News on doctoral training and the researchers it produces. Covers PhD and fellowship programs, physician-scientist training, and major training investments.
A research group recommends that patient-reported symptoms and health-related quality of life measures should be assessed in comparative effectiveness studies. This approach is crucial for adequate evaluation of cancer treatments, as patients' experiences directly impact their ability to function and maintain quality of life.
Researchers have identified distinct brain regions involved in social decisions and reactions, shedding light on the neural basis of basic social behaviors. These findings may help address conditions such as autism, psychopathology, and schizophrenia, which involve social dysfunctions.
A recent study published in the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing found that older black patients are three times more likely to suffer poorer outcomes after surgery, including death, when cared for by nurses with higher workloads. The study assessed nearly 548,000 patients and showed a significant increase in mortality rate...
Studies reveal that diet influences brain mechanisms linked to obesity, diabetes, binge eating, and high-calorie meal cravings. Researchers aim to develop new treatments and raise awareness about the mental health implications of dietary choices.
A five-year grant will support early-career scientists and clinicians in a yearlong research fellowship at 17 sites in 13 countries. The program aims to enhance career trajectories, strengthen global health research, and bolster networking among participants.
New research reveals early childhood trauma shapes the brain, leading to changes that can last a lifetime, including increased risk of mental disorders and heart disease. The studies found specific changes in targeted brain regions and emphasize the importance of preventing early life abuse and neglect.
Facial mimicry plays a crucial role in deciphering ambiguous smiles, establishing power dynamics, and evoking emotions. The study also highlights the neurological basis of early interactions between parents and infants with cleft lip.
A randomized control trial found that School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) programs reduced children's aggressive behaviors, office discipline referrals, and improved emotional regulation. SWPBIS aimed to alter student behavior through universal expectations implemented across the school.
New research reveals connections between adolescent brain development and emotional regulation, cognition, and social skills, highlighting potential vulnerabilities and opportunities for growth during the teen years.
Researchers have made significant progress in developing new diagnostic tools and treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Changes in brain function can be detected years before symptoms appear, using PET scans, and a new antibody probe could lead to an early detection test.
New studies using transgenic mice to detect landmines and test dietary supplements for brain injuries show promise in reducing trauma and suffering. Scientists are gaining better understanding of brain damage from injuries, potentially leading to effective early intervention and practical applications.
A single gene variant in donors has been linked to a 69% increased risk for long-term failure of transplanted kidneys. The variant affects the expression of the protein that pumps drugs out of cells, which can be toxic to the kidneys.
The New York Stem Cell Foundation has announced funding of $9 million to six new investigators conducting innovative stem cell and neuroscience research. The award will support these researchers as they establish their own laboratories and expand their work.
Athletes who experience repeated impacts to the head may be at risk of neurological and psychiatric problems. A study of 450 students found that the way concussions are diagnosed varies greatly and may not accurately determine who is at risk.
A Phase I clinical trial demonstrates signs of engraftment and safety at 1 year, with modest gains in neurological function. The study provides encouraging results for the use of transplanted neural stem cells as a potential treatment for severe myelination diseases.
A new study by Haas School of Business Professor Laura Kray finds that female flirting signals attractive qualities like confidence, making them more effective negotiators. Women who use authentic, engaging behavior without serious intent are rated as more effective by their partners.
A study reviews the efficacy and safety of inhaled drugs commonly used in ICU settings, including antibiotics and diuretics. The article discusses the challenges of aerosol drug delivery and advances in devices contributing to its increasing use and success.
A study published in Archives of General Psychiatry found that highly hypnotizable individuals have greater activity in executive-control and salience networks, indicating a neural trait underlying hypnotizability. This advance enables scientists to better understand the mechanisms of hypnosis and its potential for clinical applications.
A study by ESRC found that social scientists with PhDs are more likely to be in senior positions and make valuable contributions to policymaking. They bring a deeper understanding of research methodologies and can deliver pragmatic solutions.
Researchers have discovered a new vaccinia virus that targets triple-negative breast cancer cells, achieving over 90% cell kill and extensive tumor destruction. The virus also inhibits tumor blood vessel growth, offering a potential targeted therapy for this deadly form of breast cancer.
A large study of nearly 200,000 females who received the HPV4 vaccine found that immunization was associated with same-day syncope and skin infections after vaccination. The findings support the general safety of routine vaccination with HPV4 in preventing cervical and other genital cancers.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have identified a genetic mutation responsible for deafness and hearing loss associated with Usher syndrome type 1. The discovery of the CIB2 protein provides new insights into the mechanism of mechano-electrical transduction, which converts mechanical energy into sound.
A team of researchers identified genetic causes of the most common form of breast cancer, Estrogen-Receptor positive Luminal A subtype, providing clues for new therapeutic targets. They also found a molecular similarity between basal-like breast cancers and high-grade serous ovarian tumors.
Researchers have developed a new analysis framework to help clinicians spot 'medically actionable findings' from genetic tests, streamlining the process and providing more timely results. The approach classifies genetic variations into three categories, prioritizing those linked to treatable or preventable conditions.
Researchers at BIDMC and Diagnostics For All have created a simple and reliable point-of-care liver function test that can be conducted for pennies per test. The device uses a droplet of blood from a finger prick to deliver results in 15 minutes, with greater than 90 percent accuracy compared to the gold standard automated platform test.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have found a way to map the spread and structure of the universe using the light of quasars. By analyzing patterns of light variation over time, they were able to calculate the relative size of the universe when the light was emitted, compared to today.
A meta-analysis found a detectable increase in the risk of oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, and female breast cancers associated with light drinking. However, no association was found with colorectum, liver, and larynx cancers.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have mapped the precise order and timing of hundreds of genetic switches required for heart development, offering new clues into the genetic basis for congenital heart disease. The study identifies groups of genes that work together in a coordinated fashion to control heart formation.
Karl Deisseroth's CLARITY approach unites chemical engineering, molecular genetics, and optics to gather detailed information from intact brains, potentially elucidating psychiatric diseases like depression and schizophrenia. The $22.48M award enables his team to continue their research with the potential impact in biomedical science.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have found a small molecule, P5091, that triggers programmed cell death in drug-resistant myeloma cells. Combining P5091 with other therapies enhances its anti-myeloma effects.
The AAO-HNSF 2012 meeting showcased groundbreaking research on smoking cessation, cochlear implants, and the relationship between childhood obesity and otitis media. New findings also explored music-induced hearing loss and the assessment of quality of life in bilateral cochlear implant patients.
Researchers have characterized the lung squamous cell carcinoma genome, identifying commonly known cancer genes and mutations that could be targeted therapeutically. The study, led by UNC Lineberger scientists, paves the way for developing better, more targeted treatments for this devastating disease.
A new study found that patients with common kidney disease IgA nephropathy who have normal kidney function and only minor urinary abnormalities at diagnosis experience remission without special treatments. No patients developed kidney failure over a 20-year follow-up, indicating an excellent prognosis.
myIDP is an interactive online tool that helps scientists prepare individual development plans to reach their career goals. The platform provides exercises, resource lists, and guidance on exploring career options and setting professional development goals.
Researchers have identified a simple blood test that accurately detects autoimmune kidney disease and predicts patient outcomes. The test measures antiPLA2R autoantibodies, which are associated with disease severity and remission rates.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have created a model to study sepsis in newborns, identifying diagnostic markers and potential treatments. The model has shown that even at the earliest hours of life, newborns can mount a robust inflammatory response to bacterial challenge.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have identified Wnt5a as a critical protein for reconstructing glands in the intestinal lining, which is key to repairing damaged gut tissue. The study provides new insights into the process of gut regeneration and potential therapeutic targets for diseases like inflammatory bowel disease.
A clinical trial of Ekso-assisted walking in 13 patients with a range of spinal cord injuries found positive results, including improved gait and balance, increased oxygen consumption, and reduced cardiovascular responses. Long-term studies are needed to fully evaluate the effects.
Researchers highlight RNA's self-assembling properties, but also discuss challenges such as stability and targeting in therapeutic applications. The article provides a detailed review of the field, discussing its potential for treating various diseases.
Between 2000-2008, the proportion of HIV-infected patients in the US receiving effective treatment increased from 54% to 83%, leading to reduced infectiousness and healthier immune systems. This trend was observed across all age groups, regardless of treatment adherence.
A recent study published in Respirology reveals that water pipe smoking can have severe respiratory effects, comparable to those of cigarette smoking. The research, led by Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, found profound impacts on lung function among water pipe smokers and deep inhalation cigarette smokers.
A multi-center study of intensive care units (ICUs) led by UCSF faculty aims to better understand the nature of team-based care and patient involvement in ICU settings. The study, funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, is expected to decrease healthcare costs and improve patient safety.
Researchers analyzed data from US Army vehicle crashes to identify risk factors for injuries involving Humvees. Combat involvement and operating as a gunner posed the greatest risk for injury.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that obese children and adolescents are twice as likely to have gallstone disease compared to those with a normal body mass index. Hispanic youth are more likely to develop gallstones than youth of other races and ethnicities.
Thomas A. Goldstein receives the prestigious prize for his groundbreaking work on split Bregman iteration and its applications in compressed sensing and image processing. The award recognizes his outstanding research in applied mathematics, particularly in numerical methods for optimization problems.
A massive international survey of tobacco use in 3 billion individuals reveals the ongoing threat of tobacco, with industry manipulation and government complicity hindering effective control. The study emphasizes the need for increased resources to implement tobacco control strategies and counter pro-tobacco forces.
Researchers found that abnormal proteins and antibodies in blood levels increase according to disease severity. High antibody levels are associated with higher risk of kidney failure and premature death.
A team of researchers at UC San Diego developed a multi-dimensional set of brain measurements that can accurately assess a child's age. The study, published in Current Biology, shows that the 'developmental clock' within the brain captures age differences well regardless of individual variability.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Baylor College of Medicine developed a small molecule compound, JQ1, that generates reversible birth control in male mice by disrupting spermatogenesis. The study showed a decrease in sperm count and quality without affecting testosterone production or offspring health.
A study estimates that approximately 1 in 93 men and 1 in 133 women of middle age may develop kidney failure in their lifetime. People with reduced kidney function face a higher risk, with men facing a 7.51% chance and women a 3.21%.
Researchers found that B cells from patients with chronic GVHD are more active and resistant to programmed cell death. The study identifies BAFF as a promising target for developing new therapies, such as anti-BAFF agents or small molecule inhibitors.
Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have identified a new class of genes, dubbed CYCLOPS, that may serve as an Achilles' heel for many forms of cancer. These genes, which are essential to all cells but have been disrupted in cancer progression, can be targeted with drug molecules to block cancer cell proliferation.
Anna Csiszar, a renowned expert in cardiovascular aging and cellular oxidative stress resistance, has been awarded the 2012 Nathan Shock New Investigator Award. Her research focuses on understanding the pathways involved in microvascular redox homeostasis, which may lead to prevention or delay of vascular cognitive impairment.
Research published by the American Psychological Association found that girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are significantly more likely to attempt suicide or injure themselves as young adults. The study also found that ADHD in girls can signal future psychological problems and have serious public health implica...
Latrepirdine, a compound initially rejected for Alzheimer's treatment, shows promise in animal models by reducing neurodegeneration-related proteins and activating autophagy. The study suggests potential benefits in treating or preventing disorders associated with high levels of alpha-synuclein.
Scientists have identified a group of blood markers that show consistent findings in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The study found four proteins that correlated with beta-amyloid levels in cerebrospinal fluid, providing potential clues for an early diagnosis.
A UNC-led team describes a previously uncharacterized protein NLRC3 that inhibits NF-Kappa B activation and forms a novel TRAFasome complex. This discovery provides insight into mechanisms controlling inflammation and identifies potential therapeutic targets.
A comprehensive behavioral therapy program has been shown to be effective in reducing tic severity in adults with Tourette syndrome. The study found that 38% of participants who received the treatment showed significant symptom improvement, compared to 6% of those receiving a control treatment.
A recent study examines ambulance diversion in California hospitals, finding that minority populations are more likely to be impacted by ER crowding. The researchers discovered that hospitals serving high numbers of minorities were on diversion for 306 hours, compared to 75 hours at hospitals with fewer minority patients.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes found that levetiracetam, an FDA-approved anti-epileptic drug, reverses memory loss and alleviates other Alzheimer's-related impairments in mice genetically modified to simulate key aspects of the disease. The study shows how levetiracetam suppresses abnormal brain activity and restores memory function.