Articles tagged with Experimentation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent space experiment using the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope has provided evidence about the fundamental structure of space and time. The team confirmed aspects of Einstein's theories of gravity, which unite space and time in the concept of space-time.
N-type channel function is modified by lipids according to new Rittenhouse laboratory findings, supporting the ArA generation hypothesis. The study provides insight into VGCC modulation, shedding light on an oily competition between two hypotheses.
Researchers at UCR manipulated ripples in graphene sheets using thermal manipulation, controlling their orientation, wavelength, and amplitude. This technique enables strain-based graphene electronics, which could have profound implications for electronic devices and magnetic fields.
Theoretical work by SLAC researchers reveals two methods for detecting true muonium's formation and decay in electron-positron accelerators. These methods use relativistic effects to create a stable signature, making observation of the exotic atom feasible. The discovery has the potential to reveal new forms of matter.
A new paper suggests that four specific processes occur only in conscious perception tasks, offering a unique insight into the neural correlates of consciousness. By studying brain activity of patients with epilepsy, researchers isolated four converging electrophysiological markers characterizing conscious access after word perception.
Researchers at NIST developed a practical solution to enhance radio signal power at disaster sites using randomly placed antennas. The study found a significant increase in median received power, with a five-fold gain and a two-and-a-half to four-fold increase when using multiple transmitters.
Scientists discovered that atomic nuclei in NMR experiments behave according to super-adiabaticity, a quantum mechanical concept. This can help improve image resolution and potentially lead to portable MRI machines.
A team of researchers has successfully generated two resonant dispersive waves on both sides of the emitting soliton, a major breakthrough in supercontinuum generation. The unique fiber design allows for efficient and compact femtosecond lasers, opening up new applications in frequency combs.
Researchers at the University of Arizona and University of Queensland create a new form of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate, which can spontaneously spin up into rotating vortices resembling microscopic quantum mechanical hurricanes. This phenomenon occurs when atoms in the gas cool to near absolute zero.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new theory to predict where aerodynamic separation will occur, which could impact fuel efficiency and more. The study extends existing knowledge from 1904 by addressing unsteady three-dimensional flows.
Researchers have discovered a way to make magnetic sensors capable of operating at high temperatures, overcoming the limitations of conventional sensors. By introducing slight degradation or impurities into indium antimonide samples, scientists can recreate the effect that was previously observed only at low temperatures.
Researchers at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility confirmed theoretical predictions that fast-moving protons form pairs with neutrons or other protons, with 100% of fast-moving nucleons paired. This discovery may help understand nuclear systems and structure.
University of Missouri researchers found a significant variation in projectile points indicating experimental research by prehistoric artisans. The study suggests that the introduction of the bow and arrow technology prompted innovative thinking and experimentation to improve performance.
A team of scholars argues that modifying lethal injection protocols in US states could be tantamount to experimenting on prisoners without their consent. Guidelines for human research involving humans were developed to prevent exploitation of vulnerable populations like death row inmates, but many states fail to follow these guidelines.
A Massachusetts study found that youths living in towns with strong restaurant smoking bans have a lower risk of becoming established smokers. Local regulations influence the transition from experimentation to established smoking, but not experimentation itself.
Researchers at NIST and Max Planck Institute plan to measure the Rydberg constant with unprecedented accuracy by boosting an electron to a high-flying orbit. This could reveal anomalies in quantum electrodynamics and improve element identification in stars, environmental pollutants, and more.
Researchers from Uppsala University found that the body-centered cubic crystal structure of iron in the inner core explains seismic wave patterns. This discovery may impact our understanding of the earth's heat balance and magnetic field stability, opening new perspectives for studying the earth's past, present, and future.
Researchers have developed a new method to combine programming languages safely, eliminating injection attacks and providing absolute security. This breakthrough can be applied to various environments without additional effort from programmers.
Springer Protocols is a laboratory tool that delivers protocols across 15 subject collections, covering various areas of life sciences. The platform contains over 2,000 protocols, with 1,000 being updated annually, providing researchers with easy access to experiment designs, equipment, statistical methods, and troubleshooting standards.
The NIST team will use the granted time to model concrete flow under various conditions, improving prediction and measurement of flow properties. The access to the Argonne machine allows for advanced computer modeling impossible with existing facilities.
Researchers developed a model to explain how knots form in tumbled strings, revealing a connection to DNA unwinding and tumor cell behavior. The study used computer simulations and experimentation to classify thousands of knots, shedding light on the probability of knot formation.
Researchers used the Petersburg Paradox to predict how force required to break two types of strings varied with length. Their findings suggest that longer strings require less force to break in a unique pattern.
Scientists have developed a detailed understanding of neutral-neutral reactions at low temperatures, shedding light on their importance in interstellar chemistry. The study's findings suggest that these reactions can play a significant role in the chemistry of interstellar space, contrary to conventional wisdom.
Researchers create femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques via CARS (FAST-CARS) to detect anthrax spores, using ultrashort pulses to minimize background noise. The technique can identify bacterial endospores in real-time, with potential applications in monitoring glucose levels and scanning the atmosphere.
Researchers have unveiled the size-dependent evolution of structural and electronic structural motifs of gold nanoclusters. The experiments show near perfect agreement pertaining to the cluster structures occurring in the experiments, which is crucial for understanding their behavior as nanocatalysts or in medical applications.
Researchers directly observed random walks of ellipsoidal particles suspended in water, revealing non-Gaussian behavior. The study rediscovered forgotten ideas from French physicist Francis Perrin, confirming the effects of rotational-translational coupling on non-spherical particles.
The new NIST technique coats a silicon wafer with a brush-like copolymer surface, varying the relative concentration of two components along the length of the substrate. This method accommodates a wide variety of materials and can produce test surfaces for studying surface phenomena in fields like tissue engineering and materials science.
Researchers found that red-headed Gouldian finches are more aggressive and dominant than black-headed and yellow-headed peers. The study suggests that the birds' bright red head color serves as a signal of dominance, allowing them to out-compete others for limited resources.
A team of researchers from Rice University successfully combined computer modeling and experimental results in folding studies for a large, multi-domain protein using free-energy theory. The method worked remarkably well, allowing scientists to predict the folding route of proteins with unprecedented accuracy.
A study found that an abstinence-only sex education program increased teens' knowledge of HIV/STDs and their commitment to abstinence. However, it had mixed effects on sexual behavior, with no impact on the likelihood of having sex or using condoms. The program may reduce casual sex encounters among sexually active students.
A University of Washington scientist has developed a new method using nanoscale test tubes to conduct chemical analysis and experimentation. The approach captures single cells or small subcellular structures within tiny water droplets, allowing for the study of chemical processes and biochemical information at unprecedented scales.
Hassan Khalil's model will allow for new experimentation in artificial organ control, making experiments more flexible and predictable. The collaboration between UH and the Texas Medical Center fosters collaborations between engineers, doctors, and professionals.
Researchers from Rice University and international teams found a collapse of Fermi volume in quantum critical matters, leading to new insights into exotic electronic properties. This discovery may provide routes to new classes of material and shed light on high-temperature superconductivity.
Researchers developed an experiment to measure the behavior of curling stones, revealing that wet friction is involved in their curl. The study found that a thin liquid layer reverses the dominant frictional force on the stone, resulting in a clockwise-turning stone curling to the right.
A team of scientists has successfully used a 'robot scientist' to discover the function of about 30% of genes in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which could lead to major medical breakthroughs. The robot, trained on biochemistry knowledge, designed experiments and analyzed data using plate readers.
The new g-2 measurement has deviated significantly from the standard model prediction, with a difference of 2.8 standard deviations. This discrepancy has sparked renewed interest in the possibility of new physics beyond the Standard Model, particularly supersymmetry.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered a protein that reaches an unprecedented folding speed of one to two microseconds, significantly faster than previously thought. By studying this phenomenon, they were able to determine the speed limit of protein folding and challenge existing theories.
Researchers at NYU's Courant Institute found that flexible structures exhibit a unique drag reduction phenomenon, where the drag force decreases with the velocity of the flow. The team discovered that this occurs due to the shape of the fiber's 'nose' and its self-similarity under different velocities.
Researchers at Illinois and Stanford have compared simulated and experimental protein folding dynamics, achieving good agreement. The study used a small protein with 23 amino acids, which can fold rapidly, and demonstrated the heterogeneous nature of the folding event.
Researchers have successfully measured electrical resistance and magnetic properties of lithium under extreme conditions. The discovery reveals multiple transitions in the element's structure, reevaluating its properties.
The latest muon g-2 measurement provides a unique and unusually sensitive test of the validity of the general theory of electromagnetism or, equivalently, the Standard Model of particle physics. The result confirms earlier measurements with twice the precision, making this new measurement a much more sensitive test of the Standard Model.
John Uri, a NASA scientist, has led research on the International Space Station since childhood. He oversaw 52 investigations in various scientific disciplines, including medical research and material science.
Scientists will study the properties of materials in low-gravity conditions to improve industry's high-tech products. Bubbles trapped in solid samples can cause internal cracks, diminishing a material's strength.
Researchers at Stanford University and the University of Durham report a surprising observation in a hydrogen-exchange reaction, where a tiny proportion of H2 molecules is flying off in an unexpected direction. This finding suggests more than one mechanism by which H and D2 come together and react.
Materials professor Arthur Gossard and his students created a compound semiconductor for two unrelated experiments, one by Harvard and one by Chicago, which were published in the September 29 issue of Science magazine. The experiment involves creating pathways for electrons to improve conductivity.
Researchers discovered that flexible polymers behave differently on surfaces compared to in bulk, with a stronger dependence on chain length. The study used two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to monitor individual molecule motions and found that chains 'entangle' with the surface, causing them to flatten.
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory's Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) discovered nearly 30 new exotic astrophysical objects and phenomena, rewriting astronomy textbooks. The instrument also contributed to 10 scientific prizes and 18 Ph.Ds.
The composite liquid oxygen tank is the largest ever made and will be the first to fly on a launch vehicle, aiming to reduce launch costs from $10,000 per pound to $1,000. The X-34 flying laboratory is being developed to demonstrate technologies for safer and more efficient reusable launch vehicles.
Researchers from the Fritz Haber Institute found that chemical trigger waves can propagate instantaneously across a system, violating traditional notions of local causality. The experiment used an electrocatalytic reaction on a platinum ring electrode and demonstrated nonlocal coupling effects.
For the first time, researchers have analyzed polar stratospheric cloud particles using a developed instrument. The results show water-rich particles with high H2O/nitric acid ratios, challenging previous assumptions about PSC composition.
A new approach to experimentation using computer simulation and rapid prototyping could significantly reduce development cost and time in the computer, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. The study found that firms can save millions of dollars by switching between these methods at the optimal point.
Researchers have visualized chaotic flows in three dimensions, revealing regular islands formed by unmixed liquid streams. The study's findings could lead to improved mixing conditions in various industries, including chemical companies and geophysics.
Researchers have found that Sulfolobus acidocaldarius exhibits a very high rate of genetic recombination, with 95% of mutations producing recombinants. This suggests an alternative mechanism of DNA repair beyond classical recombination, which may be driven by the microbe's exposure to oxidative stress.
Researchers grew viable cartilage tissue from bovine cells on polymer scaffolds, but found that tissues grown in space were smaller and mechanically weaker than those on Earth. This study demonstrates the feasibility of cultivating cells and tissues in space over long periods.
The USMP-4 mission successfully delivered a haul of science and samples to help scientists investigate the era of International Space Station. The mission made significant contributions to materials science, solidification processes, and ultrasmall electronics, with results expected to have practical applications in industries like eye...
The USMP-4 space mission closed with ongoing astrophysics research using cosmic ray measurements to analyze Confided Helium Experiment data. The Confined Helium Experiment used liquid helium to measure the finite size effect, and scientists are analyzing radiation effects to understand background heating noise.
Historic farm plots show that over-fertilizing can actually decrease crop yields and make production unstable. Long rotations and sustainable farming practices are more effective in increasing organic matter and nutrients to the soil.
Researchers will test the effects of microgravity on plant species known as sweet wormwood and rosy periwinkle, which naturally produce pharmaceutically important compounds. The goal is to develop new drugs or lower production costs.
Researchers at Cornell University are working on two projects, COBRA and FIREX, to create a new approach to fusion energy production. COBRA aims to investigate the use of ion beams as an alternative to laser beams for inertial fusion, while FIREX focuses on magnetic fusion and its potential to replace Tokamaks.