrus, an area associated with social stimuli. This suggests that social considerations, such as fairness, played a significant role in their decision-making process.
Researchers found that neurons in a small brain area, the orbitofrontal cortex, assign values to options and re-map to make different decisions when circumstances change. This neural circuit is remarkably stable while allowing for flexibility in individual neurons.
Behavioral economists develop theoretical model explaining humans' drive to make sense of lives and worlds, influencing curiosity, boredom, confirmation bias, and decision-making. The model also sheds light on phenomena like political polarization and emotionally charged beliefs.
A study published in Tourism Management found that personal photos of Airbnb hosts are critical to their business success, affecting consumers' decisions and prices. The research suggests that the level of trust inferred from a host's photo has a stronger impact on consumer choice than reputation.
Research shows that people who face uncertain outcomes may prioritize high-risk options even when unrelated to romance. This study found that exposure to unfavorable sex ratios led participants to make riskier financial decisions, such as investing more in a single high-stakes option.
The report from MGH and Partners HealthCare examines the first decade of a Shared Decision Making Program, which aims to match patients with the right treatment at the right time. The program has seen significant increases in patient engagement and clinician confidence, particularly after integrating decision aids into routine care.
New research from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business suggests that people are more likely to opt for inferior gifts if it maximizes overall benefits for themselves and their loved ones. In a series of experiments, researchers found that participants prioritized total benefits over selflessness when making decisions abou...
A new paper finds that millennials still want to own homes but face obstacles like high student loan debt, low credit ratings, and delayed marriage and children. This delay may lead to a more sustainable and financially stable homeownership in the future.
A new study in PNAS suggests that environmental scholars can increase their policy impact by consulting widely with stakeholders during research. Stakeholder engagement is found to be a better predictor of future policy impacts than perceived scientific credibility.
The Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on the Ocean has released a set of analytical data products that will improve the scientific basis for regional ocean decision-making. The data, which include information on marine animal distribution, human use patterns, and ocean features, will help stakeholders make informed management decisions.
A recent study by Carnegie Mellon University found that small changes to tax notices can significantly increase EITC participation. The study showed that making the layout cleaner and displaying the potential credit amount in the headline led to a higher response rate.
The village of Ceren shows significant interactions among families and villagers in daily life, challenging traditional top-down societies. Archaeological evidence indicates the villagers had free reign regarding architecture, crop choices, and economics.
A new Tel Aviv University study suggests that following one's heart can lead to greater job satisfaction and personal fulfillment. The research found that young people with strong callings are more likely to take risks and achieve success in their chosen fields, regardless of their inherent talent.
The UC3M is investigating a system that replicates human behavior. This technology could be used to predict social crises, create more realistic robots and AI avatars. The project aims to understand individual behavior using experiments with thousands of participants.
The article provides a comprehensive overview of marketing channel systems, tracing their evolution from two-party relationships to networks of channels and multiple platforms. Key findings include the impact of globalization, e-commerce technologies, and big data on channel decisions.
A study by researchers at National Taiwan University found that consumers purchase fresh flowers for gifts primarily due to the economic, social, and expressive values of the flower. The study revealed that financial capability does not influence the likelihood of givers purchasing fresh flowers as gifts.
A new Duke University study reveals that adolescents aged 10 to 16 can be more analytical in their economic choices than slightly older young adults. Researchers found that teens carefully weigh decisions, using cost-benefit analysis skills, while young adults rely on simple rules.
New research shows that increased US border enforcement alters traditional settlement patterns, leading more Mexican immigrants to settle in states beyond the borders. For every 1,000 additional border patrol agents, a state's share of Mexican immigrants declined by nearly 22 percentage points.
A recent study assesses e-waste recycling's economic potential and finds it worth billions of euros, with potential revenues expected to rise from €2 billion in 2014 to €3.5 billion by 2020. The recycling industry also aims to reduce environmental pollution by conserving virgin resources.
A new study in the Journal of International Marketing found that companies need both planning and improvisation in their export decisions. Improvisation is a prevalent method of decision-making in exporting, but there is no one 'best way' to make effective export decisions.
A new UT Dallas study found that commercial bank regulators consider non-monetary factors, such as property holdings and political pressure, when deciding to close a troubled bank. Regulators resist closing very large and small banks due to potential future costs, while those with significant assets are more likely to remain open.
Recent progress in AI has driven significant advancements in machine learning, language processing, and human-like computer programs. Researchers discuss potential implications for humankind, including challenges to privacy, equality, and the public good.
Gathering data on specific questions is the most effective way to support SDGs, says Keith Shepherd and colleagues. They propose five key principles: replacing targets with measures of return on investment and modeling intervention decisions.
A study by researchers at University of Illinois found that groundwater from three major aquifers is crucial for food security, with 91% of embodied water staying within the US. Unsustainable usage threatens domestic food supply and global markets.
A new approach uses economic value to help achieve a sustainable future by valuing nature's ecosystem services. The world's gross domestic product has increased nearly 60 times since the start of the Industrial Revolution, but this growth comes at the expense of natural stewardship.
A study found that consumers reduce product variety when budgets shrink, prioritizing favorite items over others. This 'budget contraction effect' can lead to riskier investment decisions during economic downturns.
A group of scientists, economists, and agriculture experts is working together to develop sustainable farming practices that minimize environmental pollution. The goal is to increase food production while ensuring farmers can make a living and the environment remains healthy.
A study using agent-based modeling found that providing systems to low-income households at little or no cost would have done more to stimulate rooftop solar system adoption than the current incentive-based approach. Increasing economic benefits and peer influence also showed modest effects on adoption rates.
Research by University of Missouri professor Chris Robert found that people tend to overestimate the likelihood of new technologies' success, influencing important decisions. This phenomenon, known as the 'technology effect,' is driven by constant exposure to technology and associations with successful outcomes.
Lirong Xia receives $524,989 grant to investigate computational mechanisms that improve individual contributions to collective decision making processes, including crowd-sourcing and online 'noise answers'. His research focuses on improving social choice mechanisms to handle large numbers of alternatives.
Researchers at the University of Bonn found that traffic light labels are more effective in helping consumers resist high-calorie foods than traditional nutrition labels. The study participants were willing to pay significantly more for healthy products with green labels and less for unhealthy products with red labels.