Articles tagged with Market Economics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A University of Missouri study found that cross-owned television stations produce more local programming news content, with an average of 4-8% more coverage than non-cross-owned stations. Cross ownership also leads to 25% more coverage of local and state politics.
A new study funded by the Economic and Social Research Council found that foreign retailers can provide workers with opportunities to prosper and improve their skills in Chinese subsidiaries. Contrary to expectations, job satisfaction was high among employees in apparently menial jobs, such as checkout staff and warehouse workers.
Research funded by ESRC suggests that UK businesses are under-investing in intangible assets, which could be the reason for stagnant productivity. Investing in intangibles such as software, research, and branding can increase productivity, making traditional measurement techniques inadequate.
A mathematical model measures the value people place on distributive justice, revealing a willingness to sacrifice 20% of disposable income. The study also found that education and race significantly impact the value placed on equity, with educated whites placing the highest value.
Professor Paul J.J. Welfens has received the economics prize from the Russian Academy of Sciences for his work on macro-economic theory and policy. He specializes in these areas at Wuppertal University's Department of Economics.
The Russian economy is experiencing rapid growth driven by a thriving middle class, but this has led to widening income disparities and growing poverty. Forecasting growth or recession beyond 2011 is hazardous, as the country faces challenges in increasing energy production and exports.
A recent Cornell University study suggests that eating at healthy restaurants like Subway can lead to consuming more calories than similar meals from fast-food chains like McDonald's. Consumers tend to overestimate the calorie counts of healthier options and order more side dishes, resulting in a higher overall caloric intake.
A RAND Corporation study reveals a sharp decline in undiagnosed diabetes cases among American men over the past 25 years, with ethnic disparities largely eliminated. The study also found that education levels play a significant role in diabetes diagnosis, with those having less education being less likely to receive accurate diagnoses.
A study by Craig J. Thompson and Gokcen Coskuner-Balli explores how Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) has thrived as a counterexample to the corporate co-optation of organic food movement, offering a viable market niche for small farmers and a means for consumers to engage in unconventional marketplace practices.
A RAND Corporation study finds that women-owned small businesses are underrepresented in more than half of industry categories when measured by total contract awards. However, their representation is not significant when measured by dollar value of contracts awarded.
A new report from the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies explores the potential of nanotechnology to build an environmentally sustainable society. The report highlights several promising applications, including the use of nanoparticles to clean up toxic waste sites and reduce lead emissions in electronics manufacturing.
A Cornell University study found that graduate students ate 27% less chicken wings when they could see leftover bones accumulating on their table, compared to tables where food was cleared. The study suggests using environmental cues like empty glasses or bottles to curb overeating and overdrinking at social gatherings.
The World Wildlife Fund report reveals a significant growth in farmed salmon, leading to decreased wild salmon supply and economic impacts on fishermen. The study recommends harmonizing regulatory food safety standards and providing accurate information about salmon issues.
China's growing investment in nanoscience aims to capture a significant share of the $3 trillion global nanotech market. The country plans to increase its research and development capabilities over the next 15 years, with a focus on emerging technologies like nanotechnology.
A study by Durham University found that nearly two-thirds of English mortgage holders have almost all their savings tied to their home. This means nearly a quarter are taking a diversified approach, balancing investments between home ownership and other financial portfolios.
A new study by Cornell University researchers found that sad people tend to overeat comfort foods, but those with nutritional information curtail their consumption. In contrast, happy individuals already avoid excessive eating and are not influenced by nutrition labels.
New research shows that chain stores' national pricing strategies can boost variety and choice for consumers, particularly in areas with lower average wages and older populations. This approach can also support public health policy by providing important options for consumers on lower earnings.
A survey of nearly 4,500 people found that 75% had experienced victimization and 64% had engaged in illegal or shady practices. The researchers argue that neo-liberal market reforms have fostered a culture of cynicism and selfishness, eroding traditional values such as the rule of law and trust in institutions.
A recent study by Matthew J. Kotchen found that green markets can crowd out private voluntary donations in sufficiently large economies. This is because consumers' willingness to pay more for environmentally friendly products can increase the level of giving, but also discourage direct donations to environmental causes.
The article highlights the need for effective regulation in markets, arguing that traditional command-and-control approaches are often ineffective. Dieter Helm suggests that market-based instruments like environmental taxes and trade permits can be more efficient and resistant to capture by vested interests.
A recent study by Baicker and Chandra found that a 20% increase in health insurance premiums would reduce the probability of employment by 2.4 percentage points, equivalent to approximately 3.5 million workers. As healthcare costs rise, workers may accept lower wages for costlier health insurance.
A study by Professor Simon Parker and Olufunmilola Ajaji-obe found that self-employed people in the UK work long hours but report higher job satisfaction compared to employees. The researchers also discovered that younger entrepreneurs are more sensitive to new information than older ones, which can impact their retirement decisions.
A new study by Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro finds that media bias arises from a desire to maximize reputation, rather than personal beliefs or values. The authors argue that supporting the growth of independent media in competitive markets can counteract this bias.
Research by Lucian Peppelenbos reveals that Chile's free market economy is built on centuries-old patriarchal structures, providing opportunities for small businesses and unskilled laborers. Despite inefficiencies, this system ensures access to the world market for small farmers.
States that set higher Medicaid payment rates can enhance the program's attractiveness to potential employees, but moderate rate increases have a limited impact on access and use. Reducing fees by five to ten percent may also be an option when state budgets tighten without serious negative consequences.
The study reveals that the informal sector creates most jobs in West African cities, but these occupations are insecure and poorly paid. Underemployment affects 67% of active people, with nearly 2.7 million individuals in this situation.
A two-sided market framework is used to compare the traditional 'Reader Pays' model with the newer 'Author Pays' or Open Access publishing model. The study finds that Open Access appears efficient when distribution costs are minimal, but editorial quality may affect profitability.
Researchers explore how Starbucks influences local markets, fostering a 'third-place' experience, yet also facing criticism for predatory practices. The study reveals complex relationships between consumer behavior, corporate power, and environmental concerns.
A statistical model predicts rapid increase in spinal fractures over time if left untreated, highlighting the importance of intervention before first fracture occurs. The study emphasizes the need for therapy that reduces risk of first fracture within one year to substantially reduce future fracture risk.
The 2003 Starting Salary Survey shows a shift in employment patterns among new chemistry Ph.D. graduates, with more taking lower paying academic positions. Median salaries were lower than previous classes, with bachelor's graduates still below the all-time high.
A majority of US immigrant adults perform at the lowest literacy level, with those having higher literacy proficiencies showing better labor market outcomes and wages.
Research from Imperial College London finds that African cotton markets benefit from a balance between competition and coordination. The study reveals that concentrated, market-based systems have been successful in meeting common challenges while maintaining reasonable prices to consumers.
A significant demographic shift has occurred in the US, delaying the transition to adulthood, as youth are combining roles, exploring options, and gaining education to prepare for a demanding labor force. Marriage and family have not been abandoned, but rather postponed until later ages.
Tuomas Sandholm's work focuses on constructing electronic marketplaces that lead to economically desirable outcomes. His research has led to significant savings for Fortune 500 companies, exceeding $300 million.
A study by Dr Nir Vulkan suggests electronic markets will replace traditional dealer markets unless made more attractive with lower commissions. The research found that 'weak' traders are drawn to anonymous electronic marketplaces, leading to a potential shift of all traders to electronic markets.
Researchers found that stock markets follow distinct power law patterns, which can be used to partially predict market crashes. The patterns are also seen in natural systems such as earthquakes and human language, and are generated by the actions of large market participants.
The report highlights agriculture's significant impact on urban daily life, from green industry to economic benefits and crime reduction. It proposes initiatives for collaboration between agricultural science, higher education, research, and government to remain relevant to society.
The telecommunications industry has transformed into a competitive and lucrative sector, but most companies are still operating on outdated business models. They need to reassess their pricing policies to generate revenue and stay ahead of new competitors.
The region's labor force growth rate was the second-lowest among nine geographic divisions, with women accounting for all 100% of growth during the 1990s. Declining native-born male workers have contributed to record low unemployment rates and growing labor shortages.
A new analysis shows that Actonel reduced the risk of nonvertebral osteoporotic fractures by 74 percent within one year in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The effect was observed as early as six months, and the study included 1172 patients who received either placebo or Actonel 5 mg daily.
A new analysis reveals that early intervention with Actonel significantly reduces the risk of first vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. The study found a 75% decrease in fracture risk among women treated with Actonel, compared to those on placebo.
A new study suggests that global warming could lead to a shift in forest growth patterns, with temperate regions like North America potentially losing market share to subtropical regions. As temperatures rise, softwood species may migrate north and take over hardwood forests, leading to economic losses for growers.
The report counters common views on uncontrolled immigration, citing improved information and matching migrants with employer needs. It suggests an auction-based system for migration permits to better match skills and demands.
A University of Toronto study finds that immigrants receive on average half to two-thirds less in earnings for their educational and work experience than native-born Canadians. To address this issue, a better 'mutual orientation' between immigrants and employers is needed, says Professor Jeffrey Reitz.
A new study by Northeastern University finds that Massachusetts has seen an unprecedented increase in unemployment, with the state's rate rising to over 80% in just over a year. College-educated workers are disproportionately affected, with many facing layoffs in high-tech and engineering fields.
Companies benefit from innovation and cost-savings in urban locations. Researchers found that 75% of innovations originate in cities and companies can share resources with related industries, leading to reduced shipping costs and improved product design.
A recent University of Toronto study found that new immigrants to Canada are significantly worse off financially than earlier generations of newcomers. The study attributes this trend to the rising level of education in native-born Canadians, making it difficult for new immigrants to compete for jobs. As a result, the income gap betwee...
A study by Catherine C. Eckel and Rick K. Wilson found that when people observe a high-status individual, such as a celebrity, they are more likely to choose a cooperative strategy with a better outcome. However, the influence of the celebrity is limited to choosing a good product or one of two equally good products.
The US economy is expected to experience strong growth in the coming years, driven by rising consumer confidence and labor productivity. According to Dr. James Smith, a leading economist, real GDP growth will be around 4.0 percent this year, with some countries such as Argentina and Mexico growing faster than predicted.
A US study by University of Washington social demographers finds that joblessness is the key predictor of violent death among working-age Americans in Chicago. The research analyzed census data and vital records, revealing a strong link between economic disadvantage and mortality rates.
The study estimates ecosystem services' value between $16 and $54 trillion per year, with coastal environments accounting for 43% of this value. The research highlights the importance of valuing ecosystem services in decision-making processes.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers finds that minimum retail prices for products can sometimes lower prices for consumers. In high-demand situations, such as holiday toys, retailers are encouraged to order more units, leading to increased availability and lower prices. This can result in benefits for consumers.
Artificial societies, like Sugarscape, allow researchers to grow certain social structures systematically, uncovering fundamental mechanisms that generate macroscopic social structures. These 'laboratories' enable the study of entire civilizations as they grow, prosper, compete and fail, fundamentally changing social science research.